1、英语阅读(一)自考题分类模拟 32 及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分 选择题(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Long ago Tasmania was attached to the landmass now known as the Australian mainland. Over the ages the great landmass slowly shifted and split and the section we now know as Tasmania detached. As the last Ice Age ended the sea leve
2、l increased, forming the stretch of water now called Bass Strait. We also know that aboriginal people have inhabited Tasmania for at least 20,000 years. The first known Europeans to visit the island included the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman who called the Island “Van Dieman“s Land“ in honour of his pa
3、tron. On that same voyage Tasman also made landfall in New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji. In 1770 explorer James Cook claimed “the great south land“ for Britain and three years later the French explorer du Fresne and his crew encountered aboriginals on the Tasmanian coast in a skirmish several aboriginals
4、 were shot. In 1802 the British established a small penal and whaling colony on the Derwent River at Risdon Cove. There were two major reasons for the British to establish a base in Tasmania. They intended to use the island as a place to dump convicts, six months voyage away from the British Isles.
5、They also wanted to protect their claim to the land, especially against their long-term enemy, the French, and to exclude other countries from the rich whaling and sealing ground around the islands.（分数：10.00）(1).The stretch of water formed at the end of the last Ice Age is now called _.（分数：2.50）A.Ta
6、smaniaB.Derwent RiverC.Risdon CoveD.Bass Strait(2).According to the passage, all the following Europeans explored Tasmania except _.（分数：2.50）A.Abel TasmanB.James CookC.Van DiemanD.du Fresne(3).When did explorer James Cook claim Tasmania for Britain?（分数：2.50）A.In 1770.B.In 1773.C.In !802.D.In 1820.(4
7、).How long did it take the exiled convicts to get to Tasmania from the British Isles by sea?（分数：2.50）A.3 months.B.6 months.C.10 months.D.1 year.三、第二部分 非选择题(总题数：0，分数：0.00)1.(convict) If, like most of mankind, you have passionate 1 on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aw
8、are of your own bias. （分数：2.00）2.(finance) I am 1 embarrassed. （分数：2.00）3.(evolve) The Time Traveler realizes that this is the end of human （分数：2.00）4.(polite) As a student, he should not treat his teacher 1. （分数：2.00）5.(evident) But that, according to a growing body of scientific 1, would also be a
9、 bad idea. （分数：2.00）6.(conscious) If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are 1 aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. （分数：2.00）7.(profit) Most of the schools in China are running on a 1 basis, operating within their budgets. （分数：2.00）8.(distract)
10、The sight of the little Breton peasant who did her humble housework aroused in her despairing regrets and 1 dreams. （分数：2.00）9.(imagine) The mind of storytellers must have great 1 powers. （分数：2.00）10.(caution) She is 1 about spending money. （分数：2.00）make similar to avoid bring tell unless until whic
11、h contrary to from aware of prone To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind are 1 , no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all errors, hut 2 silly errors. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristo
12、tle could have 3 the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don“t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all pro
13、ne. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been 4 that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself 5 I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew al
14、l about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them. Many matters, however, are less easily 6 to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on many such matters, th
15、ere are ways in which you can make yourself 7 your own bias. If an opinion 8 your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity ra
16、ther than anger, 9 you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to 10 there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there
17、is knowledge, but in the theology there is only opinion.（分数：20.00）Be very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem. 1 Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex. There is abundant evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can
18、 point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals. 2 The question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem conceals this from most people. 3 We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded that our own nation is super
19、ior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, we adjust our standard of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are comparatively trivial. 4 Here, again, the rational man will admit th
20、at the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer. 5 It is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some nonhuman mind. The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit is to remind ourselves that man is
21、a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jellyfish.（分数：30.00）_英语阅读(一)自考题分类模拟 32 答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分 选择题(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Long ago Tasmania
22、was attached to the landmass now known as the Australian mainland. Over the ages the great landmass slowly shifted and split and the section we now know as Tasmania detached. As the last Ice Age ended the sea level increased, forming the stretch of water now called Bass Strait. We also know that abo
23、riginal people have inhabited Tasmania for at least 20,000 years. The first known Europeans to visit the island included the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman who called the Island “Van Dieman“s Land“ in honour of his patron. On that same voyage Tasman also made landfall in New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji. In
