1、MBA 联考英语真题 2011 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has (1) across the Web.Can privacy be preserved (2) bring
2、ing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly (3) ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a (4) to make the Web a safer place a “voluntary trusted identity“ system that would be the high-tech (5) of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID
3、 card, all rolled (6) one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential (7) to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to (8) a federation of private online identity systems. User could (9) which system to join, and only regi
4、stered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license (10) by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on“ systems that make it possible fo
5、r users to (11) just once but use many different services.(12) , the approach would create a “walled garden“ cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods“ and bright “streetlights“ to establish a sense of a (13) community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem“ in which “individuals and organiza
6、tions can complete online transactions with (14) ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructrue (15) which the transaction runs“.Still, the administrations plan has (16) privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that su
7、ch a scheme is an initiative push toward what would (17) be a compulsory Internet “drives license“ mentality.The plan has also been greeted with (18) by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem“ envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet (19) . Th
8、ey argue that all Internet users should be (20) to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.（分数：20.00）A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.riddenA.forB.withinC.whileD.thoughA.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helplessA.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.pr
9、oposalA.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalentA.byB.intoC.fromD.overA.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.comparedA.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improveA.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realizeA.releasedB.issuedC.distributedD.deliveredA.carry onB.linger onC.set inD.log inA.In vainB.In effectC.In returnD
10、.In contrastA.trustedB.modernizedC.thrivingD.competingA.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patienceA.onB.afterC.beyondD.acrossA.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.unitedA.frequentlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventuallyA.skepticismB.relevanceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasmA.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerable
11、D.invisibleA.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forced二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both ro
12、les without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unmarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too
13、 much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price is
14、falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed
15、from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise“ disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departrue, the probability that the company will subsequently have to rest
16、ate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is s
17、uggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.“ Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a
18、 firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again
19、 very popular on campus.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for_.（分数：2.00）A.gaining excessive profitsB.failing to fulfill her dutyC.refusing to make compromisesD.leaving the board in tough times(2).We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.（分
20、数：2.00）A.generous investorsB.unbiased executivesC.share price forecastersD.independent advisers(3).According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside directors surprise departrue, the firm is likely to_.（分数：2.00）A.become more stableB.report increased earningsC.do less well in the sto
21、ck marketD.perform worse in lawsuits(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors_.（分数：2.00）A.may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB.have often had records of wrongdoings in the firmC.are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD.will decline incentives from the
22、firm(5).The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is_.（分数：2.00）A.permissiveB.positiveC.scornfulD.critical四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not al
23、ready fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. Americas Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting
24、 soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. N
25、ot the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer
26、products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and adve
27、rtisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more s
28、table.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are
29、 less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “Newspapers like . their own doom“ (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper_.（分数：2.00）A.neglected the sign of crisisB.failed to get state subsidiesC.were not charitab
30、le corporationsD.were in a desperate situation(2).Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because_.（分数：2.00）A.readers threatened to pay lessB.newspapers wanted to reduce costsC.journalists reported little about these areasD.subscribers complained about slimmer products(3).Compar
31、ed with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they_.（分数：2.00）A.have more sources of revenueB.have more balanced newsroomsC.are less dependent on advertisingD.are less affected by readership(4).What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current news
32、paper business?（分数：2.00）A.Distinctiveness is an essential featrue of newspapers.B.Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.C.Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.D.Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.(5).The most appropriate title for this t
33、ext would be_.（分数：2.00）A.American Newspapers: Struggling for SurvivalB.American Newspapers: Gone with the WindC.American Newspapers: A Thriving BusinessD.American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story五、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosp
34、erity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had lea
35、rned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the futrue, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more“ was actually first popularized by a German, t
36、he architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architectrue schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architectrue
37、, but none more so that Mies.Miess signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today but
38、 that in the 1940s symbolized the futrue. Miess sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicagos Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units u
39、nder 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the citys Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.T
40、he trend toward “less“ was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses“ commissioned from tale
41、nted modern architects by California Arts Architectrue magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more“ trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just h
42、ow the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life - few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers - but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.（分数：10.00）(1).The postwar American housing style largely reflecte
43、d the Americans_.（分数：2.00）A.prosperity and growthB.efficiency and practicalityC.restraint and confidenceD.pride and faithfulness(2).Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?（分数：2.00）A.It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.B.Its designing concept was affected by Worl
44、d War II.C.Most American architects used to be associated with it.D.It had a great influence upon American architectrue.(3).Mies held that elegance of architectural design_.（分数：2.00）A.was related to large spaceB.was identified with emptinessC.was not reliant on abundant decorationD.was not associate
45、d with efficiency(4).What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicagos Lake Shore Drive?（分数：2.00）A.They ignored details and proportions.B.They were built with materials popular at that time.C.They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.D.They shared some characteristics of abstract art
46、.(5).What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House“?（分数：2.00）A.Mechanical devices were widely used.B.Natural scenes were taken into consideration.C.Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.D.Eco-friendly materials were employed.六、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Will the European Union make
47、 it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the projects greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle“ of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries th
48、at use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zones economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europes single currency
49、 from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zones dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, marked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a countrys voting rights in
