1、英语阅读(一)自考题-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第一部分 选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People have thought very differently about children in different historical eras. In ancient Rome and throughout the Middle Ages, for example, childhood was brief: A boy or girl was considered an “infant“ until t
2、he age of six, but soon afterward worked alongside adults in the fields, in the workshops, or at home. Children were thought to be born in a state of sin and were viewed as the property of their fathers. Such beliefs contributed to strict discipline of children and neglect of their special needs.The
3、se harsh attitudes softened during the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the humanistic spirit of the times caused a rediscovery of the special qualities of childhood. In paintings, for example, young children were depicted as playing and doing other childish things, rather than being shown as miniat
4、ure adults. The importance of childhood as a unique period of development was understood more fully in the 17th and 18th centuries, as reflected in the writings of two important European thinkers: the English philosopher John Locke and the French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau. John Locke argued
5、that the newborn infant comes into the world with no inherited predispositions (天性), but rather with a mind as a “blank slate“ that is gradually filled with ideas, concepts, and knowledge from experiences in the world. He concluded that the quality of early experiences, particularly how children are
6、 raised and educated, shapes the direction of a childs life. Later, Jean Jacques Rousseau claimed that children at birth are innately good rather than evil, and that their natural tendencies should be protected against the corrupting influences of society. Rousseaus attitude had an important influen
7、ce on society, and inspired, for example, the novelists Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo, who decried (揭露) the exploitation of child labor and highlighted the need for educational and social reform.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred that children in the Middle Ages _. A. were mistreated and exploited B
8、. were generally regarded as miniature adults C. did not observe the institutional disciplines D. did not start their childhood until the age of six（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author cites the example the two European thinkers writings to show that _. A. childrens behavior was described as adult-like B
9、. childrens innocence and playfulness were neglected C. childhood was revealed as a period of independence D. childhood was revealed as a unique period of development（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The 2nd paragraph is developed by _. A. example B. definition C. comparison D. cause and effect（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(
10、4).The central argument made by John Locke is that _. A. childrens future development depends on their genetic background B. childrens upbringing and early education may shape their future life C. childrens character formation is largely influenced by their parents D. the proper way of upbringing is
11、 to keep children away from society（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).At the end of the passage, the two novelists are mentioned to emphasize _. A. the call for educational and social reform B. the importance of childrens school education C. the influence of Rousseaus attitude toward children D. the potential neg
12、ative influences of society on children（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第二部分 非选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Two white pigeons came in through the kitchen window, U U 1 /U /U, and lit around the ashes. The pigeons nodded their heads and began to pick, pick, pick, pick. And the others also began to pick,
13、pick, pick, pick. They gathered all the good grains into the bowl. Hardly one hour had passed before they were finished, U U 2 /U /U.The girl took the bowl to her stepmother, and was happy, U U 3 /U /U.But the stepmother said, “No, Cinderella, you have no clothes, and you dont know how to dance. Eve
14、ryone would only laugh at you.“U U 4 /U /U, and then the stepmother said, “You may go if you are able to pick two bowls of lentils out of the ashes for me in one hour,“ thinking to herself, “She will never be able to do that.“The girl went through the back door into the garden, and called out, “You
15、tame pigeons, you turtledoves, U U 5 /U /U, come and help me to gather: The good ones go into the pot, The bad ones go into your crop.U U 6 /U /U, and then the turtledoves, and finally all the birds beneath the sky came whirring and swarming in, and lit around the ashes. The pigeons nodded their hea
16、ds and began to pick, pick, pick. And the others also began to pick, pick, pick, pick. U U 7 /U /U. Before a half hour had passed they were finished, and they all flew out again.The girl took the bowls to her stepmother, and was happy, U U 8 /U /U.But the stepmother said, “Its no use. U U 9 /U /U, f
17、or you have no clothes, and you dont know how to dance. We would be ashamed of you.“ With this she turned her back on Cinderella, and hurried away with her two proud daughters.Now that no one else was at home, Cinderella went to her mothers grave beneath the hazel tree, and cried out:Shake and quive
18、r, little tree,Throw gold and silver down to me.U U 10 /U /U, and slippers embroidered with silk and silver. She quickly put on the dress and went to the festival.A. Cinderella began to cryB. thinking that now she would be allowed to go to the festival with themC. Two white pigeons came in through t
19、he kitchen windowD. You are not coming with usE. and then the turtledoves, and finally all the birds beneath the sky came whirring and swarming inF. Then the bird threw a gold and silver dress down to herG. thinking that now she would be allowed to go to the festival with themH. and all you birds be
20、neath the skyI. They gathered all the good grains into the bowlsJ. and they all flew out againK. She was happyL. Cinderella opened the door（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、B(总题数：8，分数：25.00)1.(die) While she was 1, Cinderellas mother told her little gi
21、rl to remain faithful and kind.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_2.(practical) Renovating the old building proved 1 because of the great expense.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_3.(imagine) Cinderellas two step sisters did everything 1 to hurt her.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_4.(pain) It is rather 1 to travel in summer by train for it is very cro
22、wded and without air-conditioning.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_5.(smear) He had had the entire stairway 1 with pitch.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_6.(wick) For their 1 and falsehood, her two sisters were punished with blindness as long as they lived.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_7.(share) For many couples, cohabitation provides a chance fo