24、1770 explorer James Cook claimed “the great south land“ for Britain and three years later the French explorer du Fresne and his crew encountered aboriginals on the Tasmanian coast in a skirmish several aboriginals were shot. In 1802 the British established a small penal and whaling colony on the Der
25、went River at Risdon Cove. There were two major reasons for the British to establish a base in Tasmania. They intended to use the island as a place to dump convicts, six months voyage away from the British Isles. They also wanted to protect their claim to the land, especially against their long-term
26、 enemy, the French, and to exclude other countries from the rich whaling and sealing ground around the islands.（分数：10.00）(1).The stretch of water formed at the end of the last Ice Age is now called _.（分数：2.50）A.TasmaniaB.Derwent RiverC.Risdon CoveD.Bass Strait 解析：解析 题干问“在冰河世纪的最后阶段，水的延伸形成了现在的什么?”，文章第
27、一段最后一句告诉了我们答案，“形成了我们现在称作巴斯的海峡”。(2).According to the passage, all the following Europeans explored Tasmania except _.（分数：2.50）A.Abel TasmanB.James CookC.Van Dieman D.du Fresne解析：解析 题干问“根据文章看，下列中哪一个不是发现 Tasmania 的人”，文章第二段分别提到了发现者 Abel Tasman、James Cook 及 du Fresne，没有提到 C。(3).When did explorer James Co
28、ok claim Tasmania for Britain?（分数：2.50）A.In 1770. B.In 1773.C.In !802.D.In 1820.解析：解析 题干问“James Cook 在什么时候宣布 Tasmania 为英国所有的?”，文章第二段倒数第二句告诉了我们答案，他于 1770 年宣布其为英国所有。(4).How long did it take the exiled convicts to get to Tasmania from the British Isles by sea?（分数：2.50）A.3 months.B.6 months. C.10 months
29、D.1 year.解析：解析 题干问“被放逐的犯人花了多长时间才从英国到达 Tasmania”，文章第三段第二句话告诉我们“six months voyage away from the British Isles”，由此得知答案为六个月。三、第二部分 非选择题(总题数：0，分数：0.00)1.(convict) If, like most of mankind, you have passionate 1 on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. （
30、分数：2.00）解析：convictions解析 根据题干可知空白处需要填入名词作宾语，conviction 意为“确信、坚定的信仰”，题意为“如果你和大多数人类一样对此类事情有热情洋溢的坚定地信仰，那么你就有办法让自己意识到自己的偏见”。2.(finance) I am 1 embarrassed. （分数：2.00）解析：financially解析 根据题干可知空白处应该填入副词作后面形容词的状语，所以应该填入financially，题意为我经济上很困窘。3.(evolve) The Time Traveler realizes that this is the end of human
31、分数：2.00）解析：evolution解析 可以看出题干空白处需要名词形式，所以填入所给动词的名词形式 evolution 指“进展、进化”，题意为“时间旅行者意识到这就是人类进化的终期”。4.(polite) As a student, he should not treat his teacher 1. （分数：2.00）解析：impolitely解析 根据题干可知空白处应该填入副词作动词的状语，题意是作为一个学生，他不应该对老师不礼貌。5.(evident) But that, according to a growing body of scientific 1, would al
32、so be a bad idea. （分数：2.00）解析：evidence解析 空白处需要一个名词形式作介词 of 的宾语，所给词为形容词，其名词形式为evidence 证据，题干意为“但是根据不断增加的科学证据来看，那也不是个好主意”。6.(conscious) If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are 1 aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. （分数：2.00）解析：subconsciously解析
33、所给词意为“有意识的、有良心的”，根据题干可知空白处需要副词作状语，填入“潜意识地”subconsciously 符合题意，题意为“如果别人观点与你不同就会让你愤怒，这说明你潜意识中意识到你没有充分的理由确信自己的观点”。7.(profit) Most of the schools in China are running on a 1 basis, operating within their budgets. （分数：2.00）解析：profitable解析 译文：中国大多数学校是在赢利的基础上运营的，它们在预算范围内被经营。on a.basis(在的基础上)缺一个形容词修饰名词 basi
34、s。“有利的，赢利的”用 profitable。8.(distract) The sight of the little Breton peasant who did her humble housework aroused in her despairing regrets and 1 dreams. （分数：2.00）解析：distracted解析 题意为那位小小的法国布列尼农民很谦卑地帮她做家务，但是他的所见激起了她的无尽的悔恨，也使她不再专注梦想，空白处应该填入 distracted 和前面 aroused 相对应。9.(imagine) The mind of storyteller
35、s must have great 1 powers. （分数：2.00）解析：imaginative解析 题意是说“一个会讲故事的人大脑需要有足够的想象力”，“富有想象力的、想象力丰富的”是 imaginative。10.(caution) She is 1 about spending money. （分数：2.00）解析：cautious解析 固定用法 be cautious about sth.意为“对小心、谨慎”，题干意为“她花钱很谨慎”。make similar to avoid bring tell unless until which contrary to from awar
36、e of prone To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind are 1 , no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all errors, hut 2 silly errors. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have 3 the mi
37、stake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don“t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe myself th
38、at hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been 4 that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself 5 I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and sa
39、lamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them. Many matters, however, are less easily 6 to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which y
40、ou can make yourself 7 your own bias. If an opinion 8 your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, 9 you
41、know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to 10 there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge, but in th
42、e theology there is only opinion.（分数：20.00）解析：prone解析：from解析：avoided解析：told解析：until解析：brought解析：aware of解析：contrary to解析：unless解析：whichBe very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem. 1 Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex
43、 There is abundant evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals. 2 The question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem conceals this from most people. 3 We are all, whatever p
44、art of the world we come from, persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, we adjust our standard of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are
45、 comparatively trivial. 4 Here, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer. 5 It is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some nonhuman mind. The only way I know of dealin
46、g with this general human conceit is to remind ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jellyfish.（分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：不论男人或女人，十之八九都坚信自己所属的性别特别优越。_正确答案：()解析：这个问题本来就根本无法解决；但是，自尊心却使大多数人都看不到这一点。_正确答案：()解析：不管我们属于世界上哪个国家，我们大家总是认为我们自己的民族比所有其他民族都优越。_正确答案：()解析：在这个问题上，一位明白事理的人也一定会承认，它没有明显正确的答案。_正确答案：()解析：由于我们无法和人类之外的智者辩论清楚，所以要处理这个人之作为人的自高自大的问题就更加困难了。
