1、南开大学考博英语真题 2010 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Comp(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.With technological developments, some labor-intensive industries have _ high-tech industries.（分数：2.00）A.given upB.stepped asideC.stood alongD.yielded to2.Economic activity has been org
2、anized on the _ of cheap and abundant oil from the beginning of the 20th century.（分数：2.00）A.gistB.notionC.rationaleD.premise3.Owing to a/an _ lack of lower-income housing, the municipal government is embarrassed by the impressing housing issue.（分数：2.00）A.acuteB.stressfulC.demandingD.urgent4.The idea
3、 that machines could be made to fly seemed _ two hundred years ago.（分数：2.00）A.originalB.eccentricC.terrificD.splendid5.The policy _ it necessary for the town“s safety to arrest most speeders.（分数：2.00）A.narratedB.elaboratedC.deemedD.commended6.If you do something on _, you do it because you suddenly
4、want to, although you haven“t planned to.（分数：2.00）A.impulseB.pulseC.impromptuD.imminence7.We had no computer back-up and had to rely on old paper files to _ the records we lost.（分数：2.00）A.remedyB.reconditionC.reconstructD.register8.A _ is an occasion at which people who have great knowledge of a par
5、ticular subject meet in order to discuss a matter of interest.（分数：2.00）A.conventionB.congressC.symposiumD.conference9.In some cases nowadays concerning job hunting, one had to _ 1,000 competitors to get a position.（分数：2.00）A.stand outB.edge outC.squeeze inD.jostle against10.A(An) _ is a person who k
6、nows a great deal about a particular subject and whose advice on it may be taken by others.（分数：2.00）A.consulB.mentorC.eliteD.pundit11.Total investments for this year reached $56 million, and to put this into _ investments this year will double those made in 1997.（分数：2.00）A.sightB.perspectiveC.vision
7、D.horizon12.There was not _ of evidence to suggest that he committed the crimes, so the case was dismissed in the court.（分数：2.00）A.scrapB.screwC.scratchD.scrape13.The basic _ of their philosophy is that everyone should be free to do as they please, as long as they do not harm others.（分数：2.00）A.requi
8、siteB.conceptionC.premiseD.opinion14.The spring of last year witnessed the _ of the strange weather.（分数：2.00）A.adaptationB.shiftC.vicissitudeD.kaleidoscope15.Countless billions of _ sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed.（分数：2.00）A.secondB.minuteC.hourD.day三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，
9、分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：8.00)No matter what you think about testing rends, one thing is clear: as long as there is teaching and learning, there will be testing. But how much credit do those charts and numbers deserve? When you review a school“s test scores at a school board meeting, always lo
10、ok beyond the basic numbers. The scores for a single school in a single year have limited value for judging school performance. Equally important is “trend data“ test scores from several years that show you how a school“s performance has changed over time. Additionally, comparing a school to other s
11、chools with similar demographics may give your perspective on where the school stands relative to other schools like it. You can also learn a lot from data that is broken down by ethnic group and socioeconomic level. A school is only truly successful when it achieves high performance with students a
12、cross all ethnic and social groups. On the other hand, the next time you hear somebody say, “That school is the best in the district because it has the highest test scores,“ make a point to respond: “I“d love to know more about what“s happening at the school that accounts for those scores, but I can
13、“t assume that it“s the best school just based on one piece of evidence. What you know about the school“s teaching methods, the leadership of the principal, or its climate of safety?“ Take time to investigate these other measures of school quality before making judgments about a school. To communica
14、te with your child certainly is the final way. Raise your hand if you“ve heard some stories about students begging to stay home on test day. Is this level of anxiety appropriate? The correct answer is no! When your child“s class is preparing for its annual standardized testing marathon, let your chi
15、ld know that while you hope she does her best on the test, it“s not a competition. Explain that the results may help her and her teacher understand the areas where she might be especially strong or where she may need to focus more.（分数：8.00）(1).The second paragraph implies that when you review a scho
16、ol“s test scores _.（分数：2.00）A.you should give priority to the stores for this yearB.you should take into an account the performance of the students across all ethnic and social groupsC.you needn“t refer to the test scores in the past several yearsD.you don“t need to compare a school with others sinc
