1、英语词汇学真题 2010年 04月及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a _ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.A. small B. meaningfulC. vocal D. large（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2._ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category
2、that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal. ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. Terminology B. JargonC. Slang D. Argot（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.“Im sure that they will come today. “There are _ content words in the above sentence.A. 2 B. 3C. 4 D. 5（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D
3、.4.Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary develops?A. Acronymy. B. Blending.C. Elevation. D. Borrowing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT _.A. kungfu B. TV dinnerC. fast foo
4、d D. Watergate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.In modem times, _ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. semantic change B. borrowingC. expansion D. creation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The plural morpheme “-s“ is realized by/iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT _.A. /s/ B. /g/C. /z/ D. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The
5、word “idealistic“ comprises _ morphemes.A. 1 B. 2C. 3 D. 4（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT _.A. happier B. workerC. harder D. taller（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.“Washing machine“ is a word formed by _.A. prefixation B. compoundingC. conversion D. blending（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
6、D.11.“TV“ is a(n) _.A. initialism B. acronymC. derivative D. compound（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The prefix “mis-“ in the word “mistrust“ is a _ prefix.A. negative B. reversativeC. pejorative D. locative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word-meaning“?A. Reference. B.
7、Concept.C. Sense. D. Pronunciation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away“ has the same _ but different stylistic values.A. reference B. conceptC. motivation D. style（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The word “airmail“ is _ motivated.A. onomatopoeically B. etymologicallyC. semantically D. morp
8、hologically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation are concerned. But _, all words are related in one way or another.A. linguistically B. semanticallyC. grammatically D. pragmatically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17._, the basic meani
9、ng of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning.A. Onomatopoeically B. DiachronicallyC. Synchronically D. Etymologically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their _.A. ideology B. etymologyC. myt
10、hology D. methodology（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Vocabulary is the most _ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.A. unbalanced B. unstableC. unhinged D. undoubted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.In Shakespeares well-known Hamlet, rival means “_“ and jump means “just“.A. janit
11、or B. partnerC. collector D. observer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.In the sentence “Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now.“ the word grown can be classified into _ sense of transfer.A. physical B. objectiveC. sensational D. subjective（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.In some cases, the meaning of a word may be i
12、nfluenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is called _ context.A. non-linguistic B. lexicalC. grammatical D. cultural（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.The sentence “He is a hard businessman.“ is ambiguous due to _.A. grammatical structure B. lexical contextC. homonymy D. polysemy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The e
13、xtra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire _.A. physical situation B. grammatical structureC. mental activity D. cultural background（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Which of the following is NOT one aspect of the rhetorical features of idioms?A. Phonetic manipulation. B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syn
14、tactical manipulation. D. Figures of speech.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.“In nothing flat“ as an idiom is _ in nature.A. verbal B. nominalC. adjectival D. adverbial（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.The idiom “Failure is the mother of success.“ is a _ as far as figures of speech are concerned.A. simile B. metaphorC. metony
15、my D. personification（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook?A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B. Websters Third New International Dictionary.C. A Chinese-English Dictionary.D. Collins COBUILD English Language
