1、英语词汇学自考题模拟 18及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives?（分数：1.00）A.-ion.B.-ism.C.-ity.D.-ist.2.An idiom consists of at least two words. Each word has a single meaning but they often function as one word. This is called _.（分数：1.00）A.sema
2、ntic unityB.structural stabilityC.rhetorical functionD.none of the above3.By the end of the _ century, English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, and government and regained social status.（分数：1.00）A.12thB.13thC.14thD.15th4.“Utopia“, “odyssey“ and “Babbit“ are words from _.（分数：1.00
3、）A.names of booksB.names of placesC.names of peopleD.tradenames5.The prefixes in words “anti-government“, “pro-student“ and “contraflow“ are _.（分数：1.00）A.prefixes of degree or sizeB.prefixes of orientation and attitudeC.prefixes of time and orderD.miscellaneous prefixes6.Which of the following words
4、 is a functional word?（分数：1.00）A.Often.B.Never,C.Although.D.Desk.7.In the sentence “He is fond of pen.“ pen is a _ motivated word.（分数：1.00）A.morphologicallyB.onomatopoeicallyC.semanticallyD.etymologically8._ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e. g. , bow /bau/;
5、bow/b ? u/.（分数：1.00）A.HomophonesB.HomographsC.Perfect homonymsD.Antonyms9.“Play fast and loose“ shows the feature of _.（分数：1.00）A.repetitionB.reiterationC.juxtapositionD.rhyme10._ is NOT a pair of homophones.（分数：1.00）A.“Bear“(a large heavy animal) and “bear“ (to put up with)B.“Right“ (correct) and w
6、rite (to put down on paper with a pen)C.“Son“ (a male child of someone) and “sun“ (the heavenly body from which the earth gets warmth and light)D.“Compliment“ (an expression of praise) and “complement“ (make up a whole)11.The information about the word class of a word is part of its _ meaning.（分数：1.
7、00）A.lexicalB.grammaticalC.centralD.derived12.The word “reading-lamp“ is _.（分数：1.00）A.morphologically motivatedB.etymologically motivatedC.semantically motivatedD.none of the above13.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _.（分数：1.00）A.understand idioms correctly
8、B.remember idioms quicklyC.try a new method of classificationD.use idioms correctly and appropriately14.Degradation can be illustrated by the following example _.（分数：1.00）A.lewdignorantB.sillyfoolishC.lastpleasureD.knaveboy15.Idioms nominal in nature function as _.（分数：1.00）A.nounsB.attributesC.modif
9、iersD.words16.The words “famous“ and “determined“ both have the meaning of _.（分数：1.00）A.derogatory meaningB.appreciative meaningC.neutral meaningD.stylistic meaning17.Which of the following is one of the three channels that the expansion of Modern English follows?（分数：1.00）A.Acronymy.B.Blending.C.Ele
10、vation.D.Borrowing.18.Extension can be illustrated by the following example _.（分数：1.00）A.butcherone who kills goatsB.journalperiodicalC.companionone who shares breadD.allergictoo sensitive to medicine19.The idiom “a new broom sweeps clean“ was created probably by _.（分数：1.00）A.seamenB.housewivesC.far
11、mersD.hunters20.The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.-fulB.-wiseC.-lessD.-ike21.Generally speaking, the meaning of “meaning“ is _.（分数：1.00）A.senseB.conceptC.referenceD.motivation22.The first and foremost function of suffixes is to _.（分数：1.00）A.change the class of rootsB.chang
12、e the meaning of stemsC.change the grammatical function of stemsD.change the root structure23.Suffixes fall into categories of noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective suffixes, etc., based on their _ function.（分数：1.00）A.grammaticalB.structuralC.meaningfulD.practical24.Which of the following is incor
13、rect?（分数：1.00）A.Transfer may occur between abstract meanings and concrete meanings.B.Transfer may occur between subjective meanings and objective meanings.C.Transfer may occur as associated transfer.D.Transfer may occur as structural transfer.25.Which of the following about the definition of a word
14、are right? (1) a minimal free form of a language (2) a sound unity (3) a unit of meaning (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence（分数：1.00）A.(1)and(2).B.(1),(2)and(3).C.(2), (3) and(4).D.(1),(2), (3)and(4).26.Which of the following is an example of the use of pejorative prefixes?（分数：1.00）A.Un
15、wrap.B.Deoil.C.Maltreat.D.Disclose.27.The affixes in “hyperactive“ and “superfreeze“ are prefixes of _.（分数：1.00）A.reversative prefixesB.prefixes of degree or sizeC.prefixes of orientation and attitudeD.none of the above28.“Expect“, “expectable“, “expected“ are _.（分数：1.00）A.rootsB.stemsC.free rootsD.