17、e you are only concerned about your children“s scores(2).According to the author, when we evaluate the quality of a school, the following factors should be involved EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.teaching methodsB.leadership of the principalC.relationship with other schoolsD.safety(3).In the last paragraph of
18、this passage, the word “anxiety“ in the sentence “Is this level of anxiety appropriate?“ implies the child“s serious concern about _.（分数：2.00）A.strict teachersB.competitive examC.unsafe conditions of the schoolD.no care from the parents(4).What is the most proper title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Ge
19、t Smart about School Test ScoresB.Don“t Look up to the Test ScoresC.The Scores Matter a LotD.Deal Better with the Child and Scores五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：8.00)There are four basic types of competition in business that form a continuum from pure competition through monopolistic competition and oligopo
20、ly (商品应垄断) to monopoly. At one end of the continuum, pure competition results when every company has a similar product. Companies that deal in commodities such as wheat or corn are often involved in pure competition. In pure competition, it is often the ease and efficiency of distribution that influ
21、ences purchase. In contrast, in monopolistic competition several companies may compete for the sale of items that may be substituted. The classic example of monopolistic competition is coffee and tea. If the price of one is perceived as too high, consumers may begin to purchase the other. Coupons an
22、d other discounts are often used as part of a marketing strategy to influence sales. Oligopoly occurs when a few companies dominate the sales of a product or service. For example, only five airline carriers control more than 70 percent of all ticket sales in the United States. In oligopoly, serious
23、competition is not considered desirable because it would result in reduced revenue for every company in the group. Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously is also usual. Finally, monopoly
24、occurs when only one firm sells the product. Some monopolies have been tolerated for producers of goods and services that have been considered basic or essential, including electricity and water. In these cases, it is government control, rather than competition, that protects and influences sales.（分
25、数：8.00）(1).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.MonopoliesB.The Commodity MarketC.The Competition ContinuumD.The Best Type of Competition(2).An example of a product in monopolistic competition is _.（分数：2.00）A.cornB.electricityC.airline ticketsD.coffee(3).What doe
26、s the author mean by the statement “Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously also usual“?（分数：2.00）A.It is not unusual for all companies to increase prices at the same timeB.It is common for
27、 companies to compete for customers by lowering pricesC.Customers may lose money when companies have price warsD.Prices are lower during price wars, but they are usually higher afterward(4).The word “it“ in Paragraph 3 refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.a product or serviceB.competitionC.revenueD.oligopoly六、Pas
28、sage Three(总题数：1，分数：8.00)In August 2004, Duke University provided free iPods to its entire freshman class. The next month, a Korean education firm offered free downloadable college entrance exam lectures to students who purchased an iRiver personal multimedia player. That October, a financial tradin
29、g firm in Chicago was reportedly assessing the hand-eye coordination of traders“ using GameBoys. Yet while such innovative applications abound, the use of technology in education and training is far from new, a fact as true in language classrooms as it is in medical schools. Practically since their
30、availability, a succession of audiovisual recording devices ( e. g. , reel-to- reel, VCRs, PCs) has been used to capture language samples, and myriad playback and broadcast devices (e. g. , phonographs, radios, televisions) have provided access to authentic speech samples. The espousal of audiolingu
31、al theory in the 1950s brought the widespread use of the language laboratory in educational settings. Influenced by behaviorism, the lab was progressively replaced in the 1960s by drill-based computer-assisted instruction, which decades later was itself surpassed by a more intelligent, interactive a
32、nd multimedia computer-assisted language learning. The popular acceptance of the Internet in the 1990s advanced the development of computer-mediated communications. As technologies continue to evolve, so does their propensity to shrink in size. “Other technologies that hold the capacity for language
33、 learning include PDAs, multimedia cellular phones, MP3 players, DVD players, and digital dictionaries. “ Such portable mediareferred to in popular and scholarly literature as mobile, wireless, handheld or nomadicare now social staples. Mobile learning, or m-learning, is a burgeoning subdivision of
