1、英语(一)自考题-13 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)My Mothers EnglishWhen I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did
2、 not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her. My mother has realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she. I was forced to ask for information or even to yel
3、l at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker(股票经纪人). I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs. Tan.“And my mother was standing beside me, whispering loudly, “Why he dont send me check already two weeks ago.“And then, in perfect English
4、I said: “Im getting rather concerned. You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasnt arrived.“Then she talked more loudly. “What he want? I come to New York tell him front of his boss.“ and so I turned to the stockbroker again, “I callt tolerate any more excuse. If I dont receive the check
5、 immediately, I am going to have to speak to your manager when I am in New York next week.“The next week we ended up in New York. While I was sitting there red-faced, my mother, the real Mrs. Tan, was shouting to his boss in her broken English.When I was a teenager, my mothers broken English embarra
6、ssed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mothers English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed ideas, and made sen
7、se of the world.（分数：10.00）(1).My mother was treated unfairly because she couldnt speak English._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants could not understand what my mother said._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).My mot
8、hers English greatly improved when I was fifteen._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).My mother knew that her English was not good enough._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).I tried my best to help my mother learn English_ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).I
9、once pretended to be my mother on phone._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Her mothers English became perfect._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(8).My mothers broken English once embarrassed me when I was a child._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(9).Im still a
10、shamed of my mothers Chinese English now._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(10).My mothers language helped shape the way I saw things, expressed ideas, and made sense of the world._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.二、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)New US Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Am
11、ericans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a 15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes.The initiative highlights the cost of chronic di
12、seases-the leading causes of death in the United States-and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.“In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases.“
13、 the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.The causes are often behavioral-smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future.“ Thompson told a conference held to launch the
14、initiative.“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.“Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than 351 billion in 2003.“These leading causes
15、 of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives.“ he said.The 15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to
16、walk more.Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what the
17、y can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks.If such cancers were all caught by early scr
18、eening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?_ A. They account for 70% of all deaths. B. They are responsible for most of the health care costs. C. They often result in unhealthy
19、lifestyles. D. They are largely preventable.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT_ A. better diet B. increased exercise C. reduction on smoking D. higher survival rate for cancer（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The article indicates that more money spent
20、 on disease prevention will mean._ A. greater responsibility of the government B. much less money needed for disease treatment C. higher costs of health care D. more lifestyle choices for people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The 15 million program is aimed at_. A. promoting disease prevention B. building more
21、 sidewalks C. helping needy communities D. wiping out chronic diseases（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly_. A. the death rates for all chronic diseases B. the kinds of cancer attacking people C. the cancer incidence rate D. cancer death rate（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.三、B(
22、总题数：2，分数：10.00)How We Form First Impression1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.2 The answer is related to how your brain
23、allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a persons eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory i
24、nformation-the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals“ are compared against a host of “memories“ stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean“.3 If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe“. If y
25、ou see someone new, it says, “new potentially threatening“. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known“ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may sa
26、y, “This is new. I dont like this person“. Or else. “Im intrigued“. Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures-like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.“ But these preliminary “impressions“ can be dead wrong.4 When we stereotype people, we
27、 use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character-we categorize them as jocks