23、r a life without a 1 bank account.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_8.(main) The plan will save the eighteen countries about 1 billion dollars a year in debt 1.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_六、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)of wear jump belong approach dress close inside lay apart elude for put escortThe prince U U 1 /U /Uher, took her by the ha
24、nd, and danced with her. Furthermore, he would dance with no one else. He never let go U U 2 /U /Uher hand, and whenever anyone else came and asked her to dance, he would say, “She is my dance partner.“She danced until evening, and then she wanted to go home. But the prince said, “I will go along an
25、d U U 3 /U /Uyou,“ for he wanted to see to whom the beautiful girl U U 4 /U /U. However, she U U 5 /U /Uhim and jumped into the pigeon coop. The prince waited until her father came, and then he told him that the unknown girl had U U 6 /U /Uinto the pigeon coop.The old man thought, “Could it be Cinde
26、rella?“He had them bring him an ax and a pick so that he could break the pigeon coop U U 7 /U /U, but no one was U U 8 /U /U. When they got home Cinderella was lying in the ashes, U U 9 /U /Uin her dirty clothes. A dim little oil-lamp was burning in the fireplace. Cinderella had quickly jumped down
27、from the back of the pigeon coop and had run to the hazel tree. There she had taken off her beautiful clothes and U U 10 /U /Uthem on the grave, and the bird had taken them away again. Then, dressed in her gray smock, she had returned to the ashes in the kitchen.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
28、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、B(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Then the bird threw down an even more magnificent dress than on the preceding day. When Cinderella appeared at the festival in this dress, everyone was astonished at her beauty. U U 1 /U /UUThe prince had waited until she came, then immed
29、iately took her by the hand, and/U Udanced only with her./U When others came and asked her to dance with them, he said, “she is my dance partner.“U U 2 /U /UUWhen evening came she wanted to leave, and the prince followed her, wanting to see into which house she went./U But she ran away from him and
30、into the garden behind the house. U U 3 /U /UUA beautiful tall tree stood there, on which hung the most magnificent pears./U U U 4 /U /UUShe climbed as nimbly as a squirrel into the branches, and the prince did not know where she had gone./U He waited until her father came, then said to him, “The un
31、known girl has eluded me, and I believe she has climbed up the pear tree.“The father thought, “Could it be Cinderella?“ He had an ax brought to him and cut down the tree, but no one was in it. When they came to the kitchen, U U 5 /U /UUCinderella was lying there in the ashes as usual, for she had ju
32、mped down from the other side of the tree, had taken the beautiful dress back to the bird in the hazel tree, and had put on her gray smock./U（分数：25.00）_英语阅读(一)自考题-18 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第一部分 选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People have thought very differently about children in differ
33、ent historical eras. In ancient Rome and throughout the Middle Ages, for example, childhood was brief: A boy or girl was considered an “infant“ until the age of six, but soon afterward worked alongside adults in the fields, in the workshops, or at home. Children were thought to be born in a state of
34、 sin and were viewed as the property of their fathers. Such beliefs contributed to strict discipline of children and neglect of their special needs.These harsh attitudes softened during the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the humanistic spirit of the times caused a rediscovery of the special qualit
35、ies of childhood. In paintings, for example, young children were depicted as playing and doing other childish things, rather than being shown as miniature adults. The importance of childhood as a unique period of development was understood more fully in the 17th and 18th centuries, as reflected in t
36、he writings of two important European thinkers: the English philosopher John Locke and the French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau. John Locke argued that the newborn infant comes into the world with no inherited predispositions (天性), but rather with a mind as a “blank slate“ that is gradually fill
37、ed with ideas, concepts, and knowledge from experiences in the world. He concluded that the quality of early experiences, particularly how children are raised and educated, shapes the direction of a childs life. Later, Jean Jacques Rousseau claimed that children at birth are innately good rather tha
38、n evil, and that their natural tendencies should be protected against the corrupting influences of society. Rousseaus attitude had an important influence on society, and inspired, for example, the novelists Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo, who decried (揭露) the exploitation of child labor and highlig
39、hted the need for educational and social reform.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred that children in the Middle Ages _. A. were mistreated and exploited B. were generally regarded as miniature adults C. did not observe the institutional disciplines D. did not start their childhood until the age of six（
40、分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 推断题。根据题干关键词 in the Middle Ages，可在第一段中找到答案。根据.worked alongside adults., sin, property, .neglect of their special needs 可知，孩子六岁便开始工作，没有快乐的童年生活；一出生就被看作是罪恶的，被视为父亲的财产；人们主要是爱护和照顾孩子，而忽略了他们的特殊需要。B、C、D 项可以从文章中找出答案，推断出的是 A 项的内容。(2).The author cites the example the two European thinkers
41、writings to show that _. A. childrens behavior was described as adult-like B. childrens innocence and playfulness were neglected C. childhood was revealed as a period of independence D. childhood was revealed as a unique period of development（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 细节题。可在文中 The importance of childho
42、od as a unique period of development was understood.as reflected in the writings of.找到答案。(3).The 2nd paragraph is developed by _. A. example B. definition C. comparison D. cause and effect（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 本题考查文章的写作思路。第二段先以绘画为例，再引用欧洲思想家的著作为例，且文中多次出现 for example(例如)。(4).The central argument mad
43、e by John Locke is that _. A. childrens future development depends on their genetic background B. childrens upbringing and early education may shape their future life C. childrens character formation is largely influenced by their parents D. the proper way of upbringing is to keep children away from
44、 society（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 细节题。本题考查洛克的核心观点。可在文中 He concluded that.particularly how children are raised and educated, shapes the direction of a childs life 找到答案。(5).At the end of the passage, the two novelists are mentioned to emphasize _. A. the call for educational and social reform B. the importance of childrens school education C. the influence of Rousseaus attitude toward children D. the potential negative influences of society on children（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 细节题。可在文章末尾 Rousseaus att
