1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 84 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark
2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in
3、books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precisi
4、on under specified condition. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user. All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will
5、be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always s
6、ubject to error. Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same ad
7、vantages and short-comings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the empirical evidence concerning comparative validity, and upon such factors as cost and availability. In general, the tests work mo
8、st effectively when the traits or qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined (for example, ability to do well in a particular course or training program) and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined (for example, personality or creativity). Proper
9、ly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized.（分数：10.00）(1).The essence of this article on educational tests is_.（分数：2.00）A.These tests do not test adequately what they
10、 set out to testB.Dont blame the test, blame the userC.When a student is nervous or ill, the test results are inaccurateD.Educators are gradually losing confidence in the value of tests(2).It would seem to the author that tests like College Entrance Scholastic Aptitude Test are_.（分数：2.00）A.generally
11、 unreliableB.generally reliableC.meaninglessD.misleading(3).The selection implies that, more often, the value of an educational test rests with _.（分数：2.00）A.the interpretation of resultsB.the test itselfC.the testeeD.the directions(4).“The empirical evidence“ (Para. 3) is most probably_.（分数：2.00）A.o
12、ne based on scientific ideas out of booksB.one presented by other peopleC.one guided by practical experienceD.Both A and C(5).Which statement is NOT true, according to the passage about educational tests?（分数：2.00）A.Some students “shine“ unexpectedly.B.Predictions do not always hold true.C.Personalit
13、y tests often fail to measure the true personality.D.The supervisor of the test must be very well trained.Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, underdeveloped, or u
14、ncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic (内在的) superiority of one culture over another; just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy (等级制) among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, underd
15、eveloped forms of speech in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward“ languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ing
16、enious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speaker
17、s. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery of vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities
18、 requiring names and distinctions in “backward“ languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness “this“ and “that“ ; some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is clos
19、e to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.（分数
20、：10.00）(1).The languages of uncivilized groups as compared to western languages are limited in_.（分数：2.00）A.sound patternsB.grammatical structuresC.vocabularyD.both B and C(2).The author says that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found_.（分数：2.00）A.nowhere todayB.among the Australian aboriginesC.am
21、ong eastern culturesD.among people speaking “backward“ languages(3).According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have_.（分数：2.00）A.the potential for expanding vocabularyB.their own sound patternsC.an ability to transfer ideasD.grammatical structures(4).The author says that profession
22、al linguists recognize that_.（分数：2.00）A.western languages are superior to eastern languagesB.all languages come from grunts and groansC.the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understandD.there is no hierarchy of languages(5).Which of the following is implied in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The study o
23、f languages has discredited anthropological studies.B.The study of languages has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultures.C.The study of languages is the same as the study of anthropologists.D.The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthro
24、pologists.Unlike the carefully weighed and planned compositions of Dante, Goethes writings always have a sense of immediacy and enthusiasm. He was a constant experimenter with life, with ideas and with forms of writing. For the same reason, his works seldom have the qualities of finish or formal bea
25、uty which distinguish the masterpieces of Dante and Virgil. He came to love the beauties of classicism, but it was never an essential part of his make-up. Instead, the urgency of the moment, the spirit of the thing, guided his pen. As a result, nearly all his works have serious flaw of structure, of
26、 inconsistencies, of excesses and redundancies and extremities. In a large sense, Goethe represents the fullest development of the romanticism. It has been argued that he should not be so designated because he so clearly matured and outgrew the kind of romanticism exhibited by Wordsworth, Shelley, a
27、nd Keats. Shelley and Keats died young; Wordsworth lived narrowly and abandoned his early attitudes. In contrast, Goethe lived abundantly and developed his faith in the spirit, his understanding of nature and human nature, and his reliance on feelings as mans essential motivating force. The result w
28、as an all-encompassing vision of reality and a philosophy of life broader and deeper than the partial visions and attitudes of other romanticists. Yet the spirit of youthfulness, the impatience with close reasoning or “logic chopping“ , and the continued faith in nature remained his to the end, toge
29、ther with an occasional waywardness1 and impulsiveness and a disregard of artistic or logical propriety, which savor strongly of romantic individualism. Since so many twentieth century thoughts and attitudes are similarly based on the stimulus of the Romantic Movement. Goethe stands as particularly
