1、 2017年甘肃省天水市甘谷二中高三第一次模拟检测试题英语 一、阅读理解（ 每小题 2分， 共 52分 ） A Are you an optimist? Do you look at your glass and see it as half full? Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best? Do you believe that if something is meant to be, it will be? If you rep
2、ly “yes” to all of these questions, then you are an optimist. You probably are enthusiastic, cheerful and outgoing. You may be successful at work and in love. But you may be misguided because things dont turn out for the best. You may believe that when one door closes another one opens（ for example,
3、 you may fail to obtain a new job; another chance will come around soon） . Wrong. When one door closes, another door slams(砰然关上 ) in your face. Thats bitter reality. Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲观者 ) have suspected all along. Its called The Positive Power of Defensiv
4、e Pessimism. Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results. Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear, anxiety and worry. Defensive pessimists prepare for the things by setting low outcomes for themselves. They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and
5、 plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of control. Lawrence Sanno, a psychology professor, says, “Whats interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people, so their low opinion of the situations outcomes is not realistic. They use it t
6、o motivate themselves to perform better. ” So far, so good. This is not rocket science. Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work, on date or even in a sports game. It makes sense to have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution.
7、 For example, “Dont put all your eggs in one basket. ” And “Dont count your chickens until they hatch. ” To have a confident and optimistic approach to lifes problems is good. But listen to what Woody Alien, the American comedian says, “Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.
8、” There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist. Dont feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist. But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full. 1. Whats the passage mainly about? A. A book that has recently been published. B. How to become
9、 successful in life. C. The dangers of being too optimistic. D. The benefits of defensive pessimism. 2. The underlined sentence “This is not rocket science” （ Para. 4） means _. A. its not a dangerous thing to do B. it is quite simple to understand C. the cost is not so high D. there is no real proof
10、 3. Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe? A. Dont put all your eggs in one basket. B. The glass is half full not half empty. C. Whatever will be, will be. D. Every cloud has a silver lining. 4. The writer would probably describe himself as _. A. an optimist
11、B. a defeatist C. a realist D. a scientist 解析： 1.主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出了人应该乐观一点会更好，接着主要讨论了要做一个有意识的悲观者，因为这样的悲观者才会对以后的事情做好充分的准备，会有详细的计划和安排。那样才能有更好的结果。故 D正确。 2.推理题。谚语 This is not rocket science. 中的 rocket science指困难的事情，指那些很难以理解的事情。本句话的意思就是指这很好理解，不是那么难以理解的事物。故 B正确。 3.推理题。根据文章倒数第二段 3,4行 There are many sayings in
12、 English urging caution. For example, “Dont put all your eggs in one basket,”说明该谚语就是指那些表示谨慎的谚语，故 A项符合那些 pessimists （悲观者）的特点。故 A正确。 4.推理题。根据第二段的最后三句： 当上帝关上一扇门的时候，他会为你打开另外一扇门。但是实际上并不是总是如此，说明他对待一切是很现实的。以及文章后几段的内容可在C正确。 答案： 1-4. DBAC B The Healthy Habits Survey(调查 ) shows that only about one third of Am
13、erican seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice. 5. What is found out about American seniors? A. Most of them have good habits. B. Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week. C. All of them are fighting germs better than expected. D. About one third of them brush their t
14、eeth only once a day. 6. Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands. A. twice a day B. three times a day C. four times a day D. eight times a day 7. Which of the following is true according to the text? A. We should keep from touching our faces. B. There are less than 300 types of bacteria
15、in the mouth. C. A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet. D. We should wash our hands before touching a door handle. 8. The text probably comes from. A. a guide book B. a popular magazine C. a book review D. an official document 解析： 5.细节理解题。根据第一条调查结果 “A full 33% of seniors brush their te
16、eth only once a day.” 可知 D项正确。 6.细节理解题。根据第二条调查结果中 30%的年长者一天洗手四次 , 而这个是 “half of the number doctors recommend” (医生建议数目的一半 ), 故医生建议每天洗手的次数应该是八次。 7.细节理解题。在第三个 Step中 , 作者用了一个强调句型 “. it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵 ) that can carry more germs than anything else?” 来说明 : 不是你的洗手间而是你厨房里面的海绵携
