1、高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)真题 2014 年 4 月及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：150 分钟)一、课程代码：00595(总题数：1，分数：0.00)IPassage1 Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Thepassengersonthebuswatchedsympatheticallyastheyoungwomanwiththewhitecanemadeherwaycautiouslyupthesteps.Shepaidthedriverandthen,usingherhandstofeelthelocationofth
2、eseats,settledintoone.Sheplacedherbriefcaseonherlapandrestedhercaneagainstherleg. IthadbeenayearsinceSusan,thirty-four,becameblind.Astheresultofamedicalaccidentshewassightless,suddenlythrownintoaworldofdarkness,anger,frustrationandself-pity.AllshecouldclingtowasherhusbandMark. MarkwasanAirForceoffic
3、erandhelovedSusanwithallhisheart.Whenshefirstlosthersight,hewatchedhersinkintodespairandhebecamedeterminedtouseeverymeanstohelphiswife. Finally,Susanfeltreadytoreturntoherjob,buthowwouldshegetthere?Sheusedtotakethebus,butshewasnowtoofrightenedtogetaroundthecitybyherself.Markvolunteeredtoridethebuswi
4、thSusaneachmorningandeveninguntilshegotthehangof(摸清情况)it.Andthatwasexactlywhathappened. Fortwoweeks,Mark,militaryuniformandall,accompaniedSusantoandfromworkeachday.Hetaughtherhowtorelyonherothersenses,specificallyherhearing,todeterminewhereshewasandhowtoadapttohernewenvironment.Hehelpedherbefriendth
5、ebusdriverswhocouldwatchoutforher,andsaveheraseat. Eachmorningtheymadethejourneytogether,andMarkwouldtakeataxibacktohisoffice.Althoughtheroutineofgoingbackandforthwascostly,MarkknewitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeSusanwouldbeabletoridethebusonherown. Finally,Susandecidedthatshewasreadytotrythetriponhero
6、wn.Mondaymorningarrived.Beforesheleft,sheembracedherhusbandtightly.Hereyesfilledwithtearsofgratitudeforhisloyalty,hispatience,andhislove.Shesaidgood-byeand,forthefirsttime,theywenttheirseparateways.Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday.Eachdayonherownwentperfectly,andawildgaiety(快乐)tookholdofSusan.Shewa
7、sdoingit!Shewasgoingtoworkallbyherself!.（分数：10.00）(1).WhenSusangotonthebus,thepassengers_. （分数：2.00）A.admired herB.stared curiously at herC.ignored herD.felt sorry for her(2).WhichofthefollowingistrueofMark? （分数：2.00）A.He kept confidence in Susan.B.He felt confused with Susan.C.He depended more on S
8、usan.D.He was tired of Susan.(3).Atthebeginningofhersightlesslife,Susanwasseizedbyanger,self-pityand_. （分数：2.00）A.irritationB.hesitationC.hopelessnessD.indifference(4).Whichofthefollowingistrue? （分数：2.00）A.Mark realized it would take a long time for Susan to recover her sight.B.Mark knew that Susan
9、would get to work by herself sooner or later.C.Mark hated to leave poor Susan alone even for one minute.D.Mark loved the routine of accompanying Susan to work.(5).Thepassagecanbeusedasanexampleof_. （分数：2.00）A.honestyB.sympathyC.diligenceD.determinationPassage2 Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpas
10、sage. Mostpeopleclaimthatweshouldjudgeothersonthebasisofhowtheyact,nothowtheylook.However,therealityisquiteopposite.Appearanceisespeciallyimportantintheearlystagesofarelationship. Theinfluenceofphysicalattractivenessbeginsearlyinlife.Infantsasyoungassixmonthspreferimagesofattractivefacestolessappeal
11、ingones.Fromagefiveon,overweightboysareviewedbypeersaslessattractive;tall,thinonesarejudgedasuncommunicativeandnervous;andmuscularandathleticyoungstersareseenasoutgoing,active,andpopular.Thesameprinciplecontinuesintoadultlife.Handsomemenandbeautifulwomenareseenasmoresensitive,kind,interesting,strong
12、calm,modest,sociable,outgoing,andexcitingthantheirlessattractivecounterparts.Adultsaremorelikelytointeractwithstrangerswhotheyviewasattractive.Seniorcitizensalsorategood-lookingpeopleasmoredesirablethanthosewhoarelessattractive. Althoughwemightassumethatattractivepeopleareradicallydifferentfromthos
