1、2008年四川大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：78.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：1，分数：40.00)It is acknowledged that the modern musical show is America“s most original and dynamic contribution toward theater. In the last quarter of a century, America has produced large【C1】_of musical plays that have been popular abroad【C
2、2】_at home. 【C3】_. it is very difficult to explain【C4】_is new or【C5】_American about them, for the【C6】_are centuries old. Perhaps the uniqueness of America“s contribution to the【C7】_can best be characterized through brief descriptions of several of the most important and best-known musicals, one of t
3、hese is surely Oklahoma by Richard Rogers and Oscar Hamerstein. It burst【C8】_popularity in 1943, Broadway audience and critics were【C9】_by its【C10】_. vitality and excitement. This “new“ type of musical was【C11】_as kind of【C12】_theater in which the play, the music and lyrics, the dancing, and the sce
4、nic background were assembled not merely to provide entertainment and【C13】_. but to【C14】_in a single unifying whole to contribute its unique feature. 【C15】_. it meant that the songs and dances should【C16】_naturally out of the situations of the story and play an important part in carrying the action【
5、C17】_. In Oklahoma, an American folk-dance style was organically combined with classical ballet and modern dance. It is right to say that the musical was a brilliantly integrated performance by the talented dancers and singing actors. Oklahoma also marked a new【C18】_in the choice of story on which a
6、 musical is based. Writers and composers began to abandon the sentimentally picturesque or aristocratic setting【C19】_more realistic stories in authentic social and cultural【C20】_. Oklahoma was based on a “folk“ whose story dealt not only with young love but also with the opening of the American West
7、.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.numberB.amountC.quantityD.numbers(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.betterB.instead ofC.as well asD.rather than(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.YetC.MoreoverD.Thus(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.thatC.whatD.how(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.characteristicallyB.particularlyC.mainlyD.exactly(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）
8、A.factorsB.ingredientsC.composersD.facts(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.traitB.featureC.genreD.style(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.withB.intoC.out intoD.in(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.struckB.touchedC.movedD.hit(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.vivacityB.originalityC.creativityD.dynamic(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.conceivedB.thoughtC.believedD.perceived(
9、12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.specialB.peculiarC.grossD.total(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.varietyB.amusementC.sundriesD.fun(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.mixB.joinC.putD.share(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.In other wordsB.sum upC.On the contraryD.Generally speaking(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.ariseB.deriveC.raiseD.originate(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.
10、outB.onC.forwardD.through(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.directionB.wayC.methodD.epoch(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.forB.withC.withoutD.except(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.circumstancesB.contextC.situationD.surrounding二、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：30.00)If you had asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant critic for The New Times
11、, or any established publication, I would have replied, without a second thought, “Of course not!“ And not just because I did not want to think of myself as an ambitious sort. Working in restaurants was honest labor anyone could see that. Writing about for the mainstream press was not; it felt like
12、joining the enemy. But reviewing was fun, so much fun that when mainstream publishers started paying me for my opinions, I didn“t do the decent thing. Before I knew it, I had stopped cooking professionally. Then I stopped cooking altogether. “She“s joined the leisure class,“ my friends said. I disar
13、med my critics by inviting them along; nobody I knew could afford to eat out and nobody refused. We went with equal amounts of guilt and pleasure, with a feeling that we were trespassing on the playgrounds of the rich. We didn“t belong in those starchy restaurants. We always got the worst table. And
14、 then, because I didn“t own a credit card, I had to pay in cash. The year turned into two, and three, and more. I got a credit card. I got good clothes. I was writing for increasingly“ prestigious. Meanwhile, a voice inside me kept whispering, “How could you?“ When I receive weekly letters from peop
15、le who think it is indecent to write about $ 100 meals while half the world is hungry, the voice yacks right along. “They“re absolutely right,“ it whispers. And when it asks, “When are you going to grow up and get a real job?“ It sounds a lot like my mother. And just about then is when I tell the vo
16、ice to shut up. Because when my mother starts telling me that all I“m doing with my life is telling rich people where to eat, I realize how much the world has changed. Yes, there are still restaurants where rich people go to remind themselves that they are different from you and me. But there are fe
17、wer and fewer of them. As American food has come of age, American restaurants have changed. Going out to eat used to be like going to the opera today, it is more like going the movies.（分数：10.00）(1).Why would the author have refused to accept the job as a restaurant critic if people had asked her the
18、n?（分数：2.00）A.Because she was ambitious.B.Because she didn“t think highly of the job.C.Because she didn“t think well of the job as a cook.D.Because she didn“t want to criticize anyone.(2).The word “decent“ in do the decent thing in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.very profitableB.mor