17、带的病菌最多。故选 C项。 8.推理判断题。 A: 导游指南 ; B: 大众杂志 ; C: 书评 ; D: 官方文件。本文是一份关于健康的调查报告 , 出现的地方最可能是杂志 , 故选 B项。 答案： 5-8 DDCB C Men are spending more and more time in the kitchen encouraged by celebrity(名人 ) chefs like Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver， according to a report from Oxford University. The effect of the c
18、elebrity role models， who have given cooking a more manly picture， has combined with a more general drive towards sexual equality and men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparing meals than they did in 1961. According to the research by Prof. Jonatahn Gershuny， who runs the Centre for
19、Time Research at Oxford， men now spend more than half an hour a day cooking， up from just 12 minutes a day in 1961. Prof. Gershuny said， “The man in the kitchen is part of a much wider social trend. There has been 40 years of sexual equality， but there is another 40 years probably to come. ” Women，
20、who a generation ago spent nearly two hours a day cooking， now spend just one hour and seven minutesa great fall， but they still spend far more time in the kitchen than men. Some experts have named these men in aprons as “Gastrosexuals (men using cooking skills to impress friends)”， who have been in
21、spired to pick up a kitchen knife by the success of Ramsay，Oliver as well as other male celebrity chefs such as Hugh Fearnley Whittingstall， Marco Pierre White and Keith Floyd. “I was married in 1974. When my father came to visit me a few weeks later， I was wearing an apron when I opened the door. H
22、e laughed， ” said Prof. Gershuny. “That would never happen now. ” Two thirds of adults say that they come together to share at least three times a week， even if it is not necessarily around a kitchen or dining room table. Prof. Gershuny pointed out that the family meal was now rarely eaten by all of
23、 its members around a tablewith many “family meals” in fact taken on the sofa in the sitting room， and shared by family members. “The family meal has changed a lot， and few of us eatas I did when I was a childat least two meals a day together as a family. But it has survived in a different format. ”
24、 9. What is one reason behind the trend that men spend more time cooking than before? A. The development of sexual equality campaign. B. The influence of popular female chefs. C. The change of females view on cooking. D. The improvement of cooks status. 10. What does the author think about the time
25、men and women spend on cooking? A. Men spend more time cooking than women nowadays. B. It will take 40 years before men spend more time at the stove than women. C. Women spend much less time on cooking than before. D. There is a sharp decline in the time men spend on cooking compared with 1961. 11.
26、How did Prof. Gershuny see the family meal according to the passage? A. It has become a thing of the past. B. It is very different from what it used to be. C. It shouldnt be advocated in modern times. D. It is beneficial to the stability of the family. 12. Which is the best title for the passage? A.
27、 The Changes of Family Meals B. Equality between Men and Women C. Cookinga Thing of the Past for Women D. Cooking into a New Trend for Men 解析： 9.细节理解 。 根据第二段 The effect of the celebrity role models, who have given cooking a more manly picture, has combined with a more general drive towards sexual eq
28、uality可知男性名人在电视上展示厨艺和更多受到性别平等的心理驱使，导致男性在做饭上花得时间更多了。故选 A。 10.细节理解 。 根据第五段的 Women, who a generation ago spent nearly two hours a day cooking, now spend just one hour and seven minutesa great fall,可知，女性下厨的时间比以前少了，但是还是比男性多， and men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparing meals than they d
29、id in 1961. 说明现在男性在厨房的时间多。故选 C。 11.细节理解 。 根据最后一段的 The family meal has changed a lot, and few of us eat可知，现在家人在一起聚餐的变化主要是吃饭退居其次，故选 B。 12.主旨大意 。 根据第一段的意思可知，本文的大意是男人下厨做饭成为新潮流。故选D。 答案： 9-12 ACBD D In a generous display of maturity and sympathy, one Jewish boy made his first deed as a man in his faith a
30、great act of charity. Joshua Neidorf, a 13-year-old boy from Los Angeles, donated most of his birthday money to Operation Mend, a program that reconstructs the faces of severely burned U. S. veterans（退伍老兵） . The young man decided to donate his money after getting to know Army Sgt. Louis Dahlman, who
31、 was undergoing a series of reconstruction surgeries（手术） at UCLA （ University of California at Los Angeles） thanks to Operation Mend. The Neidorfs had signed up to be Dahlmans “buddy family”, spending time with him whenever he visited Los Angeles for a surgery. “I just love knowing that its going so
32、mewhere. to help the people who save our lives and keep us safe every day,” said Neidorf. His mother added, “It makes me feel like our world is going in a good direction with this next generation.” In all, Neidorf gave $13,000 to Operation Mend. He also encouraged his friends to donate to the cause.