13、ewhoarelessattractive,thetruthisthatweviewthefamiliarasbeautiful.LangloisandRoggmanpresentedstudentswithtwotypesofphotos:somewereimagesofpeoplefromNorthEuropean,Asian,andLatinobackgrounds,whileotherswerecomputer-generatedimagesthatcombinedthecharacteristicsofseveralindividuals.Surprisingly,thestuden
14、tsconsistentlypreferredthecompositephotosofbothmenandwomen.Whenthefeaturesofeightormoreindividualswerecombinedintooneimage,thestudentsratedthepictureasmoreattractivethanthefeaturesofasinglepersonorofasmallercombinationofpeople.Thus,weseemtobedrawntopeoplewhorepresentthemostattractivequalitiesofourse
15、lvesandthosepeoplearentdifferentfromtherestofus. Evenifyourappearanceisntbeautifulbysocialstandards,considertheseencouragingfacts:first,ordinary-lookingpeoplewithpleasingpersonalitiesarelikelytobejudgedasbeingattractive;second,physicalfactorsbecomelessimportantasarelationshipprogress.AsHamachekputsi
16、t,“Attractivefeaturesmayopendoors,butapparently,ittakesmorethanphysicalbeautytokeepthemopen.”（分数：10.00）(1).“Thesameprinciple”(Para.2)referstotheprinciplethat_. （分数：2.00）A.children are more attractive than adultsB.attractive people are perceived as desirableC.the early stages of a relationship are im
17、portantD.the influence of appearance begins early in life(2).Thethirdparagraphemphasizesinparttheimportanceof_. （分数：2.00）A.familiarityB.differenceC.individualityD.consistency(3).Accordingtothepassage,themorecompositefeaturespeoplehave,_.（分数：2.00）A.themoreuniquetheyareB.the less ordinary they areC.th
18、emoreattractivetheyareD.thelessbeautifultheyare(4).Inhisstatement,Hamachekisgivingemphasisto_. （分数：2.00）A.social standardsB.composite featuresC.good characterD.physical attraction(5).Thebesttitleforthepassageis_. （分数：2.00）A.Beauty and AgeB.Appearance and RelationshipC.Standards of Social BehaviorD.F
19、eatures of Physical AttractivenessPassage3 Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage. ThepublicschoolsoftheUnitedStateselementary,secondary,andhigherhaveahistory,anditisthesocialhistoryoftheUnitedStates:thedecadesbeforetheCivilWar,inwhichtheelementaryor“commonschools”werereformed;thedecadessurrou
20、ndingtheturnofthetwentiethcentury,inwhichthesecondaryschools“welcomed”the“childrenoftheplainpeople”;andthepost-WorldWarIIdecades,whichfoundthepubliccollegesanduniversitiesfloodednon-traditionalstudentsthosetraditionallyexcludedfromhighereducationbysex,race,andclass. Ineachoftheseperiods,thequantitat
21、iveexpansionofthestudentpopulationwasmatchedbyaqualitativetransformationoftheenlargedinstitutions.Thecommonschoolsofthemid-1800swerechargedwithreformingthemoralcharacterofthechildrenoffailedartisans(工匠)andfarmers;theexpandedhighschoolsattheturnofthecenturywithpreparingtheirpoor,working-class,andimmi
22、grantteenagersforfuturelivesincityandfactory;the“open-access”public institutionsinthepostwarperiodwithmovingtheirstudentsofftheunemploymentlinesandintolower-levelwhite-collarpositions. Thecommonschools,thehighschools,thecollegesanduniversitiesallintheirowntimeswereexpandedandtransformedsothattheymig
23、htbettermaintainsocialorderandincreasematerialproductivity.Butnomatterhowenlargedorreformed,theycouldnotdothejobsexpectedofthem:theycouldnotsolvetheeconomic,social,andhumanproblemsbroughtaboutbyuncontrolledurbanizationandindustrializationwithinthecontextoftheprivatepropertysystem.Theschoolingreforms
24、succeededonlyinshiftingthediscussionandactionfromthesocialandproductivesystemtothepeoplewhowerenowheldresponsiblefornotfittingintoit.（分数：10.00）(1).Americaneducationinthepost-WorldWarIIdecadesfocusedmostlyon_. （分数：2.00）A.early childhood educationB.elementary school educationC.secondary school educati
25、onD.college education(2).Theturn-of-the-centuryAmericaneducationdealtpartlywiththeproblemof_. （分数：2.00）A.failed farmersB.unsuccessful artisansC.immigrant teenagersD.lower-level white-collar workers(3).Itisimpliedinthepassagethatwomenbegantobeeducatedinlargenumbers_. （分数：2.00）A.after the Civil WarB.a
