1、英语(二)自考题-14 及答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The First Settlement in North AmericaIt is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus“s journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North “America conti
2、nent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497.
3、But his ship, the Matthew , with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a “legal“ title to North America. But for a long time aft
4、erwards the Europeans“ interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south. The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbus“s first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for Eng
5、land, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 15
6、90. The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more t
7、han wage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.（分数：10.00）(1).We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century._（分数：1.00）A.RightB
8、.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).With John Cabot“s arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America._（分数：1.00）
9、A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC
10、.Not mentioned(6).The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Sir Walter Raleigh sent some people to Virginia for a year in 1585._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(8).The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607._（
11、分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(9).The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(10).The first settlers in Virginia were all slaves mixed with men and women._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC
12、.Not mentioned二、第二部分：阅读选择(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Rising College SelectivityRising college selectivity doesn“t mean that students are smarter and more serious that in the past. It“s a function of excess demand for higher education, occurring at a time of increased financial privatization of the industry. The
13、 recession has only increased demand. The vast majority of students aren“t going to college because of a thirst for knowledge. They“re there because they need a job, and they need to get the credentials and one hopes, the knowledge and skills behind the credentialsthat will get them into the labor m
14、arket. As higher education has become a seller“s market, the institutions in a position to do so are doing what comes naturally: raising their tuitions and their admissions requirements, but at the expense of contributing to the national goal to increase college attainment. The result is that the Un
15、ited States is losing ground in the international race for educational talent. The increasing stratification of higher education is happening on the spending side, as well. As the selective institutions have become more expensive and less attainable, the rest have had to struggle with the responsibi
16、lity to enroll more students without being paid to do so. Gaps between rich and poor have grown even more dramatically than gaps in entering test scores. While spending is a poor measure of educational quality, we can“t seriously expect to increase educational attainment if we“re not prepared to do
17、something to address these growing inequities in funding. That said, the educational policy problem in our country is not that the elite institutions are becoming more selective. The problem is on the public policy side. The president and many governors have set a goal to return America to a positio
18、n of international leadership in educational attainment. It“s the right goal, we just need a financing strategy to get there. That doesn“t mean just more money, although some more money will be needed. It also means better attention to effectiveness and educational attainment. We know how to do it,
19、if we want to.（分数：10.00）(1).The demand for higher education has increased because _.（分数：2.00）A.the number of students keeps growingB.there is a boost in the labor marketC.of the rising college selectivityD.of the economic depression(2).According to most students, what is the most essential condition
20、 that enables them to get into the labor market? _.（分数：2.00）A.DiplomasB.Being employedC.Going to collegeD.Knowledge and skills(3).Since higher education has become a seller“s market, the national goal to increase college attainment _.（分数：2.00）A.will be fulfilled in a short timeB.will be difficult to
21、 achieveC.will draw more public concernD.will demand more financial input(4).As it is mentioned in the 4th paragraph, gaps have grown dramatically between _.（分数：2.00）A.the talented students and the slow onesB.the advanced countries and the othersC.the selective institutions and the restD.the rich fa
22、milies and the poor ones(5).What does the author think should be modified? _.（分数：2.00）A.The selectivity of elite institutionsB.The industrialization of educationC.The goal of education attainmentD.The government“s funding strategy三、第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Friendly Relations with the People A
23、round You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness that you must have to feel secure. But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself
24、is bound to be a lonely wolf. The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to
25、do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them. Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. Yo
26、u don“t know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win. An experience of this kind gives the clue to what companionship really is. It dep
27、ends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed. When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances, you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships
28、if you show that you really like people.（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1 A. Making friends with new acquaintances B. Close link between companionship and belongingness C. Everyone needs the feeling of belongingness D. An example of a satisfying relationship E. Difficulties in establishing friendships F. Wh