34、the e-learning movement, further evidenced by European initiatives such as m-learning and Mobilearn. In this paper, applied fusions of m-learning and language learning follow, after which their benefits and challenges are reviewed.（分数：8.00）(1).What is the article introduction specifically deals with
35、?（分数：2.00）A.Language learningB.Emerging technologyC.Mobile assisted language learningD.Wired learning(2).The word “espousal“ in paragraph two can be best replaced by _.（分数：2.00）A.advocateB.supportC.ideaD.perception(3).Mobile learning is a burgeoning subdivision of the e-learning movement in the sens
36、e that you can study without _.（分数：2.00）A.iPhoneB.laptopC.PDAD.desktop computer(4).Behaviorism language learning strategy does not include _.（分数：2.00）A.pattern drillsB.learner autonomyC.rote memorizationD.repetition七、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Most Americans believe that our society of consumption-h
37、appy, fun-loving, jet-traveling people creates the greats happiness for the greatest number. Contrary to this view, I believe that our present way of life leads to increasing anxiety, helplessness and, eventually, to the disintegration of our cultures. I refuse to identify fun with pleasure, consump
38、tion with joy, busyness with happiness, or the faceless, buck-passing “organization man“ with an independent individual. Modem industrialism has succeeded in producing this kind of man. He is the “alienated“ man. He is alienated in the sense that his actions, and his own forces have become estranged
39、 from him; they stand above him and against him, and rule him rather than being ruled by him. His life forces have been transformed into things and institutions, and these things and institutions have become idols. They are something apart from him, which he worships and to which he submits. Alienat
40、ed man bows down before the works of his own hands. He experiences himself not as the active bearer of his own forces and riches but as an impoverished “thing“, dependent on other things outside of himself. He is the prisoner of the very economic and political circumstances which he has created. Sin
41、ce our economic organizations is based on continuous and ever-increasing consumption (think of the threat to our economy if people did not buy a new car until their old one was really obsolete), contemporary industrial man is encouraged to be consumption-crazy. Without any real enjoyment, he “takes
42、in“ drink, food, cigarettes, sights, lectures, books, movies, television, any new kind of gadget. The world has become one great maternal breast, and man has become the eternal suckling, forever expectant, forever disappointed. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by
43、 a bureaucracy in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, fringe benefits, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human relations“ experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerles
44、s, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blueand white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.（分数：8.00）(1).Modern industrialized society needs men who are _.（分数：2
45、.00）A.individualistic in their tastesB.capable of commanding the social machineC.obedient and submissiveD.free and independent(2).An alienated man is one who is _.（分数：2.00）A.in control of economic and political circumstancesB.ruled by the things he createsC.worshipped as an idolD.more interested in
46、women than in sports cars(3).Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern industrial society?（分数：2.00）A.Ever increasing consumptionB.BureaucracyC.Ever-increasing power of manD.Automated machines(4).The word “prisoner“ in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 closely means _.（分数：2.00）A.the per
47、son who is detained by policeB.the person who is being put behind barC.the person who is confined to his circumstancesD.the person who is being kept away from the normal life八、Passage Five(总题数：1，分数：8.00)There is a confusion about two distinct questions: (a) will computers made books obsolete? and (b
48、) will computers make written and printed material obsolete? Let us suppose that computers will make books disappear (I do not think this will happen and I shall elaborate later on this point, but let us suppose so for the sake of the argument). Still, this would not entail the disappearance of prin
49、ted material. We have seen that it was wishful thinking to hope that computers, and particularly word processors, would have helped to save trees. Computers encourage the production of printed material. We can imagine a culture in which there will be no books, and yet where people go around with tons and tons of unbound sheets of paper. This will be quite unwieldy, and will pose a new problem for libraries. Debray has observed that the fact that Hebrew civi
