1、英语(一)自考题-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Elephant TamerThe elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety.That didnt stop the elephant. It
2、destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.Parbati Baruas father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught
3、 her the dangerous art of the elephant roundup-how to catch wild elephants.Parhati hasnt always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to hoarding school in the city. But Parhati never got used to being there and many years later she went hack to her old l
4、ife. “Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase,“ she says.But Parbati doesnt catch elephants just for fun. “My work,“ she says, “is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man.“ And this is exactl
5、y what Parhati has been doing for many years.Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is
6、called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. “Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are
7、also more loyal than humans,“ she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!（分数：10.00）(1).The elephant was angry because some dogs were barking at it._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).The dogs belonged to the villager
8、s._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Parbatis father taught her to ride an elephant._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Parbati has never been to school since she has to hunt._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Parbati thinks catching elephants is very exci
9、ting._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Parbati catches elephants just for fun._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Keeping the elephants safe from man is Parbatis only work._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(8).The elephants home in the jungle has been reduce
10、d to small pieces of land by illegal hunters._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(9).Love and devotion is important in the work of an elephant tamer._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(10).Parbatis father was once a king._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.二、B(总题数：1，分数
11、：10.00)The Only Way Is UpThink of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities dont permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first
12、 thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land, Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as man
13、y people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb st
14、airs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought US the lift-or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egypti
15、ans used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of yea
16、rs exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study hu
17、man behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us-and you just cant choo
18、se to move away“, says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most pe
19、ople try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.Dont worry about them. They are probably from a university.（分数：10.00）(1).“.these are cities concerned with the past“ in the first paragraph
20、refer to cities that_ A. are worried about their past B. have a glorious past to be proud of C. want to maintain their traditional image D. are very interested in their own history（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in._ A. the shortage of mone
21、y B. the lack of a device to carry people upward C. backward technology D. mountains taking up land space（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When Otis came up with the idea of a lift, _. A. he sold it to the architects and builders immediately B. the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids C. it was accepted favor
22、ably by the public D. most people had doubt about its safety（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now? A. Fascinating. B. Uninteresting. C. Frightening. D. Exciting.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can stu
23、dy human behaviour because _. A. here humans behave the way animals do B. people in a lift are all scared C. here some people take notes D. in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.三、B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1 Although the dangers of too l
24、ittle sleep are widely known, a new research suggest that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as wel
25、l as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8 hour sleepers, 3 These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psyc
26、hosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that m
27、ore research is needed to confirm this.4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep, for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5
28、 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1, 004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the mornin
29、g and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long
30、sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then theyll spend a higher percentage of time awake.“ he s
31、aid.A. Kripkes research toolB. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleepC. Kripkes research about reducing sleeping timeD. A way of overcoming insomniaE. Sleep problems of long and short sleepersF. A new research about too much sleep（分数：5.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项
32、1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. fail asleep againB. become more energetic the following dayC. sleep less than 7 hoursD. the potential dangers of sleeping shortageE. suffer sleep problemsF. sleep more than 8 hours（分数：5.00）(1).Previ
33、ous studies have shown_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).To get a good nights rest, people may not need to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).One survey showed tha
34、t people who habitually_ each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Why We Need VacationsThe benefits of taking a vacation start long before the suitcases are packed. U U 1 /U /UIt may only be a temporary staging post but looking ahead to a vacation gives us the sense
35、that, whatevers happening at the moment, theres an end in sight. We somehow expect to feel differently afterwards and are usually proved right.Its no coincidence that companies sometimes use away-breaks to restore motivation and team relationships. U U 2 /U /UIf nothing else, noticing how your thoug
36、hts or mood can change on vacation proves that its possible to feel differently. Yet taking a break is only part of the picture.People dont disappear while on vacation or go into suspended animation. U U 3 /U /UWhat really makes the difference is not simply geeing away from the old grind;its being a
37、ble to do something else instead. We might speak to people we wouldnt normally meet, try spots wed not do otherwise and discover interests we never knew we had.Vacations also allow us to focus on the present in a way thats hard to do at home. U U 4 /U /USightseeing walks and other recreational activ
38、ities keep our minds even more in the here and now. This does much more than provide a few pleasant experiences. Being “in the moment“ is in itself one of the keys to relaxation, and this happens more naturally on vacation.Useful as they are in relation to the future, vacations can be even more impo
39、rtant in relation to the past. Like major holidays and the change of seasons, vacations punctuate the year and give it a unique character. U U 5 /U /UVacations are one of these markers. You often hear people recall, for example, that “it was the year we went to Disneyland“ or “right after we got bac
40、k from camping“. Family vacations can be some of clearest memories people have from their childhoods and important parts of a familys shared history.A. Were still thinking and feeling the whole time were away.B. If youre able to switch off and leave everyday patterns behind, when you come back, you
41、often view old situations with fresh eyes and see them in a new light.C. A vacation is something to look forward to and keeps long stretches of routine from seeming endless.D. Every vacation is an adventure full of potential discoveries.E. Ask someone about a certain period of time and theyll pinpoi
42、nt it by going back over landmark events.F. When youre in a new environment for a short space of time, your attention tends to be on whats happening right now and in the next few days.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Genuine FriendThere are some essential characteristi
43、cs of a genuine friend and friendship.As mentioned before without trust and respect for each other no true friendship can develop.Real and true friendship involves freedom of choice, U U 1 /U /U, truth, and forgiveness. There is acceptance of the person with all the good and bad that holds within a
44、personality. There is an attitude of living the life positively and therefore forgetting and forgiving minor deviations and U U 2 /U /U.Real friendship looks at the heart, not just the “packaging. “ Genuine friendship loves for loves sake, not just for what it can get in return. This can happen only
45、 when the bonding of friendship has U U 3 /U /Ufrom past experiences which where mutually beneficial and helpful in the most troubled times. This helps the relationship to evolve above the superficialities.True friendship is both U U 4 /U /Uand exciting. It risks, it overlooks faults, and it loves u
46、nconditionally, but it also involves being truthful, even though it may hurt. As mentioned before, testing times come and the strength of a relationship is tested during these hard times. Once you U U 5 /U /Uthese testing times, the relation evolves into a higher plane where you can openly communica
47、te the truth and even hard truths U U 6 /U /Uthe feeling of any animosity.Genuine friendship, also called “agape“ love, comes from the God. This is something of a lifes bonding and is akin to our bending with life or the higher powers of nature itself.Relationships in real life involve different levels of friendships, and thats okay. But humans are designed by U U 7 /U /Ufor lasting rela tionships. The idea is to always evolve and grow in friendship and try to reach
