1、英语词汇学自考题-16 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a _ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. A. small B. meaningful C. vocal D. large（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The word “beauty“ (which means exc
2、ellent, great) is _. A. a dialectal word B. argot C. an archaism D. slang（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?_ A. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings. B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form. C. Loan words are all unrecognizable as being f
3、oreign in origin. D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The second major language known in England was _ of the Roman Legions. A. Greek B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.By the end of the _ century, English took the place of French and gra
4、dually came back into the schools, the law courts, and government and regained social status. A. 12th B. 14th C. 13th D. 15th（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new _ to meet the new need. A. form B. meaning C. look D. pronunciation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.American Englis
5、h like to use _. A. creation B. reviving archaic or obsolete words C. semantic change D. borrowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Bound morphemes are chiefly found in _ words. A. root B. inflectional C. derived D. compound（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The root of the word “antecedent“ is _. A. ante B. ced C. dent D. ent（分数
6、：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more _. A. bound roots B. derivational morphemes C. stems D. inflectional morphemes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The word “motel“ is created by _. A. compounding B. clipping C. blending D. suffixation（分数：1.0
7、0）A.B.C.D.12.Which of the following is an acronym?_ A. P.C. B. GHQ. C. UFO. D. V-Day.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.A concept is universal to all men alike regardless of _. A. culture B. race C. language D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14._ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its mea
8、ning. A. Reference B. Concept C. Sense D. Motivation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Which of the following words is not morphologically motivated?_ A. Black market. B. Greenhorn. C. Hopeless. D. Neigh.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.In concatenation, between the latest sense and the original sense, there is _. A. no any co
9、nnection B. no direct connection C. direct connection D. absolute connection（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.As far as denotation is concerned, relative synonyms may differ _. A. in the diachronic approach B. in the stylistic and emotive colouring of words C. in usage in simple terms D. in the range and intensit
10、y of meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.Which term can be used to best describe the relationship between the underlined adjectives in “Unlike her Ugregarious/U sister, Jane is an Uunsociable/U person“? A. Synonym. B. Antonym. C. Homonymy. D. Polysemy.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.If a word which used to have a more _
11、 sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning. A. specific B. pejorative C. general D. appreciative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example _. A. “ad“ for “advertisement“ B. “dish
12、“ for “food“ C. “fond“ for “affectionate“ D. “an“ editorial for “an editorial article“（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.“Angel“, “martyr“ and “paradise“ have their meanings elevated to meet _. A. psychological need B. social need C. economic need D. religious need（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The words which occur before o
13、r after a word and may affect its meaning form belong to _. A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.The ambiguity in sentence “She likes white roses and lilies.“ is due to _. A. polysemy B. homonymy C. hyponymy D. grammatical structure（分
14、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou wester usually brings rain.“, the meaning of “sou wester“ can be inferred from the clue of _. A. relevant details B. synonymy C. antonymy D. hyponymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.An idiom differs from a
15、 free phrase in that the former is _ and the latter is not._ A. structurally changeable B. semantically analyzable C. structurally fixed D. easily understood（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.“Cut and carve“ has _ rhetorical colouring. A. rhyme B. alliteration C. reiteration D. juxtaposition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.In
