1、英语(二)自考题-13 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Importance of Children“s Oral HealthFebruary is National Children“s Dental Health Month, but in children good oral care is critical every day. The first comprehensive study on the nation“s oral health, released recently by the Office
2、of the U.S. Surgeon General, calls dental and oral diseases a “silent epidemic,“ even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental-related illness. In fact, a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among American
3、 children. To help counter this, the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) is launching an effort to educate children and parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children. “This is important because oral problems can impact self-esteem for children and lead to problems of eating, speak
4、ing and attending to learning,“ said Michael McGuire, president of the AAP. Common dental problems seen in children are cavities and gingivitis, which are found in the majority of U.S. children. “When these problems are not caught early and treated, they can develop into more severe problems and cau
5、se unnecessary suffering,“ said McGuire,“ However, much of the time, oral problems are avoidable problems.“ In the Rio Grande Valley in Texas, a group of more than 120 dentists volunteers to deliver dental care to thousands of low-income children each year with its Mobile Dental Unit that travels fr
6、om school to school. “According to the Surgeon General“s Report, about 37 percent of children have not had a dental visit before starting school,“ said McGuire. “When children don“t see dentists they miss the opportunity to have problems caught early before they develop into larger, more expensive p
7、roblems to treat, and parents miss the opportunity to learn how to promote good oral habits in their children.“（分数：10.00）(1).Only in February should attention be paid to children“s oral health._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Dental and oral diseases can spread very fast._（分数：1.00）A.RightB
8、.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Dental and oral diseases are common in both adults and children._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Boys miss more school hours each year due to dental-related illness._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The AAP is an organization about cancer research._（分数：1.0
9、0）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Oral problems in children can develop into more severe problems._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Oral problems can not be avoided in any way._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(8).The low-income children are very grateful to the dentists._（分数：1.00）A.R
10、ightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(9).Some children have never seen a dentist before starting school._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(10).Children should learn how to promote oral health habit._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned二、第二部分：阅读选择(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Smell of MoneyFor many years large sup
11、ermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stories. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma consultants, has been approached by Barclay“s Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that surroundin
12、g customers with the “smell if money“ will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the bank“s security and professionalism. But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks“ air conditioning systems. It must be identified and chemically analyze
13、d, and this has proved to be difficult. The problem is that banknotesand coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings. So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmonger“s will smell of fish, and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smell of food. It may
14、 be a challenge, but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company, introduced the smell of coconuts into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes
15、 now have electric dispensers that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Even prestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats. “The sens
16、e of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all human senses,“ explains researcher Jim O“Rordan.“ There is a direct pathway from the olfactory organs in the nose to the brain.“ It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong, stringing memories and feelings in
17、a way that few other stimulants can rival. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long recognized, but until recently have been unable to harness. “We“ve made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy,“ says O“Rordan, “Who knows where it will take us.“（分数：1
18、0.00）(1).Artificial smells have NOT been used in _.（分数：2.00）A.cafesB.banksC.travel agenciesD.supermarkets(2).Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money“ into banks will encourage people _.（分数：2.00）A.to spend moneyB.to feel confident about banksC.to earn more moneyD.to withdraw money fr
19、om banks(3).The difficulty of producing the “smell of money“ lies in that _.（分数：2.00）A.people“s attitudes toward money are differentB.it“s hard to identify and analyze itC.no technology can do itD.experts have no motive(4).The word “harness“ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）
20、A.seeB.studyC.controlD.understand(5).Researchers think _.（分数：2.00）A.artificial smells help to improve people“s memoryB.the technology to produce artificial smells is in the early stageC.artificial smells are harmfulD.the production of artificial smells is profitably三、第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
21、Learn about Noble Gases Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called helium. Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontr
22、olled. Therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases. People once believed that noble gases couldn“t chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases. They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic
23、table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered. The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monatomic, colorless, odorless,
24、being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the onl
25、y ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular weight while Radon is the heaviest. Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled“ or the required number of electrons is not
26、 yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there
27、remains to be a few noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases. Because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance, liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets. These magnets are v