30、the poet of the modern man as Dante stood for medieval man and as Shakespeare for the man of the Renaissance.（分数：10.00）(1).The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.Goethe and DanteB.The Characteristics of RomanticismC.Goethe, the RomanticistD.Goethes Abundant Life(2).Go
31、ethes work shows a lack of_.（分数：2.00）A.a vision of realityB.repetitionsC.formal polishD.knowledge of Shakespeare(3).A characteristic of romanticism NOT mentioned in this passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.interest in natureB.modernity of ideasC.youthful attitudeD.simplicity of language(4).Goethe is called the p
32、oet of the modern man because_.（分数：2.00）A.he developed his faithB.he lived longer than Shelley and KeatsC.he presents many twentieth-century ideasD.his work has serious flaws(5).According to this passage, Goethe_.（分数：2.00）A.stimulated many modern ideasB.disliked Dante and VirgilC.should be called a
33、classicistD.was illogicalThere is no doubt that adults, and even highly educated adults, vary greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading. Some proceed very slowly throughout; others dash along too quickly and then have to regress. Poor readers in particular may lack the ability to vary the
34、ir manner of reading according to the type of reading matter and to their intentions in reading it. A good reader can move at great speed through the text of a novel or similar light reading matter. He may be able to skim a page, picking up a word or two here and there, and gain a general idea of wh
35、at the text is about without really reading it. In reading more difficult material, with the intention of taking in the whole of it, he will proceed more slowly, but even then he will vary his pace, concentrating on the key words and passages, perhaps re-reading them several times and pass more quic
36、kly over the remainder. A less efficient reader tends to maintain the same speed whatever the material he reads. Consequently, even light reading matter gives him little pleasure because he reads so slowly. But this pace may be too fast for really difficult material, which requires special concentra
37、tion at difficult points. A type of reading which necessitates careful attention to detail is proof-reading, in which the reader, in order to detect misprints in a sample print, has to notice not so much the meaning of what he reads as the exact shape and order of letters and words in the text. This
38、 is extremely difficult for most people, since they are accustomed to overlooking such details. In fact, considerable practice is required to practise this task efficiently and it can be done only be reading very slowly, and by paying comparatively little attention to the general meaning of the text
39、.（分数：10.00）(1).The author claims that there is a difference in reading speed_.（分数：2.00）A.among readers who have different experienceB.among all the readersC.between the poorly educated and the highly educatedD.among the highly educated people(2).A good reader is a reader who_.（分数：2.00）A.concentrates
40、 on the wonderful part of the articleB.always reads slowly and carefullyC.changes his speed according to the kind of textD.changes his speed according to the interesting of the text(3).The author says that when reading a novel, a good reader can quickly read_.（分数：2.00）A.every part of the bookB.the m
41、ost wonderful part in the bookC.the major part in the bookD.the scientific part of the book(4).The last two sentences of the first paragraph mean that_.（分数：2.00）A.a reading speed too slow for a difficult book is just right for a non-serious oneB.a reading speed too slow for a non-serious book may be
42、 too fast for a difficult oneC.a reading speed too fast for difficult material is just right for a non-serious book is also too slow for a difficult oneD.a reading speed too slow for a non-serious book is also too slow for a difficult one(5).Which of the following can be the title of the passage?（分数
43、：2.00）A.Reading and listening.B.Difference between highly educated and poorly educated.C.Practice reading skill.D.Difference in the speed and efficiency of reading.Central Park, emerging from a period of abuse and neglect, remains one of the most popular attractions in New York City, with half a mil
44、lion out-of-towners among the more than 3 million people who visit the park yearly. About 15 million individual visits are made each year. Summer is the season for softball, concerts, and Shakespeare; fall is stunning; winter is wonderful for sledding, skating, and skiing; and spring-time is the lov
45、eliest of all. It was all planned that way. About 130 years ago Frederic Law Olmsted and his collaborator Calvert Vaux submitted their landscaping plan for rectangular parcel two miles north of the towns center. The barren swampy tract, home for squatters and a bone-boiling works that made glue, was
46、 reported as “a pestilential spot where miasmic odors taint every breath of air“. It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 million cubic feet of earth and rock, and to plant half a million trees and shrubs , making a tribute to naturea romantic nineteenth-century perception o
47、f nature. What exists today is essentially Olmsted and Vauxs plan, with more trees, buildings, and asphalt. Landscape architects still speak reverently of Olmsteds genius and foresight, and the sensitive visitor can see the effects he sought.（分数：10.00）(1).With what subject is the passage mainly conc
48、erned?（分数：2.00）A.The lives of Olmsted and Vaux.B.New York Citys tourist industry.C.Examples of nineteenth-century art in New York City.D.The development of Central Park.(2).According to the passage, which is the prettiest time of year in Central Park?（分数：2.00）A.Winter.B.Spring.C.Summer.D.Fall.(3).It
49、 can be inferred that the “rectangular parcel“ mentioned in Para. 3 is_.（分数：2.00）A.the site of Central ParkB.the gift presented to New YorkC.a skyscraper in New YorkD.the proposed design for Central Park(4).According to the passage, before Olmsted and Vaux began their work, the area now occupied by Central Park was_.（分数：2.00）A.a romantic placeB.an infertile, marshy s