16、the idiom “earn ones bread“, _ is used. A. synecdoche B. personification C. metaphor D. simile（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28._ is a monolingual dictionary. A. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation B. A New English-Chinese Dictionary C. A Chinese-English Dictionary
17、 D. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content except _. A. spelling B. syntactical usage C. pronunciation D. definition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Both LDCE and CCELD are _. A. monolingual dictionaries B. general dictionar
18、ies C. encyclopedic dictionaries D. both A and B（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B(总题数：10，分数：15.00)31.The basic word stock forms the common 1 of the language.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_32.In Modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the
19、present _ language.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_33.Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_34.De-, dis-, un- are 1 prefixes.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_35.Only when a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a 1, does the sign become meaningful.（分数：1.50）填空项
20、 1:_36.Associative meaning is the 1 meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_37.Concatenation describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to 1 like chains.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_38.The unmarked term Of an antonymous pair often covers the 1 of the marked.（分数：1.5
21、0）填空项 1:_39.Linguistic context can be further divided into 1 context and grammatical context.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_40.The difficulty in using idioms appropriately lies first in the difficulty of grasping the elusive and 1 meaning.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_三、B(总题数：5，分数：15.00)41.functional words（分数：3.00）_42.adjective
22、 suffix（分数：3.00）_43.etymological motivation（分数：3.00）_44.hyponymy（分数：3.00）_45.synecdoche（分数：3.00）_四、B(总题数：4，分数：20.00)46.What are four classes of borrowed words?（分数：5.00）_47.How is back-formation classified? What are the characteristics of back-formation?（分数：5.00）_48.What is the difference between ass
23、ociative meaning and conceptual meaning?（分数：5.00）_49.What are the differences between phrasal verbs and verb phrases?（分数：5.00）_五、B(总题数：2，分数：20.00)50.After he comes back, he oiled machine. In above sentence, which word is a converted word? Explain the type of the conversion and the effect of the conv
24、ersion.（分数：10.00）_51.Collocation can affect the meaning of words. Comment on the statement with your own example.（分数：10.00）_英语词汇学自考题-16 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a _ group of letters printed or written horizont
25、ally across a piece of paper. A. small B. meaningful C. vocal D. large（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 题干译文：当我们从视觉角度谈论词时，词的定义是怎样的?谈论词时，我们往往从词的视觉角度来定义。从这个意义上讲，词可以定义为书写或印刷在纸上、横排的一组有意义的字母。答案为B。2.The word “beauty“ (which means excellent, great) is _. A. a dialectal word B. argot C. an archaism D. slang（分数：1.00）A
26、. B.C.D.解析：解析 方言词(dialectal word)指的是只有某个地区的说特定方言的群体所说的词。如 beauty 只在澳大利亚的方言中意为 excellent，good。答案为 A。3.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?_ A. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings. B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form. C. Loan words are all unrecognizable a
27、s being foreign in origin. D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 题干译文：下列哪项是正确的?由于英语词汇广泛的借用特点，英语词汇具有显著的复杂性和多样性，这一点也是英语为外界所知的显著特点。语义并没有和词汇形式一起借出。被借的外国语言一直都保留着他们自己的发音和拼写形式。这些词立刻就会被当成是外语。所以 A、B 和 C 项不正确。而根据借用的同化作用的程度和方式，我们可以把外来语分为四类。答案为 D。4.The second majo
28、r language known in England was _ of the Roman Legions. A. Greek B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 英国第二大语言是罗马军团带来的拉丁语。答案为 B。5.By the end of the _ century, English took the place of French and gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, and government and regained soc
29、ial status. A. 12th B. 14th C. 13th D. 15th（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 13 世纪末，英语逐渐回到了学校、法庭和政府部门，重新获得了重要的社会地位。答案为C。6.Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new _ to meet the new need. A. form B. meaning C. look D. pronunciation（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 旧词新义是指赋予旧有词汇新的含义以满足新的需要。答案为 B。7.American E
30、nglish like to use _. A. creation B. reviving archaic or obsolete words C. semantic change D. borrowing（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 复活古词和废弃词对整个英语词汇来说虽然影响不大，但确实是一种发展方式，美国英语尤其喜用这一方式。如 loan(借贷)作及物动词在 13 世纪十分流行，后来此义就废弃不用了，而由 lend代替，但 loan 的这一用法却在美国英语中复活了。答案为 B。8.Bound morphemes are chiefly found in _ words.