33、 He is the organizations youngest donor so far. Operation Mend is a privately funded program that works in partnership with the UCLA Medical Center. Ron Katz, a board member at the hospital, started the program in 2006 after seeing a TV programme about Aaron Mankin, a veteran who had gone through do
34、zens of surgeries after a fight in Iraq which completely burned off his face. Mankin ended up being Operation Mends first patient, starting the first of 20 reconstructive facial surgeries at UCLA in Sept. 2007. In a 2011 interview, Katz shared how his experience of helping Mankin made him realize th
35、e need to establish a more permanent program. “My wife and I soon realized that there were dozens of Aarons out there,” Katz said. “They deserve the best that we offer them.” 13. Neidorf decided to help veterans because _. A. he benefited from Operation Mend B. he was afraid of burned faces C. he th
36、ought they deserved help D. he didnt know how to spend money 14. Operation Mend was founded after _. A. Neidorf donated part of his birthday money B. the Neidorfs signed up to be Dahlmans “buddy family” C. Ron Katz saw a TV programme about a veteran D. Mankin was successfully operated on at UCLA 15.
37、 What can we learn from the passage? A. Neidorfs mother was opposed to his decision to donate money. B. Mankins face was burned in a fire in America. C. Mankin went through more than 30 facial surgeries at UCLA. D. Many facial surgeries are needed to reconstruct a seriously burned face. 16. The last
38、 two paragraphs mainly tell us _. A. the process of Mankins surgery B. how Operation Mend was set up C. how Katz became famous D. veterans are respected by people 解析： 13.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可判断出， Neidorf认为这些日日夜夜拯救他 人生命，守护他人安全的士兵是值得帮助的人。 14.事实细节题。根据倒数第三段最后一句可知， Ron Katz在看过一个关于老兵的电视节目后决定创办 Operation Mend。 1
39、5.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知， Mankin 的面部修复手术多达 20 次。由此推断，修复严重烧伤的面部需要很多次面部手术。 16.主旨大意题。文章后两段通过介绍创办人 Ron Katz 和该组织接收的第一个病人Mankind告诉读者 Operation Mend是如何建立起来的。 答案： 13-16 CCDB E 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 David and Jack are talking about cyber-relationships in their dorm. David: Jack, you spend a l
40、ot of time on the Internet everyday. What do you most frequently use it for? Jack: I usually surf 17 net, read news and anything I am interested in, check emails or chat with other people. Sometimes I order online too. Maybe I can find a girlfriend online like a fairy tale. David: Well, I see. Thats
41、 18 you are so stuck to it. Jack: I know dozens of websites provide dating service. Curiosity and the need for companionship make them a sure-fire business. I recommend that you 19 (try) B. David: To be 20 , I really cant understand how 21 people depend on that way to make friends. Its kind of risky
42、. Jack: Yes, but its also one of the easiest and fastest ways to meet new people. David: Sounds good. But it is full of traps on the Internet, and some people have really 22 (please) experience about online dating. Jack: Its true, but some people did find their better-half through online dating. Dav
43、id: 23 , I wont try that way to make my girlfriend. Jack: Dont be so sure. If you 24 (happen) meet a girl online who is intelligent, kind, honest, and you get a good feeling of her, wont you have the desire to get to know her 25 person? David: I wont have such a chance in the first place, for I neve
44、r enter the chatroom. Jack: Maybe 26 mans meat is anothers poison. David: Thats right. 解析： 17. the surf the net是固定短语，意为 “ 冲浪，浏览 ” 。 18. why “ 哦，我明白了。这就是你为什么那么迷恋它的原因吧 ” 。 why引导表语从句，且在从句中作原因状语。 19. (should) try recommend后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用 “ should+动词原形 ” 表示虚拟， should可以省略。 20. frank/honest to be frank/ho
45、nest意为 “ 老实说；坦率地说 ” 。 21. come说实话，我真不明白人们为什么用这种方式交朋友。 how come引导宾语从句，意为 “ 为什么，怎么会 ” 。 22. unpleasant根据上文 it is full of traps on the Internet（网络上充满陷阱）判断，这里指不愉快的（ unpleasant）网恋经历。 23. Anyway“ 不管怎样（ Anyway），我不会用这种方式交女朋友 ” 。 24. happen to happen to do表示 “ 碰巧做，恰巧是 ” 。 25. in“ 如果你碰巧在网上遇见一个女孩，她聪明、善良、诚实，给你感
46、觉不错，难道你不想亲自去了解她吗？ ” in person是固定短语，意为 “ 亲自，本人 ” 。 26. one下文 another提示此空填 one。这句谚语意为 “ 对某人有利的对另一个人未必 ” 。 答案： 17. the 18. why 19. (should) try 20. frank/honest 21. come 22. unpleasant 23. Anyway 24. happen to 25. in 26. one 二、 完形填空 （ 每小题 1分， 共 15分 ） In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key think
47、ers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 27 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work. In any case, despite so much evidence to the 28 ,
48、many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 29 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 30 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的 ) managers. Different cultures have different ways of 31 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-makingall members of the department or work group are asked to 32 to this process. This is management by the collect
