1、英语写作自考题-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：6，分数：100.00)1.The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided. Increasi
2、ngly, over the past ten years, peopleespecially young peoplehave become a ware of the need to change their eating habit, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not co
3、ntain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today. Natural food, for example, are vegetable, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unu
4、sed vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amountbut not the qualityof foods grown in commercial farming areas. Natural foods also i
5、nclude animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry, there are battery farms, for example where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than
6、 rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food, they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins. It is significant that nowadays fibre is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fibre has been removed. But it is present in unref
7、ined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence, the emphasis is placed on the eating of wholemeal bread and more vegetables by mode
8、rn experts on “healthy eating“. （分数：15.00）_2.The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided. The Breakdown of Communicatio
9、nIt is commonly acknowledged that language problems make communication between people from different cultures difficult. Because of the language barriers, people cannot express their feelings clearly to each other. However, communication problems also exist between individuals from the same culture.
10、 Although they have the same cultural back- ground, they sometimes cannot understand each other well. Communication between individuals breaks down because of many factors. The most significant ones include personality, age difference and competition between individuals. Personality has a great infl
11、uence on communication between people. First, the sharing of common interests is often essential for initiating communication. If two people hold completely different attitudes, it will not be easy for them to start communicating with each other. Second, the willingness to express their feelings and
12、 opinions freely is needed if meaningful communication is to be developed. Some people do not want to talk about controversial subjects, fearing that this will hurt their relationship with friends. Instead, they keep their discussion of topics at a very superficial level, which prevents them from kn
13、owing and under- standing each other. The lack of understanding leads to unsuccessful communication. It is clear that personality, to some extent, affects the initiation and maintenance of communication. Although age difference gives rise to communication problems between two generations, competitio
14、n poses an even greater problem when people are about the same age. Intense com- petition in the modern world creates tremendous pressure on people. In order to get ahead in a career or in school, people tend to devote most of their time to working, studying, or other activities that enhance their p
15、rospects for the future. As a consequence, they have little inclination to communicate with others. They are anxious about their achievements because those are the measures of success in life. So, keen competition also discourages people from having a good understanding of each other. Communicating
16、with other people involves much effort because people“s personality, the generation gap and keen competition bring about potential problems. These problems are constantly with us, and any of them may lead to a breakdown in communication between individuals. （分数：15.00）_3.Read the following passage ca
17、refully and compose a “topic outline“ for it. How to Lose GracefullyLosing is a necessary part of life. Nobody likes to lose, yet in every even remotely competitive situation, someone will. Perhaps it“s the next promotion at work, or the selection of a student union leader. Even small things, like p
18、laying a card game, have an air of winning and losing to them. However, it“s what you do with that failure that makes all the difference. Assuming one is the “loser“, all of these situations present a choice. One can either be a sore loser or a graceful loser. Losing gracefully is the first step to
19、move forward and overcome the loss. In fact, graceful losers are hardly impacted by the loss at all, because they know another opportunity a- waits them. They congratulate their opponent, embrace their failure and try to figure out where they went wrong. Graceful losers do not take failure personall
20、y, but they do accept responsibility. They learn from the loss, and then apply what they“ve learned so that next time they may win. Sore losers are quite the opposite. Perhaps the biggest risk of being a sore loser is this loss of hope for the future. Sore losers are stuck on the loss, and in so bei
21、ng, they may miss out on a new opportunity because of their poor attitude. Sore losers get angry. They blame their loss on the opponent, not taking responsibility for their own actions. Sore losers hold on to resentment, and may internalize their failure, leading to low self-esteem or even depressio
22、n. Of course, making lemonade out of life“s lemons is not always easy. In fact, it can be downright hard. But it is a principle worth living by. How can you lose gracefully, even when you really, really wanted to win? Essentially, you need to realize that you never really lose. In fact, once you lea
23、rn how to release the feelings about losingthe anger, the embarrassment, and the resentmentyou will always feel successful. And then an amazing thing will happen. When you FEEL successful, you will ACT successful, and then, sure enough, you will BE successful. As you let go of the feelings that caus
24、e the sensation of loss, you dis- cover that you never really lose anything. The objects in your life are always changing, but what you are at your core is change- less. The more you release on the fears and negativity about winning and losing, the easier it will be to accept things that do happen.