29、at companionship really is（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）(5).Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）(6).If a person who shows he wants everything for himself that is bound to be 1. A. without pity B. sad and lonely C. emotionally healthy D. without real love for them E
30、. a sense of security F. a lonely wolf（分数：1.00）(7).If you had no one to share your feelings, your life would be 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The warm feeling of belongingness may give you 1.（分数：1.00）(9).The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you 1.（分数：1.00）(10).You will find it hard to make
31、 friends with people 1.（分数：1.00）四、第四部分：填句补文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Self-Esteem and Body ImageHealthy Self-Esteem 1 This healthy attitude allows you to explore other aspects of growing up, such as developing good friendships, growing more independent from your parents, and challenging yourself physically and
32、 mentally. 2 A positive, optimistic attitude can help people develop strong self-esteem. For example, saying, “Hey, I“m human“ instead of “Wow, I“m such a loser“ when you“ve made a mistake, or not blaming others when things don“t go as expected. Knowing what makes you happy and how to meet your goal
33、s can help you feel capable, strong, and in control of your life. 3 Tips for Improving Your Body Image Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. 4 The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it co
34、mes in. If you“re very worried about your weight or size, check with your doctor to verify that things are OK. But it“s no one“s business but your own what your body is like. Ultimately, you have to be happy with yourself. 5 Everyone (even the most perfect-seeming celeb) has things about themselves
35、that they can“t change and need to accept, like their height, for example, or their shoe size. A. A positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle (such as exercising and eating right) are a great combination for building good self-esteem. B. Developing these parts of yourself can help boost your self-es
36、teem. C. Meeting a challenge you set for yourself is a great way to boost self-esteem! D. Next, identify which aspect of your appearance you can realistically change and which you can“t. E. But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself. F. If yo
37、u have a positive body image, you probably like and accept yourself the way you are.（分数：10.00）五、第五部分：填词补文(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Great Newspaper WarUp until about 100 years ago, newspapers in the United States appealed only to the most serious readers. They used no illustrations and the articles were ab
38、out politics or business. Two men 1 thatJoseph Pulitzer of the New York World and William Randolph Hearst of the New York Morning Journal. Pulitzer 2 the New York World in 1883. He changed it from a traditional newspaper into a very 3 one overnight. He 4 lots of illustrations and cartoons. And he to
39、ld his reporters to write articles on every crime or scandal they could find. And they did. One of them even pretended he was crazy and then he was 5 to a mental hospital. He then wrote a series of articles about the poor 6 of patients in those hospitals. In 1895, Hearst 7 to New York from Californi
40、a. He wanted the New York Morning Journal to be more sensational and more exciting 8 the New York World . He also wanted it to be cheaper, so he 9 the price by a penny. Hearst attracted attention because his headlines were bigger than anyone else“s. He often said, “Big print makes big news.“ Pulitze
41、r and Hearst did anything they 10 to sell newspapers. For example, Hearst sent Frederic Remington, the famous illustrator, to draw pictures of the Spanish-American War. When he got there, he told Hearst that no fighting was going on. Hearst answered, “You furnish the pictures. I“ll furnish the war.“
42、 A. exciting E. accepted I. came B. admitted F. bought J. than C. increased G. added K. could D. changed H. treatment L. reduced（分数：15.00）六、第六部分：完形补文(总题数：1，分数：15.00)TelevisionTelevision is the greatest communication medium ever designed and operated by man. It sends into the human brain an 1 (end) a
43、mount of opinions and information and sets moral and artistic standards for all of us. Every minute of a television programme 2 (teach) us something. It is never a neutral influence. For example, how and when public issues are handled depends in large part on how they are 3 (treat) by the television
44、 networks in entertainment as well as news and public affairs programmes. What the 4 (America) people think about government and politics in general, as well as a favorite candidate in particular, is 5 (large) influenced by television. Unfortunately commercial television seldom contributes anything
45、of value to our lives. Many Americans express a deep hostility toward television because they know 6 (many) TV programmes are of poor quality and that sometimes these programmes are even 7 (harm). The question is: how can television be improved? There are many things the ordinary 8 (view) can do. Fo
46、r example, he can complain to his local TV stations about offensive advertising. He can organize 9 (citizen) groups to urge local TV stations to improve commercials and programmes by educators, doctors, etc. to determine the influence of these programmes on 10 (child) and adults. Television can be o
47、ur most exciting medium if we just think about ways to improve it.（分数：15.00）七、第七部分：短文写作(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.请根据所提供的材料中的要求撰写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。 Recently, a few people in China have been confirmed to be infected with the H7N9 bird flu virus. The health authority has taken some measures to control the situat
48、ion. Can you give some suggestions to keep yourself from being infected? （分数：15.00）_英语(二)自考题-14 答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The First Settlement in North AmericaIt is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus“s jour
49、ney of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North “America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew , with its
