1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 46 及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The Workers Role in Management Traditionally, it has been the workers role to work and managements role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm s operations with little thought to consulting (咨询) the labor force. Managers
2、 have rarely felt compelled (被迫) to obtain the workers opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided “suggestion boxes“ in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing t
3、hat workers are more than sellers of laborthey play a vital role in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions greatly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands
4、on the unemployment lines. Should workers play a stronger role in management? Workers should have a role in management. At the very least the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. A common complaint among rank-and-file workers(普通工人) is the lack of information about company polici
5、es and actions. Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims (受害者) of plant closings and permanent layoffs (解雇) , often with no warning. At least 90 days notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before clos
6、ing a plant because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions (让步) that will help keep the plant operating. It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial (管理的) decision making. There oug
7、ht to be representatives(代表) of the workers on the firm s board of directors or other major policy-making groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale(一气) will rise, and their productivity will i
8、ncrease. As a further incentive(激励) they must be given a share in the companys profits. This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans, bonuses (奖金) , or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportu
9、nity to purchased(购买) the plant and run it themselves.（分数：20.00）(1).Traditional workers showed no interest in management.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(2).“Suggestion box“ is one of the many ways for workers to engage in management.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(3).Since policy decisions are b
10、usiness secrets of a firm, workers should not be informed of them.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(4).Before closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(5).Companies should tell their major policy decisions to the workers.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC
11、.Not Given(6).The workers participation(参与) in management might save a plant from closing down.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(7).Board of directors is the major policymaking group in many companies.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(8).One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decisio
12、n is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(9).An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares in the companys profits.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(10).Workers should be allowed to buy the
13、 plant if it cannot make a profit anymore.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given二、阅读选择(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Evolution of Sleep Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic (脑电图仪的) sense we share it with all the primates(灵长动物的) and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as th
14、e reptiles (爬行动物). There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators(食肉动物) are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the
15、 animal is powerfully immobilized (使固定不动) and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be
16、a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one us
17、eful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animals vulnerability, the function of sleep
18、 is to decrease it? Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The
19、point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.（分数：10.00）(1).The author states that during dream sleep, the animal sleeps_.（分数：2.00）A.without movingB.shallowlyC.intermittentlyD.on its side(2).It can be inferred from
20、the passage that animals that are prey rarely experience dream sleep because they_.（分数：2.00）A.have evolved further than predatorsB.are particularly intelligent animalsC.need less sleep than predatorsD.would be caught if deeply asleep(3).The author suggests that, because there are no hiding places in
21、 the oceans, whales and dolphins_.（分数：2.00）A.sleep only when they are very youngB.cannot afford to sleep very muchC.usually dream while awakeD.take turns to sleep(4).The passage is mainly concerned with the_.（分数：2.00）A.types and function of sleepB.psychological role of dreamsC.history of reptilian s
22、leep patternsD.influence of evolution on young animals(5).Compared with dreamless sleep, deep dream sleep is_.（分数：2.00）A.not the result of natural selectionB.less likely to appear to monkeysC.more protective to the animalsD.at a higher stage of evolution三、概括段落大意和补全句子(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Radar Children en
23、joy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them. These sounds are called echoes(回声). Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools. Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Sounds or ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools for determining how dee
24、p the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools. Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected di
25、scovery. It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington. DC. to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships. They recognized the importance
26、 of this discovery at once. All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed. The word “radar,“ in fact, gets its name from the term “radio detection (检测) and ranging“. “Ranging“ is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Today, in o
27、ur scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar. One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him. A pilot
28、cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.A. Study of SoundB. Highway Po
29、liceC. Present Radar Is Developed and UsedD. Early Use of Echo Sounding DevicesE. EchoesF. Discovery by Chance（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_A. detect nearby objectsB. det
30、ermine the depth of the ocean waterC. decide how fast you driveD. in need of radarE. map the ocean floorF. observe water flow（分数：10.00）(1).Echo-sounding devices were early used to（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Ultrasonic devices were used to 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Scientific age is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Police u
31、se radar on highways to 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Radar helps pilots to 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_四、填句补文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Olympic Games The Olympic Games are an international sports competition, which are held every four years in a different city. 1 Over 1 billion people watch the games on TV. The first Olymp
32、ic Games were held in Greece in 776 B. C. They were called the ancient games and lasted until the 4th century A. D. 2 It was when the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin revived the games to bring peace and friendship to the young people all over the world.Today, there are summer and winter games. Up to 1
33、994 both games were held in the same year, but now they are staged two years apart from each other. The Summer Games are held during the summer season of the host country. They last for 16 days. Today, there are more than 270 events during the games. Over 15,000 athletes from 190 nations take part.
