1、考研英语-171 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It has been necessary to refer repeatedly to the .effects of the two world wars in promoting all kind of innovation. It should beU (1) /Ualso that technological innovations haveU (2) /Uthe character of war itself by theU (3) /Uof ne
2、w mechanical and chemical device. One weapon developed during World War U (4) /Ua special mention. TheU (5) /Uof rocket propulsions was well known earlier, and its possibilities as aU (6) /Uof achieving speeds sufficient to escape from the Earths gravitational pull had beenU (7) /Uby the Russian and
3、 the American scientists. The latter built experimental liquid-fuelled rockets in 1926.U (8) /U, a group of German and Romanian pioneers was workingU (9) /Uthe same lines and in the 1930s, it was this team that developed a rocketU (10) /Uof delivering a warhead hundreds of miles away. Reaching a hei
4、ght of over 100 miles, the V-2 rocketU (11) /Uthe beginning of the Space Age, and members of its design team wereU (12) /Uin both the Soviet and United States space programs after the war.Technology had a tremendous socialU (13) /Uin the period 1900 - 1945. The automobile and electric power,U (14) /
5、U, radically changed both the scale and the quality of 20th-century life,U (15) /Ua process of rapid urbanization and a virtual revolutionU (16) /Uliving through mass production of household goods andU (17) /UThe rapid development of the airplane, the cinema, and radio made the world seem suddenly s
6、maller and moreU (18) /U. The development of many products of the chemical industry further transformed the life of most people. In the yearsU (19) /U1945 the constructive and creative opportunities of modern technology could beU (20) /U, although the process has not been without its problems.（分数：10
7、.00）A.notifiedB.observedC.commentedD.detectedA.transformedB.imitatedC.innovatedD.simulatedA.introductionB.innovationC.eliminationD.alterationA.requiresB.entitlesC.furnishesD.deservesA.principleB.disciplineC.strategyD.doctrineA.methodsB.meansC.equipmentD.mediumA.taken overB.handed overC.carded outD.p
8、ointed outA.SimultaneouslyB.AdvantageouslyC.SpontaneouslyD.InstantaneouslyA.acrossB.atC.alongD.withA.capableB.ableC.possibleD.suitableA.spoiledB.informedC.labeledD.markedA.instrumentalB.mechanicalC.structuralD.integralA.influenceB.connectionC.impactD.conflictA.on the other handB.as a resultC.on the
9、contraryD.for instanceA.encouragingB.urgingC.promotingD.assistingA.byB.inC.throughD.onA.appliancesB.utilitiesC.instrumentsD.equipmentA.perceptiveB.accessibleC.complexD.controversialA.precedingB.previousC.subsequentD.followingA.exploitedB.appliedC.adoptedD.processed二、BSection Readi(总题数：5，分数：50.00)BTe
10、xt 1/BWhat is time? Is it a thing to be saved or spent or wasted, like money? Or is it something we have no control over, like the weather? Is time the same all over the world? Thats an easy question, you say. Wherever you go, a minute is 60 seconds, an hour is 60 minutes, a day is 24 hours, and so
11、forth. Well, maybe. But in America, time is more than that. Americans see time as a very valuable resource. Maybe thats why they are fond of the expression, “Time is money.“Because Americans believe time is a limited resource, they try to conserve and manage it. People in the U.S. often attend semin
12、ars or read books on time management. It seems they all want to organize their time better. Professionals carry around pocket planners-some in electronic form-to keep track of appointments and deadlines. People do all they can to squeeze more life out of their time. The early American hero Benjamin
13、Franklin expressed this view best: “Do you love life.? Then do not waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of.“To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other peoples time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology, and maybe an explanation
14、. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay. Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly on time. At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the appointed time. But they usually dont t
15、ry that at work.To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock, People in other cultures value relationships more than schedules. In these societies, people dont try to control time, but to experience it. Many Eastern cultures, for example, view time as a cycle. The rhythm of nature-from the passing
16、 of the seasons to the monthly cycle of the moon- shapes their view of events. People learn to respond to their environment. As a result, they find it easier to “go with the flow“ than Americans, who like plans to be fixed and unchangeable.Even Americans would admit that no one can master time. Time
17、-like money- slips all too easily through our fingers. And time-like the weather-is very haut to predict. Nevertheless, time is one of lifes most precious gifts. And unwrapping it is half the fun.（分数：10.00）(1).Why Americans are fond of the expression “Time is money“?（分数：2.00）A.Because it may be save
18、d or spent or wasted.B.Because it is something we have no control over.C.Because it is equal to everyone.D.Because it is regarded as an invaluable resource.(2).Americans conserve and manage time in all the following cases EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.they often attend seminars or read books on time management
19、B.they all want to organize their time betterC.they keep track of appointments and deadlinesD.people do all they can to squeeze more life out of their time(3).The early American hero Benjamin Franklin is cited as_.（分数：2.00）A.an example of squeezing more life out of his timeB.a man who loves lifeC.a
20、summary of the above statementD.a warning to the American people(4).Which of the following is NOT true as regards punctuality in America?（分数：2.00）A.Never 30 minutes later than the appointed time in any case.B.An apology for more than 10 minutes late to an appointment.C.Calling ahead to let others kn
21、ow of the delay.D.Being exactly on time at work.(5).To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock, which is shown in the fact that_.（分数：2.00）A.they value relationships more than schedulesB.they dont try to control timeC.they view time as a cycleD.they like plans to be fixed and unchangeableBText 2/
22、BSuccessful businesses tend to continue implementing the ideas that made them successful. But in a rapidly changing world, ideas often become obsolete overnight. What worked in the past wont necessarily work in the future. In order to thrive in the future, you must constantly create new ideas for ev