26、t the turn of the 20th centuryC.before World War IID.after World War II(4).Oneofthepurposesforpublicschoolreformationis_. （分数：2.00）A.to increase material productivityB.to impose the quality of educationC.to urbanize rural areas in the United StatesD.D.topromoteindustrializationintheUnitedStates(5).T
27、heauthorbelievesthatpublicschools_. （分数：2.00）A.changed American political systemB.could not solve American problemsC.led to social problems in the United StatesD.could not improve qualitatively in the United StatesPassage4 Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Historicalperiodsaredominatedby
28、distinctsetsofideaswhichformthegeneralspiritofaperiodinhistory.Greekphilosophy,Christianity,Renaissancethought,theScientificRevolution,andtheEnlightenmentareexamplesofsetsofideasthatdominatedtheirhistoricalperiods.Thechangesfromoneperiodtothenextareusuallyrathergradual.;otherchangesmoreabruptareofte
29、nreferredtoasrevolutions.Themostfar-reachingofalltheseintellectualchangeswastheDarwinianrevolution.TheworldviewformedbyanythinkingpersonintheWesternworldafter1859,whenOntheOriginofSpecieswaspublished,wasbynecessityquitedifferentfromaworldviewformedbefore1859.Itisalmostimpossibleforamodernpersontopro
30、jectbacktotheearlyhalfofthenineteenthcenturyandreconstructthethinkingofthispre-Darwinianperiod,fortheimpactofDarwinismonourviewshasbeensogreat. TheintellectualrevolutionbroughtaboutbyDarwinwentfarbeyondtherealmofbiology,causingtheoverthrowofsomeofthemostbasicbeliefsofhisage.Forexample,Darwinrejected
31、thebeliefintheindividualcreationofeachspecies,establishinginitsplacetheconceptthatalloflifedescendedfromacommonancestor.Byextension,heintroducedtheideathathumanswerenotthespecialproductsofcreationbutevolvedaccordingtoprinciplesthatoperateeverywhereelseinthelivingworld.Darwinupsetcurrentnotionsofaper
32、fectlydesignednaturalandgentleworldandsubstitutedintheirplacetheconceptofastruggleforsurvival.VictoriannotionsofprogressandperfectibilitywereseriouslyweakenedbyDarwinsdemonstrationthatevolutionbringsaboutchangeandadaptation,butitdoesnotnecessarilyleadtoprogress,anditneverleadstoperfection. Darwinwou
33、ldberememberedasanoutstandingscientistevenifhehadneverwrittenawordaboutevolution.Indeed,somepeoplebelievethatDarwinsmostoriginalcontributiontobiologywasnotthetheoryofevolutionbuthisseriesofbooksonexperimentalbotanypublishedneartheendofhislife.Thisachievementislittleknownamongnon-biologists,andthesam
34、eistrueforhisequallyoutstandingworkontheadaptationofflowersandonanimalpsychology,aswellashisimaginativeworkonearthworms.Darwinalsoattackedimportantproblemswithextraordinaryoriginality,therebybecomingthefounderofseveralnowwell-recognizedseparatedisciplines.Darwinwasthefirstpersontoworkoutasoundtheory
35、ofclassification,whichisstillusedbymostexpertstoday.（分数：10.00）(1).TheauthorconsidersthechangecausedbyDarwinsOntheOriginofSpecies_. （分数：2.00）A.gradualB.abruptC.religiousD.philosophical(2).TheinfluenceofDarwinismhasbeensostrongthatitisdifficultto_. （分数：2.00）A.know how people looked at the world before
36、 1859B.imagine peoples worldview after 1859C.disregard the implications of his theoryD.know what Victorian society was like(3).Darwinbelievedthatallspeciesintheworld_. （分数：2.00）A.were created individuallyB.sprang from the same originC.became increasingly betterD.shared the same pace of progress(4).I
37、tcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatDarwinwas_. （分数：2.00）A.a modest scholarB.a born thinkerC.anoriginalscientistD.apracticaltheorist(5).Theauthorintendstosayinthelastparagraphthat_. （分数：2.00）A.Darwin did outstanding work apart from his theory of evolutionB.non-biologists know very little about Darwins