31、A. root B. inflectional C. derived D. compound（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 粘附词素主要出现在派生词里。答案为 C。9.The root of the word “antecedent“ is _. A. ante B. ced C. dent D. ent（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 英语中有许多词都是仅由粘附词素构成的，如 antecedent，可以分为 ante-，-ced 和-ent，其中-ced 是词根，意为“去、到”，ante-是前缀，意为“前”，-ent 是名词后缀，意为“人、物”，因此整个词 an
32、tecedent 意为“走到前面的物(先行词)”。答案为 B。10.Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more _. A. bound roots B. derivational morphemes C. stems D. inflectional morphemes（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 复合法(compounding)，同样也被称作 composition，是指由两个或更多的词干相结合而构成新词。以此种方式形成的词被称为复合词。所
33、以，复合词是由多于一个以上的词干组成，而且语法和语义功能为单个词的词汇单位。答案为 C。11.The word “motel“ is created by _. A. compounding B. clipping C. blending D. suffixation（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 motel 一词是通过拼缀法(blending)构成的，由 motor 和 hotel 两个词合并产生。答案为C。12.Which of the following is an acronym?_ A. P.C. B. GHQ. C. UFO. D. V-Day.（分数：1.00）A
34、.B.C.D. 解析：解析 题干译文：下列哪项是首字母拼音词?Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word. 首字母拼音词是由首字母组合在一起作为一个标准单词拼音的词。PC 代表 postcard(明信片)；GHQ 代表 General Headquarters(总部)；UFO 代表 unidentified flying object(不明飞行物)是首字母缩略词；V-day 代表 Victory Day(胜利日)是取第一词的首字母再加第二个词的整个词构成的首字母拼音词(acrony
35、m)。答案为 D。13.A concept is universal to all men alike regardless of _. A. culture B. race C. language D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 概念对所有人类都一样，没有文化、种族、语言等方面的差别。答案为 D。14._ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. A. Reference B. Concept C. Sense D. Motivation
36、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 题干译文：下列哪项讨论的是语言符号和意义之间的关联?Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning理据讨论的是语言符号和意义之间的关联。答案为 D。15.Which of the following words is not morphologically motivated?_ A. Black market. B. Greenhorn. C. Hopeless. D. Neigh.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：
37、解析 题干译文：下列哪项不属于形态理据?形态理据指假如一个人知道每一个词素的意义，便能推出该词的意义。hopeless 是由名词 hope(希望)与表示否定意义的后缀 less 构成，意为“没有希望的”，属于形态理据；但需要指出的是，有许多词的意义并不是几个语素意义的相加。如 black market 的意义是“非法买卖(黑市)”；greenhorn 不是“绿色的牛角”，而是“新手”。neigh(马嘶声)属于拟声理据。答案为 D。16.In concatenation, between the latest sense and the original sense, there is _. A
38、. no any connection B. no direct connection C. direct connection D. absolute connection（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 在连锁型词义变化过程中，一个词的词义从原始意义逐渐转化，以至于在很多情况下，后起的义项与原始意义已经没有直接联系了。答案为 B。17.As far as denotation is concerned, relative synonyms may differ _. A. in the diachronic approach B. in the stylistic and e
39、motive colouring of words C. in usage in simple terms D. in the range and intensity of meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 题干译文：就外延而论，下列哪项属于同义词的区别?Difference in denotation: synonyms may differ in the range and intensity of meaning. 外延上的区别：同义词在意义的范围和强弱程度上有区别。答案为 D。18.Which term can be used to best describ
40、e the relationship between the underlined adjectives in “Unlike her Ugregarious/U sister, Jane is an Uunsociable/U person“? A. Synonym. B. Antonym. C. Homonymy. D. Polysemy.（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 题干译文：下列哪项能够准确描述句中划线词的关系?Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is an unsociable person. (与爱交际的姐姐不同，简是一个不爱社交
41、的人。)gregarious(爱交际的)与 unsociable(不爱交际的)是反义词(antonym)。答案为 B。19.If a word which used to have a more _ sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning. A. specific B. pejorative C. general D. appreciative（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 词义的缩小也称词
42、义的具体化，与词义的扩大相反。这是意义范围较大的词向意义范围较小的方向演变的过程。换句话说，以前意义较广的词在当代英语中变成了意义有限的词。答案为 C。20.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example _. A. “ad“ for “advertisement“ B. “dish“ for “food“ C. “fond“ for “affectionate“ D. “an“ editorial for “an editorial article“（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析
43、题干译文：下列哪项属于词义转移?There is associated transfer, in which the meaning is transferred through association, for example, dish for food. 有一种词义转移叫联想转移，是通过联想产生的词义转移，如“dish”转义为“食物”。答案为 B。21.“Angel“, “martyr“ and “paradise“ have their meanings elevated to meet _. A. psychological need B. social need C. economic need D. religious need（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 人们不断变化的心理动机在影响词汇的意义变化方面也起到一定的作用。而除了爱、恨、尊重、怀疑、鄙视等心理因素外，宗教影响也是另一种心理需要。Angel, martyr and paradise have their mea