16、roots as well as stems29.The overwhelming majority of blends are _.（分数：1.00）A.adjectivesB.verbsC.adverbsD.nouns30.In the field of word-formation, the most productive means at work now are _.（分数：1.00）A.affixation, compounding and clippingB.clipping, shortening and acronymyC.compounding, conversion an
17、d clippingD.affixation, compounding and conversion31.According to their different 1 functions, the idioms are classified into five groups in the course book. （分数：1.50）32.Nowadays Anglo-Saxon is generally referred to as 1. （分数：1.50）33. 1 refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual m
18、eaning of a word. （分数：1.50）34.The massive word store of a language like English can be conceived of as composed around a number of meaning areas. Some large, such as “philosophy“ or “emotions“, others smaller, such as “kinship“ or “color“. Viewing the total meaning in this way is the basis of 1. （分数
19、：1.50）35.“Decompose“ and “unwrap“ are two examples of 1 prefixes. （分数：1.50）36.The attitudes of different classes of people also made inroads into lexical meanings in the case of 1. （分数：1.50）37.Vocabulary is the most unstable element as it is undergoing constant change in both 1. （分数：1.50）38.The word
20、 in bold in “Michael is the pride of the family.“ has undergone the transfer from 1. （分数：1.50）39.The hints given in a context are called 1. （分数：1.50）40.In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of speech, resulting in synonymous or 1 idioms. （分数：1.50）41.initialisms （分数
21、：3.00）_42.prefixation （分数：3.00）_43.alien （分数：3.00）_44.amelioration （分数：3.00）_45.concept （分数：3.00）_46.What is word-formation? What are the three major processes of word-formation? （分数：5.00）_47.What is the symbolic connection between a sound and meaning? （分数：5.00）_48.In the following sentence, what ty
22、pe of transfer has the word in bold undergone? You should address your remarks to the chair . （分数：5.00）_49.What is the appropriate antonym for “sharp“ in the following statement? Jack heard the sharp noise from the dark house. （分数：5.00）_50.Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of supe
23、rordinates and subordinates. AThe man said he would come to our school next week. B The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday. （分数：10.00）_51.Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms. （分数：10.00）_英语词汇学自考题模拟 18答案解
24、析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives?（分数：1.00）A.-ion.B.-ism.C.-ity.D.-ist. 解析：解析 后缀“-ion”加到动词词根上构成抽象名词，例如 protection；“-ism”放在名词词根的后边构成抽象名词，例如 socialism；“-ity”加到形容词词根上构成名词，例如 stupidity；“-ist”是兼有动词和名词功能的后缀，例如，socialist 一词有两种意思：(1)表示信仰社会
25、主义的人；(2)表示“社会主义的，支持社会主义的”。2.An idiom consists of at least two words. Each word has a single meaning but they often function as one word. This is called _.（分数：1.00）A.semantic unity B.structural stabilityC.rhetorical functionD.none of the above解析：解析 习语可能是短语，也可能是句子，其至少由两个词构成。虽然每个构成习语的词都有一定的意义，但是在习语中它们丧
