1、2008年南开大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析 一、选择题 1 She gets along very well with everyone, so she is the most_member of our family. （ A） congenital （ B） impetuous （ C） congenial （ D） imperious 2 Lucy Stone,_ first feminists in the United States, helped organize the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. （
2、A） the one （ B） who was the （ C） another （ D） one of the 3 A very full cup is filled to the_. （ A） plug （ B） dent （ C） hatch （ D） brim 4 The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and_to everyone. （ A） speculation （ B） attribution （ C） utilization （ D） proposition 5 At pre
3、sent, it is not possible to confirm or to refute the suggestion that there is a causal relationship between the amount of fat we eat and the_of heart attacks （ A） incidence （ B） impetus （ C） rupture （ D） emergence 6 Executives of the company enjoyed an_lifestyle of free gifts, fine wines and high sa
4、laries. （ A） exquisite （ B） extravagant （ C） exotic （ D） eccentric 7 A membership card_the holder to use the clubs facilities for a period of twelve months. （ A） approves （ B） authorizes （ C） rectifies （ D） endows 8 The members of the club voted to_the meeting until after lunch. （ A） adjourn （ B） ad
5、join （ C） adjust （ D） adjudge 9 What I am telling you is strictly_. Dont let anyone know of it. （ A） secretive （ B） special （ C） confident （ D） confidential 10 She felt sad for a while, but fortunately, the feeling was_. （ A） short-sighted （ B） transitory （ C） shifty （ D） transcendent 11 Supposing t
6、he weather _ bad, where would you go? （ A） is （ B） will be （ C） were （ D） be 12 Van Goghs rise to_fame as one of the worlds great artists came despite the fact that he scarcely sold a single painting during his lifetime. （ A） postmodern （ B） posthumous （ C） postmortem （ D） posterior 13 _your request
7、 for an additional assistant, I can only say at this stage that this is being considered. （ A） For the purpose of （ B） In regard to （ C） In terms of （ D） In view of 14 Money sent_the broadcast appeal will be used to buy blankets and medical supplies. （ A） in favor of （ B） in return for （ C） in excha
8、nge for （ D） in response to 15 Sheep, cattle and antelope are_, unlike dogs and cats, they show no interest in meat. （ A） voracious （ B） omnivorous （ C） carnivorous （ D） herbivorous 16 A body weighs_from the surface of the earth. （ A） less the farther it gets （ B） the farther it gets, the less （ C）
9、less than it gets farther （ D） less than the farther it gets 17 Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of _reality. （ A） that is conceived （ B） that is being conceived of （ C） what it is conceived （ D） what is conceived to be 18 Captain Henry,_, crept slowly through the underb
10、rush. （ A） being remote from the enemy （ B） attempting to not encounter the enemy （ C） trying to avoid the enemy （ D） not involving himself in the enemy 19 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree_they can be deliberately controlled and modified. （ A） to which （ B） in whic
11、h （ C） at which （ D） on which 20 The formal language he used was much too_for his trivial subject. （ A） austere （ B） eccentric （ C） pompous （ D） languid 二、完形填空 20 For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the best one and mark your answer on
12、 the Answer Sheet. Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They【 C1】 _that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the【 C2】 _man. But they insisted that its【 C3】 _results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widesprea
13、d poverty, and misery for the【 C4】 _of the English population. 【 C5】 _contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a【 C6】 _agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, 【 C7】 _, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialist
14、s【 C8】_history and economics, have【 C9】 _two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was【 C10】 _by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 21 【 C1】 （ A） admitted （ B） believed （ C） claimed （
15、D） predicted 22 【 C2】 （ A） plain （ B） average （ C） mean （ D） normal 23 【 C3】 （ A） momentary （ B） prompt （ C） instant （ D） immediate 24 【 C4】 （ A） bulk （ B） host （ C） gross （ D） magnitude 25 【 C5】 （ A） On （ B） With （ C） For （ D） By 26 【 C6】 （ A） broadly （ B） thoroughly （ C） generally （ D） completely
16、27 【 C7】 （ A） however （ B） meanwhile （ C） therefore （ D） moreover 28 【 C8】 （ A） at （ B） in （ C） about （ D） for 29 【 C9】 （ A） manifested （ B） approved （ C） shown （ D） speculated 30 【 C10】 （ A） noted （ B） impressed （ C） labeled （ D） marked 三、阅读理解 30 There are four passages in this part. Each passage i
17、s followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were fe
18、w and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. Unable to fina
19、nce road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with the interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike,
20、 a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates.(The states had unquestioned authority t
21、o regulate private business in this period.) The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. Such was t
22、he road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1, 500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie. Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier, wagons and passenger stagecoaches. The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a veh
23、icle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all, but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill. Covered with canvas and drawn by fo
24、ur to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier. Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most common of which had four benches, each holding three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs; slender poles held up the top
25、, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain. 31 Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of the_. （ A） popularity of turnpikes （ B） financing of new roads （ C） development of the interior （ D） laws governing road use 32 In 1790 most roads connected towns in th
26、e interior of the country with_. （ A） other inland communities （ B） towns in other states （ C） river towns or seaports （ D） construction sites 33 The phrase “on the threshold of in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） in need of （ B） in place of （ C） at the start of （ D） with the purpose of 3