34、The first separate Winter Games were held in Chamonix, France in 1924. They usually take place in February. Today, the Winter Olympics include over 60 events. Athletes from more than 60 countries participate. The International Olympic Committee or IOC is the organization that governs the games. 3 Th
35、e IOC also selects the host city for the summer and winter games, at least seven years before they take place. Cities that want the games must show that:*They have enough stadiums for all events.* 4*They can provide safety for the athletes.*They can transport athletes and spectators from one event t
36、o another.*Host cities must build an Olympic village where all athletes live during the games. The Olympic Games today have become very successful over the past years. 5 And television stations are spending more money for the rights to broadcast the games. The IOC earns more money than ever before.
37、With this money they help athletes in poorer countries.A. It decides which sports and events are held at the games.B. The modern games began in 1896.C. Thousands of athletes from all over the world compete against each other.D. Winter sports abound in Canada, where the winter Olympics will be held i
38、n 2014.E. More and more people are able to watch them on TV.F. They have enough room for all the athletes.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、填词补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Saving Money Where you save your money often depends on what you are saving for. If you are saving to buy a dictionary or to go
39、 to a concert, then you probably keep your money 1 in your room. If you are 2 for a big purchase like a mountain bike or a school trip, where would you save your money? One place to save money is the bank. Putting your money in a savings account will help your money 3 more money. If you put your mon
40、ey in a piggy bank (猪形储蓄罐) ,one year later youll still have the 4 amount of money you put in. If you put your money in a savings account, one year later, youll have more money than you put in. Why? When you keep your money in a 5, your money earns interest. 6 is the amount of money a bank pays you t
41、o use your money. The bank uses your money (and the money of other people, too) to loan money to people and businesses. Another way you can save money is to buy a certificate of deposit or CD. If you have some money that you dont need to use for a 7 time, this is a good way to make your money 8 Sinc
42、e the bank is using your money for that time period, it will 9 you interest. You will earn more interest with a CD than in a savings account. Can you guess why? Its because you promise to leave your money in the bank for a certain period of time. Banks pay 10 rates of interest.A.longB.sameC.bankD.ea
43、rnE.payF.growG.insideH.differentI.interestJ.somewhereK.savingL.raise（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、完形补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Online Dating Online dating is a dating system which allows people to make contact and communicate with each other over the Intern
44、et, usually with the object of developing a【C1】_ (romance) relationship. Online dating services usually provide matchmaking over the Internet through the use of personal computers or cell phones. Online dating sites generally requires【C2】_ (apply) to provide personal information before they can sear
45、ch the database for other individuals using criteria they set, such as age, gender, race, religion and【C3】_ (locate). Most sites allow members to upload photos of themselves and browse those of others. Sites may offer【C4】_ (addition) services, such as online chatting, telephone chatting, and message
46、 boards. Some sites provide free【C5】_ (register), but may offer services which require a【C6】_ (month) pay. For example, they may offer full access to profiles, but provide additional services to pay, such as【C7】_ (place) users profiles at the top of the list, making their profiles appear several tim
47、es in different places in the search result and giving them a more【C8】_ (advance) search engine to work with. In one real example, free users may only search for persons of【C9】_ (specify) age, gender and city, while subscribers may also search for such information as height, weight and interests. Other dating sites depend on advertising for their income. In recent years such sites have become【C10】_ (increase) popular.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）_