25、When you lose or win, you“ll then be able to do so gracefully. By releasing your negative feelings, you allow the comings and goings of your life to simply happen as they do. This gives great relief and also allows you to be present with and for the new opportunities that are here every moment. Ever
26、yone has failed at some point in his or her life. This is nothing exceptional. Even in adverse situations, one should keep in mind the principle of losing gracefully. A graceful loser will turn into a potential winner while a sore loser a bigger failure. （分数：15.00）_4.Write a concluding paragraph for
27、 the following essay. Spare-time JobWith the change of people“s ideas, those who do the spare-time job are no longer looked down upon. Not only workers but also teachers and engineers are getting more involved in the spare-time job. They work in their spare time to make more money to improve their o
28、wn living standard. However, some people are not for this. They think that they will fail to do their full time job well if people are engaged in their spare-time jobs, for they can“t concentrate their mind during the regular working hours, or they are too tired to recover from overwork. What“s more
29、, the spare-time job would make people interested in nothing but money. They will be concerned with nothing but themselves. （分数：15.00）_5.Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline“ for it. Restore happiness to your marriage by using whiteshirt laundry detergent. Your husband w
30、ill love you all the more for it. “End those lonely Saturday nightsuse bretheen mouth- wash.“ “Only Aloha Sea-lines super-duper jets will fly you upside down to Hawaii!“ Thus the barrage of TV commercials continues day and night in almost every American home. I think most of the commercials are irri
31、tating or insulting or dangerous. I believe they can be improved so that they will be not only less offensive to the public but also more effective as advertisements. Even while I am registering my objections to commercials, I recognize that commercials are necessary. Since the money which pays for
32、a TV program comes from the sale of the sponsor“s products, the sponsor must have air-time in which to advertise. But sometimes the advertising is objectionable, first, because it is irritating for the end- less repetition of the same commercial and the too frequent interruption of programs. I sup-
33、pose that once advertisers have a slogan that has proved effective, they are reluctant to give it up, but if they realized how meaningless the familiar words become after a thousand repetitions, maybe they would find that an occasional change would be effective. The truth is that no one pays any att
34、ention to the worn-out slogans, and everyone is irritated rather than interested when the familiar lines begin. I think, too, that advertisers lose more than they gain when they insist on interrupting a program every ten minutes to plug their wares, Irritation of the viewer-buyer is surely not the w
35、ay to sell anything. If sponsors would all agree to confine commercials to the beginning and the end of programs, the public“s appreciation would be reflected in its buying. If they would realize how weary we get of the same old commercials, they might find an occasional change to be surprisingly ef
36、fective. Another kind of objectionable commercial is the kind that insults our mentality with its meaningless claims. Analyze the claims made by many TV commercials, and you will find yourself asking, quite logically, “Well, so what?“ In our simple-minded way, we are expected to accept blindly the w
37、ord of a cowpuncher or a water skier as sure proof of the quality of a really soft drink. Every Little Leaguer knows that the leading hitter in the American League has not really achieved his enviable record because of the breakfast food he eats. And parents know that not all family problems will be
38、 solved by downing a couple of headache pills. Even shy and desperate danny doubts that a change in deodorant, shaving lotion, or mouthwash will make him irresistible to the prettiest models on TV. Claims that are completely without reason are insulting to thinking people. The writers of commercials
39、 should give their viewers credit for some brains. Finally, TV commercials can be dangerous. They can endanger the finances of the American family. The goal of advertisers is to create a demand if none exists. You should have the latest dishwasher, the newest electric hair dryer, a second car, and s
40、uch status symbols as a backyard swimming pool and a winter vacation. To listen to the honeyed pleas of the hand- some, suntanned, obviously happy announcers, you wonder how any of us can possibly live another minute without all the luxuries of a millionaire. But, then, the solution is so easy. Just
41、 apply for a personal loan-fast, courteous, no questions asked-and let the Easy Loan Finance Company pay all your bills at once. “We“ll even write the checks.“ This lure could be irresistible to a young breadwinner trying to keep up with the standard of living fostered by the commercials the family
42、watches every night as they try to catch a program in between. Commercials endanger our health as well as our budgets. Although the writers are careful to advise us to see our doctors “if the pain persists,“ they do strongly suggest that we ailing viewers can get the relief we want just as well by f
43、ollowing the do-it-yourself patentmedicine approach. Hypochondriacs must go crazy after a day of television. They are presented with a sure cure for every ailment. They can fill their medicine cabinets until they are bursting with cure-alls, fill their objecting stomachs with pills, and cover their
44、bodies with creams until they are either dead or unrecognizable. Certainly the daily bombardment leads many people into a way of living that is dangerous to both pocketbook and health. I have tried to make a case for the TV commercial which appeals to the intelligence of its audience. I have tried t
45、o show that commercials should be improved so that they will arouse the approval instead of the antagonism of the viewer. （分数：20.00）_6.Compose an essay (60 points). Some people often say, “Opportunity plays a vital role in success“. Do you go along with the idea. Write an essay (about 300 words) exp
46、ressing your view on it. （分数：20.00）_英语写作自考题-15 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：6，分数：100.00)1.The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity
47、with the passage provided. Increasingly, over the past ten years, peopleespecially young peoplehave become a ware of the need to change their eating habit, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in n
48、atural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today. Natural food, for example, are vegetable, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter,