26、失了各自的个体特点，也就是说，它们的意思在整个习语的意思中经常体现不出。3.By the end of the _ century, English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, and government and regained social status.（分数：1.00）A.12thB.13th C.14thD.15th解析：4.“Utopia“, “odyssey“ and “Babbit“ are words from _.（分数：1.00）A.names of books B.names of pla
27、cesC.names of peopleD.tradenames解析：解析 英语中有不少词是来自名著的名字，也因此带有和书名相关联的意思。题目中的“utopia”来自托马斯摩尔的名著乌托邦(Utopia)；“odyssey”来自荷马的史诗巨作奥德赛(Odyssey)；“babbit”来自辛克莱刘易斯的小说巴比特(Babbit)。5.The prefixes in words “anti-government“, “pro-student“ and “contraflow“ are _.（分数：1.00）A.prefixes of degree or sizeB.prefixes of orie
28、ntation and attitude C.prefixes of time and orderD.miscellaneous prefixes解析：解析 词缀“anti-”，“pro-”，“contra-”等都是表示态度及趋向的前缀；“anti-government”的意思是“反政府的”；“pro-student”的意思是“支持学生的”；“contra-flow”的意思是“双向逆行”。6.Which of the following words is a functional word?（分数：1.00）A.Often.B.Never,C.Although. D.Desk.解析：7.In
29、the sentence “He is fond of pen.“ pen is a _ motivated word.（分数：1.00）A.morphologicallyB.onomatopoeicallyC.semantically D.etymologically解析：解析 语义理据指的是在一个词的语法意义的影响下人脑中产生的相关联想，它解释的是词的字面意义和比喻义的联系。本题中，“pen”在“He is fond of pen”这个句子中表示的意思是“写作”。8._ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound
30、and meaning, e. g. , bow /bau/; bow/b ? u/.（分数：1.00）A.HomophonesB.Homographs C.Perfect homonymsD.Antonyms解析：9.“Play fast and loose“ shows the feature of _.（分数：1.00）A.repetitionB.reiterationC.juxtaposition D.rhyme解析：解析 并置(juxtaposition)是把不同的事物并列放置在一起(尤其是通常情况下不会并列存在的事物)，通过对其进行比较制造出新的效果。本题中“fast”和“loos
31、e”是一对反义词，“play fast and loose”的意思是“行为轻率，反复无常”。10._ is NOT a pair of homophones.（分数：1.00）A.“Bear“(a large heavy animal) and “bear“ (to put up with) B.“Right“ (correct) and write (to put down on paper with a pen)C.“Son“ (a male child of someone) and “sun“ (the heavenly body from which the earth gets w
32、armth and light)D.“Compliment“ (an expression of praise) and “complement“ (make up a whole)解析：解析 同音异形异义词是发音相同而拼写和意义均不相同的词。题目中的“bear”一词在作名词和作动词时拼写相同，所以二者不是同音异形异义词。因此，A 项符合题目要求。11.The information about the word class of a word is part of its _ meaning.（分数：1.00）A.lexicalB.grammatical C.centralD.derived
33、解析：12.The word “reading-lamp“ is _.（分数：1.00）A.morphologically motivated B.etymologically motivatedC.semantically motivatedD.none of the above解析：解析 复合词和派生词都是多词素词，它们的意义在很多情况下都是各自的组成成分意义的集合，“reading-lamp”就是一例。13.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _.（分数：1.00）A.u
34、nderstand idioms correctlyB.remember idioms quicklyC.try a new method of classificationD.use idioms correctly and appropriately 解析：解析 根据语法功能对习语进行分类有助于在实践过程中更好地使用习语。D 项为正确答案，其余各项所陈述的目的最终还是实现 D项所提及的目标。14.Degradation can be illustrated by the following example _.（分数：1.00）A.lewdignorantB.sillyfoolish C.