16、 Dictionary.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Websters Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _ dictionary.A. unabridged B. deskC. pocket D. encyclopedic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.British dictionaries generally use _ to mark the pronunciation.A. British Phonetic Alphabet B. American Phonetic AlphabetC. Int
17、ernational Phonetic Alphabet D. Websters Phonetic Alphabet（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A. maltreatB. Jap/niggerC. tremble (not quiver) with fearD. famous/determinedE. extraordinary/telecommunicationF. prefixes of degreeG. inflectional affixesH. reversative prefixesI. contradictory termsJ. relative terms（分数：10.0
18、0）(1).appreciative meanings（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).parent/child（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).pejorative prefixes（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).man/woman（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).hyperactive/superfreeze（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).collocative meaning（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).decompose/unwrap（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).pejorative meaning（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(
19、9).radios/desks（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).locative prefixes（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_31.Grammarians insist that a word be a 1 form that can function in a sentence.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_32.In Modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to t
20、he present 1 language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_33.The Morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and 1 morphemes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_34.New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_35.Though having little lexical meaning, 1 words have strong grammatical meaning.（分数：1.00）填
21、空项 1:_36.The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old,the internal 1 of the whole set alter.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_37.The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or 1.（分数：1.00）填空项
22、1:_38.The sentence “I like Mary better than Jean.“ will lead to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_39.The fixity of idioms depends on the 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_40.Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into 1 and encyclopedic dictionaries.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_41.borrowed words（分数：2.00）_42.conversion（分数：2.00）_43.mot
23、ivation（分数：2.00）_44.narrowing（分数：2.00）_45.replacement of idioms（分数：2.00）_46.What are derivational affixes?（分数：5.00）_47.What is the grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.（分数：5.00）_48.What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale “The S
24、leeping Beauty“ is very interesting.（分数：5.00）_49.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms.Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.（分数：5.00）_六、. (总题数：2，分数：20.00)50.Analyze and comment, with a d
25、iagram, on the italicized words “increase“, “extend“ and “expand“ in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.a The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.b The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet thi
26、s year.c The metal will expand if heated.（分数：10.00）_51.State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.（分数：10.00）_英语词汇学真题 2010年 04月答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a _ group of letters pr
27、inted or written horizontally across a piece of paper.A. small B. meaningfulC. vocal D. large（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：2._ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal. ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. Terminolo
28、gy B. JargonC. Slang D. Argot（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 俚语(slang)是一种次标准语言，介于诸如非正式的行话(cant)、隐语(argot)、术语(jargon)等概括性语言之间，适用于特定的圈子中的每个成员。俚语之所以被如此命名并不是基于其发音和拼写的特点，而是由其用法决定的。3.“Im sure that they will come today. “There are _ content words in the above sentence.A. 2 B. 3C. 4 D. 5（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 实义词(
29、content words)能够表示具体、明确的概念，这类词包括名词、动词、形容词、副词和数词。4.Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary develops?A. Acronymy. B. Blending.C. Elevation. D. Borrowing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 现代英语词汇的发展模式主要有三种：创造新词(creation)、语义变化(semantic change)和借词(borrowing)。A、B 两
30、项是构词法的类型，C 项是词义变化的形式之一。5.Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT _.A. kungfu B. TV dinnerC. fast food D. Watergate（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：6.In modem times, _ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. semantic change B. borrowingC. expansion D