38、theory of evolutionC.scholars failed to recognize Darwins contributions for a long timeD.Darwins most outstanding contribution is his theory of classificationIIPassage5 Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Potatoesareatuber-producingcroporiginallygrownintheAmericas.Over200varietiesofwildpot
39、atoesgrowfromwhatisnowColoradotowhatarenowChileandArgentina.ThenativepeoplesoftheAndeanregionofSouthAmericawerethefirsttodomesticatepotatoesandtocultivatethemasafoodcrop.Theearliestpotato,foundinanarchaeologicalsiteincentralPeru,hasbeendatedbacktoabout8000B.CScientistsbelievethatAmericanIndiansbegan
40、domesticatingpotatoesattheendoftheIceAge.Fourthousandyearslater,nativepeoplesliving intheAndeanhighlandshadbeguntorelyonpotatoesasamajorpartoftheirdiet.Byabout2000B.CIndiansinthecoastalregionofwhatisnowPeruwerealsocultivatingthiscropextensively. DuringthereignoftheInca,whoestablishedtheirempireinwha
41、tisnowPeruinaboutA.D.1000,AmericanIndianfarmersweregrowingnotonlywhitepotatoesbutred,yellow,black,blue,green,andbrownonesaswell.Theyweredeliberatelydevelopingpotatoesofvaryingsizesandshapesthatwoulddowellunderanumberofgrowingconditions.Becausepotatoeswereeasilygrown,flourishinanumberofclimates,andhi
42、ghinvitaminC,theywereanefficientwayofmeetingdietaryneeds. In1531,whenSpanishconquerorFranciscoPizarrolandedinwhatisnowPeru,thenativeAndeanpeopleshaddevelopedabout3,000typesofpotatoesandhadalsoinventedamethodtofreeze-drythemforstorage.TheInca,whocalledpotatoespapas,ateboiledpotatoesasavegetableandals
43、omadeakindofunleavenedpotatobreadmadefromflourthathadbeengroundfromfreeze-driedpotatoes.Theyalsoaddedthispotatoflourtosoupsandstewsandmadeporridgefromit. PedrodeCieza,whotraveledwithFranciscoPizarrosexpedition,comparedpotatoestochestnuts.Becausethetubersgrewundergroundandweresmall,theSpaniardsbeliev
44、edpotatoesweretruffles(块菌)andbegancallingthemtartuffo.WhenEnglishexplorerSirFrancisDrakecrossedtheStraitofMagellan,heatepotatoesonthecoastofwhatisnowChilethatsameyear.Yet,historiansareuncertainexactlywhethertheSpaniardsortheEnglishbroughtpotatoestoEurope.（分数：5.00）(1).Theearliestpotatowasfoundin_. （分
45、数：1.00）A.PeruB.ChileC.ArgentinaD.Colorado(2).PotatoesbecamethemajorsourceoffoodforAmericanIndiansabout_. （分数：1.00）A.8000 B.C.B.4000 B.C.C.2000 B.C.D.A.D.1000(3).AmericanIndiansdevelopedpotatoesofdifferentsizesandshapesto_. （分数：1.00）A.meet different dietary needsB.get potatoes of different colorsC.su
46、it various growing conditionsD.store them in convenient places(4).AmericanIndiansfreeze-driedpotatoessothattheycouldbe_. （分数：1.00）A.stewedB.groundC.storedD.boiled(5).Whichofthefollowingistrue? （分数：1.00）A.Historians believe that the English brought potatoes to Europe.B.Sir Francis Drake ate potatoes
47、in what is now Peru.C.Francisco Pizarro compared potatoes to chestnuts.D.The Spaniards thought that potatoes were truffles.Passage6 Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Thebloggingcrazeofacoupleofyearsago,whenitwasestimatedthattennewblogswerestartedsomewhereintheworldeveryminute,nowseemstoh
48、avedieddownabit.Yetthousandsofblogsprobablythebetteronesremain.Blogsarenownolongerseenastheexclusivepossessionofgeeks,andarenowseenasimportantandinfluentialsourcesofnewsandopinions.Somanypeoplereadblogsnowthatithasevenbeensuggestedthatsomeblogsmayhavebeenpowerfulenoughtoinfluencetheresultoftherecent
49、U.S.election. Blogsareveryeasytosetup.Allyouneedisacomputer,aninternetconnectionandthedesiretowritesomething.Ablogdiffersfromatraditionalinternetsiteintwoways.First,ablogisonepageconsistingmostlyoftexts,thoughafewpicturesaresometimesprovided.Second,andmoreimportantly,ablogisaspaceforpeopletorespondtowhatyouwrite.Thebestblogsaresimilartoonlinediscussions,wherepeoplewriteinresponsetowhatthebloggerhaswritten.Blogsareregularlyupdatedbusyblogsareupdatedeveryday,oreveneve
