1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 76 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark
2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate“. Spilich put young non-smokers
3、, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject(试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smo
4、kers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived s
5、mokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important informa
6、tion than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. “As our tests became more complex,“ sums up Spilich, “n
7、on-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins. “ He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobsuntil they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.“（分数：
8、10.00）(1).The purpose of George Spilichs experiment is_.（分数：2.00）A.to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokersB.to show how smoking damages peoples mental capacityC.to prove that smoking affects peoples regular performanceD.to find out whether smoking helps people
9、s short-term memory(2).George Spilichs experiment was conducted in such a way as to_.（分数：2.00）A.compel the subject to separate major information from minor detailsB.put the subjects through increasingly complex testsC.check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokersD.register the prompt responses of t
10、he subjects(3).The word “bested“ ( Para. 5) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.beatB.enviedC.caught up withD.made the best of(4).Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.B.Active smokers responded more quickly than the other s
11、ubjects.C.Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.D.Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.(5).We can infer the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.smokers should not expect to become airline pilotsB.smoking in emergency causes mental illnessC
12、.no airline pilots smoke during flightsD.smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency casesMore than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third-floor window. Wear a seat belt saves
13、 lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers
14、 responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing (倒开) your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle ; or if you hav
15、e valid (有效的) medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wea
16、ring it.（分数：10.00）(1).This passage is most probably taken from_.（分数：2.00）A.a medical magazineB.a legal documentC.the Federal LawsD.a police report(2).Wearing a seat belt in a vehicle_.（分数：2.00）A.reduces road accidents by more than halfB.saves lives while at a speed up to 30 miles per hourC.reduces t
17、he death rate in traffic accidentsD.saves more than 15,000 lives each year(3).It is the drivers responsibility to_.（分数：2.00）A.make the front seat passenger wear a seat beltB.make the front seat children under 14 wear a seat beltC.stop children riding in the front seatD.wear a seat belt each time he
18、drives(4).According to the passage, who, riding in the front, does not have to wear a seat belt?（分数：2.00）A.Someone who is backing into a parking space.B.Someone who is picking up the children from the local school.C.Someone who is delivering invitation letters.D.Someone who is under 14.(5).For some
19、people, it may be better_.（分数：2.00）A.to wear a seat belt for health reasonsB.not to wear a seat belt for health reasonsC.to get a valid medical certificate before wearing a seat beltD.to pay a fine rather than wear a seat beltThe Chinese of 3500 years ago believed that the earth was a chariot, and t
20、he sky was a curved canopy stretched above it. The canopy was nine layers thick, and it sloped slightly to the northwest, as a cataclysm had broken one of its supporting columns. This gentle slope explained the movement of the stars from east to west. According to these ancient Chinese beliefs, the
21、sun spent the night on earth and ascended to the sky each morning from the luminous valley of the earth by climbing the branches of an immensely tall sacred tree. To the Chinese people, the sun was the incarnation of goodness, beauty, and truth. In popular imagination, the sun was represented as a c
22、ock that little by little assumed human form. His battles with the dragons, which personified evil in their beliefs, accounted for momentary disappearances of the sun that men now call eclipses. Many of the Chinese people worshiped the sun, but in the vast and complicated organization of the Chinese
23、 gods, the sun was of only secondary importance. Along with these unsophisticated beliefs about the sun, the Chinese evolved a science of astronomy based upon observationthough essentially religiouswhich enabled them to predict eclipses of the sun and the movement of the stars. Such predictions were
24、 based on calculations made by using a gnomon an object whose shadow could be used as a measure, as with a sundial or simple shadow pointers. Moreover, with the naked eye, the Chinese observed sunspots, a phenomenon not then known to their contemporaries.（分数：10.00）(1).The ancient Chinese believed th
25、at the earth_.（分数：2.00）A.was a chariotB.sloped to the northwestC.was supported by columnsD.had nine layers(2).To the Chinese people, the sun represented _.（分数：2.00）A.the primary godB.evilC.goodness, beauty and truthD.combat(3).The suns disappearances were thought to be caused by_.（分数：2.00）A.fights w
26、ith cocksB.fights with dragonsC.a scientific phenomenonD.eclipse(4).Ancient Chinese astronomy could be accurately described as_.（分数：2.00）A.entirely religious in natureB.based on legendary figuresC.advanced in some areasD.completely unsuccessful(5).Implied but not stated:_.（分数：2.00）A.The sun was wors
27、hiped by all the Chinese peopleB.The sun was thought of as a cockC.Chinese religion and astronomy were closely interrelatedD.Sundials were first used by the ChineseActing is such an overcrowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is “
28、Dont!“ But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are small. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young
29、actor or actress takes up work with a play company, usually as assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the clothes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed, the hou
30、rs are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chance of work with a better company, or perhaps in films or television. Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Conni
31、e Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to th
32、e film company to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the company the next day. The test was successful. They ga
33、ve her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part in a film, which made her well-known overnight throughout the country. Of course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!（分数：10.00）(1).The ma
34、in reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is that_.（分数：2.00）A.actors are very unusual peopleB.the course at the drama school lasts too longC.acting is very hard workD.there are already too many actors(2).An assistant stage managers job is difficult because he has to_.（分数：
35、2.00）A.do all kinds of stage workB.work for long hoursC.wait for a better opportunityD.have a talent for acting(3).“Young actors with the stage in their blood are happy“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.they dont care if their job is hardB.they like the stage naturallyC.they are born happyD.they are easily satisfi
36、ed(4).Connie Pratt thought the film producer was joking, for she_.（分数：2.00）A.didnt know who the man wasB.never wanted to become an actressC.couldnt believe what the man saidD.had no interest in art(5).The phrase “once in a blue moon“ in the last sentence means_.（分数：2.00）A.immediatelyB.unexpectedlyC.
37、slowlyD.rarelyStarted in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard. They were all started before the American Revolution made the thirteen colonies into states. In the
38、early years, these schools were much alike. Only young men attended college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students
39、graduated, most of them became ministers of teachers. In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard law school. In 1825, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German, as well as Latin
40、 and Greek. Soon it began teaching American history. As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them. Special colleges for women were started. New state universities began to teach such subjects as
41、 farming, engineering and business. Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are divided into smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There is so much to learn that one kind of school cannot offer it all.（分数：10.00）(1).The oldest university i
42、n the United States is_.（分数：2.00）A.DartmouthB.ColumbiaC.PrincetonD.Harvard(2).On the whole the passage is about_.（分数：2.00）A.how colleges have changedB.how to start a universityC.the American RevolutionD.the world-famous colleges in America(3).As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach_.（分数：2.00
43、）A.everything that was knownB.many new subjectsC.Latin, Greek and HebrewD.French and German(4).Which statement does the passage lead you to believe?（分数：2.00）A.Every student studied Latin, Greek and Hebrew.B.The early schools are still much alike.C.There is more to learn today than in 1636.D.They beg
44、an teaching foreign languages in 1825.(5).Implied but not stated: _.（分数：2.00）A.Universities have changed over the yearsB.Today all students study to become teachers or ministersC.All colleges and universities are the sameD.They were much alike in the early years专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 76 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90
45、分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the correspo
46、nding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_解析：Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate“. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprive
47、d (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject(试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well. The nex
48、t test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the