19、ally acceptableC.fairly attractiveD.very pleasant(3).In Paragraph 4, by “The year turned into two, three and more,“ the author means that_.（分数：2.00）A.she went on and on working in restaurantsB.she lived a luxurious life for many yearsC.she kept working for publications until she got a credit cardD.s
20、he went on and on Writing as a restaurants critic(4).Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Most American can“t afford to eat out.B.American food has remained unchanged.C.American like going to the movies.D.Food in most American restaurants is cheap.(5).Which of th
21、e following can be concluded from this article?（分数：2.00）A.Cooks are respected in the U.S.B.The author was once a cook.C.Rich people like going to the theatre.D.Restaurants critics all feel guilty.The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “a
22、ttachment“ period from birth to three may scar a child“s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby“s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, a
23、nd many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societi
24、es, such as the Ngoin, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried ou
25、t, and even if they were, the result would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, but tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle
26、 the issue. But Bowlby“s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find
27、 the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of chil
28、d care at this time. The matter. Then, is far from clear-out, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?（分数：2.00）A.Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive e
29、ffect of day care for children at the age of three or older.B.Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.C.The first three years of one“s life is extremely important to the later development of personality.D.Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more
30、 readily than children over three.(2).Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby“s work?（分数：2.00）A.Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.B.Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child“s development.C.A child sent to a day care center before th
31、e age of three may have emotional problem in later life.D.Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child“s personality.(3).It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that_.（分数：2.00）A.the parents-child relationship is more exclusive i
32、n modern societiesB.a child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problem in later life.C.mother bring up children with the help of her husband in traditional societiesD.children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years(4).Which of t
33、he following statements in NOT an argument against Bowlby“s theory?（分数：2.00）A.Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children“s development.B.The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.C.The separation of young children from their parents is c
34、ommon in some traditional societies.D.Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.(5).Which of the following best expresses the writer“s attitude towards early day care?（分数：2.00）A.Children under three should stay with their parents.B.Early day care has positive effect
35、s on children“s development.C.The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.D.The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost facet of our life, educated
36、people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to att
37、ain of one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. This book is written for the intelligent student of lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person
38、who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of
39、any coursesimply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship
40、 between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. We have tried to present in this book a
41、n accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all s
42、egments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals.
43、To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the hu
44、man equally. We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn“t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary wa
45、y to earn a living.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, “scientific subculture“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.cultural groups that are formed by scientistsB.people whose knowledge of science is very limitedC.the scientific communityD.people who make good contribution to science(2).We need to know something a
46、bout the structure and operation of science because_.（分数：2.00）A.it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scienceB.science affects almost every aspect of our lifeC.scientists live in a specific substructureD.it is easier to understand general characteristics of science(3).The
47、 book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who_.（分数：2.00）A.long for deeper understanding of scienceB.are good at producing various gadgetsC.work in a storehouse of dried factsD.are interested in popular science(4).According to this passage,_.（分数：2.00）A.English is a sexist languageB.only
48、on this scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidlyC.women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our languageD.male nouns or pronouns should not used to refer to scientists(5).This passage most probably is_.（分数：2.00）A.a book reviewB.the preface of a bookC
49、.the post script of a bookD.the concluding part of a book三、英译汉(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Translate the following passages into Chinese. Each translated passage will account for 15 points. Give the number of the passage on your ANSWER SHEET. A man only begins to be a man when he ceases to whine his adverse conditions, and commences to search for the hidden justice which regulates his life. And as he adapts his mind to that regulating factor, he ceases to accuse oth