35、lastpleasureD.knaveboy解析：15.Idioms nominal in nature function as _.（分数：1.00）A.nouns B.attributesC.modifiersD.words解析：解析 名词性习语在其结构中均含有一个名词作为中心，其整体也作为名词使用。16.The words “famous“ and “determined“ both have the meaning of _.（分数：1.00）A.derogatory meaningB.appreciative meaning C.neutral meaningD.stylistic
36、meaning解析：17.Which of the following is one of the three channels that the expansion of Modern English follows?（分数：1.00）A.Acronymy.B.Blending.C.Elevation.D.Borrowing. 解析：解析 现代英语词汇发展的模式主要有三种：创造新词(creation)、语义变化(semantic change)和借词(borrowing)。A、B 两项是构词法的类型。C 项是词义变化的形式之一。18.Extension can be illustrated
37、by the following example _.（分数：1.00）A.butcherone who kills goatsB.journalperiodical C.companionone who shares breadD.allergictoo sensitive to medicine解析：解析 题目中“journal”的原意是“日报”，现在的意思是“期刊”，其意思经历了词义 的扩大。19.The idiom “a new broom sweeps clean“ was created probably by _.（分数：1.00）A.seamenB.housewives C.f
38、armersD.hunters解析：解析 英语中大量的习语都来自普通民众，例如工人、船员等。习语“a new broom sweeps clean”根据其字面意思可以推测，它很可能是家庭主妇创造的。20.The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.-fulB.-wise C.-lessD.-ike解析：21.Generally speaking, the meaning of “meaning“ is _.（分数：1.00）A.sense B.conceptC.referenceD.motivation解析：解析 语
39、义，即“sense”，代表的是语言内部的联系，它指代的不是某一具体的事物，而是一个抽象的概念。每一个词都有语义。因此本题答案是 A。22.The first and foremost function of suffixes is to _.（分数：1.00）A.change the class of rootsB.change the meaning of stemsC.change the grammatical function of stems D.change the root structure解析：解析 后缀的最主要的功能是改变词干的语法功能，B 项陈述的是前缀的主要功能。23.
40、Suffixes fall into categories of noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective suffixes, etc., based on their _ function.（分数：1.00）A.grammatical B.structuralC.meaningfulD.practical解析：解析 后缀的最主要的功能是改变词干的语法功能，也就是说它们可以改变词的类别，因此，我们可以根据它们的语法功能将其分成若干类。24.Which of the following is incorrect?（分数：1.00）A.Transfer may
41、 occur between abstract meanings and concrete meanings.B.Transfer may occur between subjective meanings and objective meanings.C.Transfer may occur as associated transfer.D.Transfer may occur as structural transfer. 解析：25.Which of the following about the definition of a word are right? (1) a minimal
42、 free form of a language (2) a sound unity (3) a unit of meaning (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence（分数：1.00）A.(1)and(2).B.(1),(2)and(3).C.(2), (3) and(4).D.(1),(2), (3)and(4). 解析：解析 根据对词所总结的定义“A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic
43、function”可知，本题正确答案为 D。26.Which of the following is an example of the use of pejorative prefixes?（分数：1.00）A.Unwrap.B.Deoil.C.Maltreat. D.Disclose.解析：解析 本题的解题关键是掌握哪些前缀具有否定意义，以及哪些前缀具有贬义。题目中的“un-”，“de-”，“dis-”都只表达否定的意义，感情色彩为中性，只有 C项中的“mal-”是含有贬义的前缀。因此，本题正确答案是 C。27.The affixes in “hyperactive“ and “super
44、freeze“ are prefixes of _.（分数：1.00）A.reversative prefixesB.prefixes of degree or size C.prefixes of orientation and attitudeD.none of the above解析：解析 前缀大致分为九种，即否定前缀、逆反前缀、贬义前缀、表示程度和大小意义的前缀、表示态度及趋向的前缀、方位前缀、表示时间和顺序的前缀、表示数量的前缀和其他类前缀。本题中的“super-”和“hyper-”两个前缀是表示程度和大小意义的前缀。28.“Expect“, “expectable“, “expec
45、ted“ are _.（分数：1.00）A.rootsB.stems C.free rootsD.roots as well as stems解析：解析 根据词根和词干的定义可知，二者都可作为独立的成分存在，但是词干可以在细分，而词根若再细分则会失去其固有的意义。因此，本题正确答案选 B。29.The overwhelming majority of blends are _.（分数：1.00）A.adjectivesB.verbsC.adverbsD.nouns 解析：解析 大部分的拼缀词(blends)都是名词，其次是动词，形容词更少。30.In the field of word-formation, the most productive means at work now are _.（分数：1.00）A.affixation, compounding and clippingB.clipping, shortening and acronymyC.compounding, conversion and clippingD.