31、. creation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 创造新词是指用英语中现存的词汇材料，即词根、词缀和其他元素来构成新词的过程。在现代社会，创造新词是促使词汇增加的最重要的一种方式。7.The plural morpheme “-s“ is realized by/iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT _.A. /s/ B. /g/C. /z/ D. （分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：8.The word “idealistic“ comprises _ morphemes.A. 1 B. 2C. 3 D. 4（分数：1.00）A.B
32、.C. D.解析：9.The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT _.A. happier B. workerC. harder D. taller（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：10.“Washing machine“ is a word formed by _.A. prefixation B. compoundingC. conversion D. blending（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 复合法是指通过直接连接两个或多个词根构成新词的构词方法，通过这种方法构成的词叫复合词(compounds)
33、。复合词的不同部分可以写成一个词的形式，可以使用连字符，也可以写成两个或多个不同的词的形式。11.“TV“ is a(n) _.A. initialism B. acronymC. derivative D. compound（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 首字母缩略词(initialisms)的读法是逐字母拼读。构成首字母缩略词的字母可以是组成词的各部分的首字母的集合，也可以是其某一部分的字母的集合。12.The prefix “mis-“ in the word “mistrust“ is a _ prefix.A. negative B. reversativeC. pe
34、jorative D. locative（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 像“mal-”，“mis-”和“pseudo-”等都是表示贬义的前缀。和否定前缀不同，贬义前缀表达消极的和轻蔑的主观感情。13.Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word-meaning“?A. Reference. B. Concept.C. Sense. D. Pronunciation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 词的意义包括三方面的内容：所指(reference)、概念(concept)和语义(sense)
35、。所指表示的是语言和客观世界的关系；概念则超越了语言本身，是人类认知的结果，是客观世界在人脑中的反映；语义处理的是语言内部的关系。14.Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away“ has the same _ but different stylistic values.A. reference B. conceptC. motivation D. style（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 概念无论文化、种族和语言有何等差异，对所有人来说都是一样的，而语义则受不同语言的限制。因此，一个概念可以因语言的不同用很多种表达方式来表示，即使在同一门语
36、言里，同一个概念也可以有不同的词语表达形式。题目中的“die-pass away”这组词语所含概念相同，但是所含有的社会文化和语体价值却不一样。15.The word “airmail“ is _ motivated.A. onomatopoeically B. etymologicallyC. semantically D. morphologically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 复合词和派生词(derived words)均是多词素词，它们中许多词语的意思都是其构成词素的意思的集合。在许多情况下，如果知道一个词中每一个词素的意思，就可以猜出整个词语的意思。例如，air
37、mail就是通过空运传递的邮件，即 mail by air。16.Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation are concerned. But _, all words are related in one way or another.A. linguistically B. semanticallyC. grammatically D. pragmatically（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：17._, the basic
38、 meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning.A. Onomatopoeically B. DiachronicallyC. Synchronically D. Etymologically（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 从共时性角度来看，一词多义是一个词的不同意义在一定历史时期(比如说现代英语时期)共存的现象。这时，一个词的基本意思就构成了该词意义的核心，称为中心意义。18.One important criterion to tell the fundamental dif
39、ference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their _.A. ideology B. etymologyC. mythology D. methodology（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 区别同形同音异义词和多义词的一个重要的标准就是看两者词源的特点。同形同音异义词来源不同，而多义词则是指同一个词在长期的发展过程中形成了不同的含义。19.Vocabulary is the most _ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both i
40、n form and content.A. unbalanced B. unstableC. unhinged D. undoubted（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：20.In Shakespeares well-known Hamlet, rival means “_“ and jump means “just“.A. janitor B. partnerC. collector D. observer（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：21.In the sentence “Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now.
41、“ the word grown can be classified into _ sense of transfer.A. physical B. objectiveC. sensational D. subjective（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 “Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now.”表示的是说话者对所叙述的对象特征的个人主观判断，是主观语义转移(subjective sense of transfer)。客观语义转移(objective sense of transfer)则相反。通感转移(sensati
42、onal sense of transfer)则指的是语义在感觉之间，如视觉和听觉之间的转移。没有 A项的说法，因此 D项为正确答案。22.In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is called _ context.A. non-linguistic B. lexicalC. grammatical D. cultural（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 在某些情况下，一个单词的意思会受到其所在的句子结构的影响。这种句子结构
43、就是我们所说的语法语境(grammatical context)。在词汇语境(lexical context)中，词的意思主要受到其临近的词的影响，因此本题的正确答案是 C。23.The sentence “He is a hard businessman.“ is ambiguous due to _.A. grammatical structure B. lexical contextC. homonymy D. polysemy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 在“He is a hard businessman.”中，引起歧义的是“hard”这个词，因为它是多义词，在没有
44、充分的语境的前提下它可以被解释成“工作努力的”或者“难对付的”。24.The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire _.A. physical situation B. grammatical structureC. mental activity D. cultural background（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：25.Which of the following is NOT one aspect of the rhetorical features of idioms?A. Phonetic manipulation. B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syntactical manipulation. D. Figures of speech.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：26.“In nothing flat“ as an idiom is _ in nature.A. v