28、, geeks, or freaks, 5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance.to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a different, more mature style of t
29、hinking and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.A. Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic ImpressionsB. Comment on First ImpressionC. Illustration of First ImpressionD. Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against MemoriesE. Readily Observable Traits of First
30、ImpressionsF. Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks（分数：5.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. a strangers less mature type of thinkingB. the most complex areas of our
31、cortexC. the immature form of thinking of a very young childD. the meaning of incoming sensory informationE. the sights and sounds of the worldF. familiar and safe（分数：5.00）(1).Sensory information is one that is perceived through_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).You interpret_ by comparing it against the memorie
32、s al ready stored in your brain.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The way we stereotype people is a less mature from of think, which is similar to（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).If we see someone we know and like, our brain will say_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_
33、四、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Illusion of PerfectionAs I watch TV, images of famous, beautiful celebrities and their amazing lifestyles are drooled over. At first I find myself sharing in the admiration of these models with their skinny bodies and protruding bones. U U 1 /U /UBehind the pretty exterior is
34、a lifestyle full of insecurity, eating disorder and self-harm. Its something I shouldnt look up to or mimic in order to be what society considers flawless.A typical morning of a teenage girl such as myself consists of painting a not so immaculate face with expensive makeup to cover up any imperfecti
35、ons, continuing with a strict diet in the hope of losing more weight, and dressing in clothes I dont necessarily like in a desperate attempt to be more like the gorgeous women I see every day. U U 2 /U /UHowever, seeing the increasing problem of eating disorders, especially in the celebrity world, h
36、as opened my eyes to the importance of not succumbing to the influence of the glitter of Hollywood. Every day there are images of celebrities such as Mary Kate Olsen, Lindsay Lohan, and Nicole Richie, who are viewed as role models, even idolized, although they continue to live unhealthy. lives for t
37、he whole world to see. U U 3 /U /UU U 4 /U /UInstead of being filled with self-doubt and dissatisfaction, I have come to feel the need to be full of self-confidence and pride in my individuality and appearance, regardless of the media and the way celebrities are portrayed. I feel sure that I should
38、not allow myself to be defined by the expectations of others but rather hold fast to my own standards and convictions. I have come to realize just how much our media has become obsessed with thinness and weight loss and how I have been in danger of being affected by it as a teenage girl. U U 5 /U /U
39、This is why I now try to live my life free of the constant worry to be something Im not, and to live a healthy life.A. Such celebrities in effect promote eating disorders in young people.B. I believe in striving towards being happy with my own self-image and in resisting pressure to the worlds stand
40、ards of perfection.C. However, I believe it is important for teens not to give in to media pressure.D. But then I realize what a false and sugar-coated image I am falling victim to.E. This is part of daily life.F. Falling under this spell could easily lead to serious self-image issues as well as the
41、 stress of measuring up to the all too thin role models of today.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Use an audio(or video)recording to practise and develop your listening strategies. Listen to a piece, not just once, hut several times, varying the way you do it. For exam
42、ple, start by trying to understand general meaning or the main idea. In this stage it helps to listen out for key words and to stop the tape at frequent U U 1 /U /Uand predict what is going to come next. Later, practise listening U U 2 /U /Ufor specific information or practise note-taking. Transcrip
43、ts are probably most usefully U U 3 /U /Uduring later stages of listening. Try to build up an un derstanding of he piece through several listenings.Focus on pronunciation and notice how preceding words may influence the pronunciation of the following ones. Practise listening to intonation patterns a
44、nd U U 4 /U /Uvariations in sentence or word stress. Do these contain clues about the speakers emotions?Use video recordings to develop your skill at interpreting paralinguistic clues(e. g. gestures, head and eye movements)to enhance your understanding of the language context. What can you learn abo
45、ut U U 5 /U /Ubody language (eye contact, physical distance, hand movements, facial expressions)in the target language community? Watch a section with the sound off, trying to U U 6 /U /Ucontent, perhaps producing your own commentary or dialogue, then re-watch and compare your version with the origi
46、nal.Use a short section of a tape recording for a self-dictation exercise. Check it against a transcript when you are U U 7 /U /Uyou have listened to it enough times. Alternatively, use a short section of a video with subtitles to set yourself a dictation. Cover the subtitles while transcribing, the
47、n replay with subtitles U U 8 /U /Uto check your transcription. Remember that the subtitles may not correspond exactly to what you hear.Use a recording to practise other skills besides listening. For example, practise note-taking and then write a short summary, or listen to extract useful vocabulary.Exploit satellite TV channels in different ways to improve your listening. For example, U U 9 /U /Uon teletext subtitles, if available, to aid