27、4 According to the passage, why did states want private companies to help with road building? （ A） The states could not afford to build roads themselves. （ B） The states were not as well equipped as private companies. （ C） Private companies could complete roads faster than the states. （ D） Private c
28、ompanies had greater knowledge of the interior. 35 Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state that_. （ A） built roads without tollgates （ B） built roads with government money （ C） completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one year （ D） introduced new law restricting road use 36 The “large, broad whe
29、els“ of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in the last paragraph as an example of a feature of wagons that was_. （ A） unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehicles （ B） first found in Germany （ C） effective on roads with uneven surfaces （ D） responsible for frequent damage to freight 36 Drunken driving
30、sometimes called Americas socially accepted form of murderhas become a national infectious disease. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past decade. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.01
31、blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American strong man image and judges were not severe in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized trag
32、edies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant. Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doub
33、led, so the state recently upped it back to 21. Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes“ about drinking and teach them to resist strong pressure to drink. Tough new law
34、s have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. An inn in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously drunk“ and l
35、ater drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy. As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1991, what President Hoover called the “noble experiment“. They forget that
36、 legal prohibition didnt stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution. 37 Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because_. （ A） most Americans are heavy drinkers （ B） Americans are now less shoc
37、ked by road accidents （ C） accidents attract so much publicity （ D） drinking is a socially accepted habit in America 38 Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed? （ A） Detailed statistics are now available. （ B） The news media have revealed the problem. （ C） Judges are giving more sev
38、ere sentences. （ D） Drivers are more conscious of their image. 39 Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that_. （ A） many drivers were not of legal age （ B） young drivers were often bad drivers （ C） the level of drinking increased in the 1960s （ D） the legal drinking age should be raised 40 Laws
39、recently introduced in some states have_. （ A） reduced the number of punishment （ B） resulted in fewer serious accidents （ C） prevented bars from serving drunken customers （ D） specified the amount drivers can drink 41 Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve? （ A） Alcohol is ea
40、sily obtained. （ B） Drinking is linked to organized crime. （ C） Legal prohibition has already failed. （ D） Legislation alone is not sufficient. 41 Native Americans probably arrived from Asia in successive waves over several millennia, crossing a plain hundreds of miles wide that now lies inundated b
41、y 160 feet of water released by melting glaciers. For several periods of time, the first beginning around 60, 000 B.C. and the last ending around 7, 000 B.C., this land bridge was open. The first people traveled in the dusty trails of the animals they hunted. They brought with them not only their fa
42、milies, weapons, and tools but also a broad metaphysical understanding, sprung from dreams and visions and articulated in myth and song, which complemented their scientific and historical knowledge of the lives of animals and of people. All this they shaped in a variety of languages, bringing into b
43、eing oral literatures of power and beauty. Contemporary readers, forgetting the origins of western epic, lyric, and dramatic forms, are easily disposed to think of “literature“ only as something written. But on reflection it becomes clear that the more critically useful as well as the more frequentl
44、y employed sense of the term concerns the artfulness of the verbal creation, not its mode of presentation. Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation, because some significant verbal achievement results from the struggle in words between
45、tradition and talent. Verbal art has the ability to shape out a compelling inner vision in some skillfully crafted public verbal form. Of course, the differences between the written and oral modes of expression are not without consequences for an understanding of Native American literature. The esse
46、ntial difference is that a speech event is an evolving communication, an “emergent form“, the shape, functions and aesthetic values of which become more clearly realized over the course of the performance. In performing verbal art, the performer assumes responsibility for the manner as well as the c
47、ontent of the performance, while the audience assumes the responsibility for evaluating the performers competence in both areas. It is this intense mutual engagement that elicits the display of skill and shapes the emerging performance. Where written literature provides us with a tradition of texts,
48、 oral literature offers a tradition of performances. 42 According to the passage, why did the first people who came to North America leave their homeland? （ A） They were hoping to find a better climate. （ B） They were seeking freedom. （ C） They were following instructions given in a dream. （ D） They
49、 were looking for food. 43 The word “compelling“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to_. （ A） joyous （ B） intricate （ C） competing （ D） forceful 44 What is the main point of the second paragraph? （ A） Public performance is essential to verbal art. （ B） Oral narratives are a valid form of literature. （ C） Native Americans have a strong oral tradition in art. （ D） The production o