28、ery important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a person“s brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see“ the brain, without operating on the patient.（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1 A. How were noble gases discovered? B. Why
29、the hydrogen is welcome? C. What are the applications of noble gases? D. How were noble gases understood in the past? E. What causes the low chemical reactivity of noble gases? F. What are noble gases?（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）(5).Paragraph 1（分数
30、：1.00）(6).Noble gases are not very chemically 1. A. complete B. reactive C. unnecessary D. flammable E. properties F. lightest（分数：1.00）(7).Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The required number of electrons in noble gases“ outer shell is 1.（分数：1.00）(9).Noble gases are use
31、d widely because of their 1.（分数：1.00）(10).MRI may make 1 operating on the patient.（分数：1.00）四、第四部分：填句补文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A Violin with Three StringsWe figured that he would have to get up, put on the clasps again, pick up the crutches and limp his way off stageto either find another violin or else find
32、 another string for this one. But he didn“t. 1 2 And he played with such passion and such power and such purity as they had never heard before. Of course, anyone knows that it is impossible to play a symphonic work with just three strings. 3 You could see him modulating, changing, re-composing the p
33、iece in his head. At one point, it sounded like he was de-tuning the strings to get new sounds from them that they had never made before. When he finished, there was an awesome silence in the room. And then people rose and cheered. There was an extraordinary outburst of applause from every corner of
34、 the auditorium. 4 He smiled, wiped the sweat from his brow, raised his bow to quiet us, and then he saidnot boastfully, but in a quiet, pensive, reverent tone“You know. sometimes it is the artist“s task to find out how much music you can still make with what you have left.“ What a powerful line tha
35、t is! 5 And who knows? Perhaps that is the definition of lifenot just for artists, but for all of us. A. We were all on our feet, screaming and cheering, doing everything we could to show how much we appreciated what he had done. B. I know that, and you know that, but that night Itzhak Perlman refus
36、ed to know that. C. It has stayed in my mind ever since I heard it. D. Instead, he waited a moment, closed his eyes and then signaled the conductor to begin again. E. They wait until he is ready to play. F. The orchestra began, and he played from where he had left off.（分数：10.00）五、第五部分：填词补文(总题数：1，分数：
37、15.00)Change Your ViewDo you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always expected to be successful? Having someone around 1 always fears the worst isn“t really a lot of fun. We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, “It looks 2 rain.“ But if you catch yourself t
38、hinking such things, it“s important to do something 3 it. You can change your view of life, to psychologists. It only takes a little effort, and you“ll find life more rewarding as a 4 . Optimism, they say, is partly about self-respect and confidence but it“s also a more positive way of 5 life and al
39、l it has to. Optimists are more 6 to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks. Upbringing is obviously very important in 7 your view to the world. Some people are brought up to 8 too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes wrong. Most optimi
40、sts, on the 9 hand, have been brought up not to regard failure as the end of the worldthey just 10 on with their lives. A. reason D. likely G. looking J. another B. forming E. who H. with K. like C. get F. other I. about L. depend（分数：15.00）六、第六部分：完形补文(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Studying AbroadI can hear the sou
41、nd of insects and feel autumn is nearing. This means my year of study at Nara University of Education is 1 (come) to an end. The time I“ve spent here has flown by so 2 (quick). It seems as if I came here a month ago, but in reality I have to go home soon. When I came here, I missed my family and 3 (
42、friend) back home and found it hard to overcome 4 (lonely), but on the other hand, I was interested in the new environment and had a lot of 5 (funny). I had 6 (visit) Japan three times before coming to study at this university, but I really didn“t know much when I first came here. It took me some ti
43、me to get 7 (use) to live in Japan, and many days were filled with a mixture of anxiety and 8 (excite). I sometimes made silly mistakes, but I thought this was the 9 (good) way to learn about Japanese culture. I was not the only one that was not 10 (accustom) to the different customs of Japanese peo
44、ple.（分数：15.00）七、第七部分：短文写作(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.请根据所提供的材料中的要求撰写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。 Now the problem of global warming because of excess emissions of greenhouse gases is serious. Excessive amount of carbon dioxide emissions creat a diversified economy and La Nina phenomena. Two levels of glaciers melting make
45、s polar animals lose their chance of survival at the same time. Many coastal cities into the water did not result in a few years later. Therefore, we must take the necessary measures to reduce the environmental impact of carbon dioxide. What will you do to deal with the environmental problems? （分数：3
46、0.00）_英语(二)自考题-13 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Importance of Children“s Oral HealthFebruary is National Children“s Dental Health Month, but in children good oral care is critical every day. The first comprehensive study on the nation“s oral health, released recently by the Of
47、fice of the U.S. Surgeon General, calls dental and oral diseases a “silent epidemic,“ even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental-related illness. In fact, a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among Ame
48、rican children. To help counter this, the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) is launching an effort to educate children and parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children. “This is important because oral problems can impact self-esteem for children and lead to problems of eating,
49、speaking and attending to learning,“ said Michael McGuire, president of the AAP. Common dental problems seen in children are cavities and gingivitis, which are found in the majority of U.S. children. “When these problems are not caught early and treated, they can develop into more severe problems and cause unnecessary suffering,“ said McGuire,“ However, much of the time, oral problems are avoidable problems.“ In
