1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 95 及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun. Nobody knows who
2、 first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century B.C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a s
3、ymbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the f
4、irst persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680,
5、 the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that
6、womens umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.（分数：10.00）(1).The first use of umbrella was as_.（分数：2.00）A.protection against rainB.a shade against the sunC.a symbol of powerD.a symbol of honor(2)._were the people who first used umbrellas.（分数：2.00）A.ChineseB.RomansC.GreeksD.Egyptians(
7、3).The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices_.（分数：2.00）A.in Europe in the 18th centuryB.in ancient Egypt and BabylonC.in the Far East in ancient timesD.during the Middle Ages(4).According to the passage, which of the following is not true?（分数：2.00）A.Women enjoy using umbrella
8、s with varied kinds of colors nowadays.B.The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C.Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas.D.Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times.(5).Which of the following is the best title of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.When Was the Umbrella Invented?B.The Histor
9、y of UmbrellaC.UmbrellaA Symbol of HonorD.Who Used Umbrella First?Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England. “One man draws out the
10、 wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in
11、 this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.“ Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins per worker. Bu
12、t if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this bu
13、t he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what the
14、y already have.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to_.（分数：2.00）A.take advantage of the division of laborB.introduce the division of labor into EnglandC.understand the effects of the division of laborD.explain the causes of the division of labor(2).Adam Smith saw
15、that the division of labor_.（分数：2.00）A.enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaplyB.increased the possible output per workerC.increased the number of people employed in factoriesD.improved the quality of pins produced(3).Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to_.（分数：2.00）
16、A.show the advantages of the division of laborB.show the advantages of the old craft systemC.emphasize how powerful the individual worker wasD.emphasize the importance of increased production(4).According to the writer, Adam Smiths mistake was in believing that division of labor_.（分数：2.00）A.was an e
17、fficient way of organizing workB.was an important development in methods of productionC.certainly led to economic developmentD.increased the production of existing goods(5).Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Adam Smith, the English EconomistB.The Th
18、eory of Division of LaborC.Division of Labor, an Efficient Way of Organizing WorkD.Adam Smith, the Last Discoverer of Division of LaborIn the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakf
19、ast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes its a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call communica
20、tes its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A., guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world it may
21、 be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently; pr
22、omptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business friend waiting for an hour; it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is expected to make
23、a short apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.（分数：10.00）(1).“The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.“. Here “attached“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.takenB.drawnC.givenD.shown(2).Supposin
24、g one wants to make a telephone call at midnight, this would mean_.（分数：2.00）A.the matter is less importantB.the matter is somewhat importantC.the matter requires immediate attentionD.it is a matter of life and death(3).According to this passage, time plays an important role in_.（分数：2.00）A.everyday l
25、ifeB.private lifeC.communicationsD.transmission(4).The best title for this passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.The Voices of TimeB.The Saving of TimeC.The Importance of an AnnouncementD.Time and Tide Wait for No Man(5).According to the passage, the author of the article may agree with which of the follow stateme
26、nts?（分数：2.00）A.It is appropriate to send your invitation cards three of four days before a dinner party date in the U.SB.It may be appropriate to send your invitation cards to your guests three or four days before a dinner party date in some cultures.C.It is best for one to make telephone calls at n
27、ight because it costs much less.D.If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology.The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and cant be told from one another. But many of them still talk about where their ancestors came from. I
28、t is something they are proud of. The original Americans, of course were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France. One problem the United States has always had is discrimination. As new groups came to the
29、United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enough the worst discrimination today is shown
30、 towards the Indians. One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinatown in New York. The Dutch settlement in P
31、ennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a racial group. Although some groups have kept t
32、hemselves separate and others have been discriminated against, all groups have helped make the United States a great county. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great country. Many people still come from other cou
33、ntries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States will still need the help of people from all racial groups to rema
34、in a great country.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The United States is a country made up of many different races.B.Discrimination is the most serious problem in the United States.C.All races in the United States have helped
35、make the country a great one.D.The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard work of the most discriminated races.(2).In the first paragraph the word “told“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.separatedB.distinguishedC.revealedD.made known(3).This passage implies that discrimination is a problem which
36、_.（分数：2.00）A.many races in the United States have experiencedB.will still be very serious in the United States in the futureC.has already been solved in the United StatesD.is strongly opposed by many different races in the United States(4).The main reason why the Indians are most discriminated again
37、st is that_.（分数：2.00）A.they have tried hard to keep their religionsB.they have tried hard to live together to keep their Indian customsC.they are the only ones who have tried to keep their identityD.they discriminate many other races(5).The Dutch live separately in Pennsylvania_.（分数：2.00）A.to escape
38、 discriminationB.to keep together in a racial groupC.to enjoy themselves in their own townsD.for religious reasons考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 95 答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umb
39、rella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun. Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century B.C. We know that the umbrella was use
40、d in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to us
41、e the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared ag
42、ain in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style
43、 during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.（分数：10.00）(1).The first use of umbrella was as_.（分数：2.00）A.protection against rainB.a shade against the sun C.a symbol of po
44、werD.a symbol of honor解析：解析：本题的依据是第 1 段的最后一句话 Its first use was a shade against the sun。因此 B项为正确答案。(2)._were the people who first used umbrellas.（分数：2.00）A.Chinese B.RomansC.GreeksD.Egyptians解析：解析：本题的依据是文章第 2 段的最后一句话 Probably the first to use it were the Chinese，因此 A 项为正确答案。(3).The umbrella was used
45、 only by royalty or by those in high offices_.（分数：2.00）A.in Europe in the 18th centuryB.in ancient Egypt and BabylonC.in the Far East in ancient times D.during the Middle Ages解析：解析：本题的依据是文章第 3 段的最后一句话：In the Far East in ancient times，the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in
46、 high offices。因此 C 项为正确答案。(4).According to the passage, which of the following is not true?（分数：2.00）A.Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors nowadays.B.The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C.Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas.D.Umbrellas were popular and cheap in
47、ancient times. 解析：解析：综观全文，只有 D 项文中并未提及，因此 D 项是正确答案。(5).Which of the following is the best title of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.When Was the Umbrella Invented?B.The History of Umbrella C.UmbrellaA Symbol of HonorD.Who Used Umbrella First?解析：解析：从文中内容可知，作者是在按照时间顺序讲述伞的历史，因此 B 项是正确答案。Adam Smith, writing in th
48、e 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England. “One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at th
49、e top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.“ Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins pe