23、ery aspect of your business. In fact, you must continually generate new ideas just to keep your head above water. Businesses that arent creative about their future may not survive.Although Bill Gates is the richest, most successful man on the planet, he did not anticipate the Internet. Now hes scram
24、bling to catch up. If Bill Gates can miss a major aspect of his industry, it can happen to you in your industry. Your business needs to continually innovate and create its future.Gates is now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft. Heres what he said in a recent interview in U. S. News Wor
25、ld Report: “Will we be replaced tomorrow? No. In a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company. But when you look to the two-to three-year time frame, I dont think anyone can say with a straight face that any technology company has a guaranteed position. Not Intel, not Microsoft
26、, not Compaq, not Dell, take any of your favorites. And thats totally honest.“You may remember that in 1985 the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls were the beat-selling toy on the market But after Coleco Industries introduced their sensational line of dolls they became complacent and didnt create any new toys
27、 worth mentioning. As a result, Coleco went bankrupt in 1988.The most successful businesses survive in the long term because they constantly reassess their situations and reinvent themselves accordingly. The 3M Company has a 15% rule: Employees are encouraged to spend 15% of their time developing ne
28、w ideas on any project they desire. Its no surprise, then, that 3M has been around since 1902.Most businesses are not willing to tear apart last years model of success and build a new one. Heres a familiar analogy to explain why they are lulled into complacency. Imagine that your business is like a
29、pet of lobsters. To cook lobsters, you put them into a pot of warm water and gradually turn up the heat. The lobsters dont realize theyre being cooked because the process is se gradual. As a result, they become complacent and die without a struggle. However, if you throw a lobster into the pot when
30、the water is boiling, it will desperately try to escape. This lobster is not lulled by a slowly changing environment. It realizes instantly that its in a bad environment and takes immediate action to change its status.（分数：10.00）(1).Judging from the context, “to keep your head above water ( Line 5, P
31、ara. 1 ) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.to be drownB.to keep away from dangerC.to keep out of financial difficultyD.to protect you from water(2).Why is Gates now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft?（分数：2.00）A.Because he is the richest, most successful man on the planet.B.Because his company
32、 will be replaced tomorrow.C.Because in a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company.D.Because he doesnt think that any technology company has a guaranteed position.(3).Coleco Industries case suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls were the best-selling toy on th
33、e marketB.the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls were sensational line of dollsC.complacency and lack of creation will ultimately ruin a businessD.the most successful businesses survive in the long term(4).According to this passage, the 3M Companys success lies in its_.（分数：2.00）A.constant reassessment of thei
34、r situationsB.15% ruleC.reinventionD.being around since 1902(5).By using the analogy of “throwing a lobster into a pot“, the author tries to imply that_.（分数：2.00）A.some managers are really foolish peopleB.its cruel to cook lobstersC.people are tend to become complacentD.bad environment calls for imm
35、ediate actionBText 3/BMy inspiration is my grandmother, whos still alive at 96. She raised me from the time I was 8 on a dairy farm in Wisconsin. In another era she could have done what I do, although I didnt know what a CEO was then. Im a real go-getter and dont know any other way. I tell my 12-yea
36、r-old daughter, if you have a test, why not try for an A? I dont believe in half doing something.In my career, the biggest shock came in my 20s. I loved my job as a field systems analyst at 3M, and wanted my first managers job at headquarters. They even told me I was the best candidate, totally qual
37、ified. Then they told me, “Its not possible because youre a woman.“ I was so shocked that I quit. I had this feeling of being totally blown away as I crawled back to Atlanta.I preach to people: there are no bad bosses. You learn how not to treat people. My worst boss was full of himself and wanted t
38、o micromanage. The man didnt have a complimentary bone in his body. I still have my performance review he wrote in small anal print. It was winter in Minnesota. I didnt want to drive. I was out the door at 5 p.m. because the bus left the front door at 5: 06. He put that down in my review how fast I
39、was out the door. It didnt matter the rest of the year I was there until 6 or 7.Later, when I switched companies. I attended an off-site strategy meeting in Florida. There was a barbecue and the meeting continued on into the evening. My boss boss threw a towel across the room and said, “Clean up, Ca
40、rol.“ I caught the towel, went over and scrubbed his face. Everybody in the room went “Ohhhh.“The luckiest thing in my career is that I have a computer science degree. Doors opened wide at a time when it wasnt necessarily great for women. If I could wave a magic wand, Id have every girl pass college
41、 freshman calculus.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author_.（分数：2.00）A.lives in the countrysideB.is a middle-aged manC.is a CEOD.does very well in tests(2).What is the biggest shock in the writers career?（分数：2.00）A.She lost her job as a field systems analyst in 1920
42、s.B.She lost her grandmother who was her inspiration.C.She was denied the post of first manager on account of sexual discrimination.D.She quit after being totally blown away and crawled back home.(3).“It didnt matter the rest of the year I was there until 6 or 7“ ( Line 6, Para. 3 ) implies that_.（分
43、数：2.00）A.the boss did not care if she was there at 6 or 7 oclockB.the boss never had a good opinion of her ever since, no matter how she triedC.it didnt matter in the rest of the year whether she left her work at 6 or 7 oclockD.she stayed in that company for 6 or 7 years(4).Everybody in the room wen
44、t “Ohhhh ( Line 4, Para. 4 ) because_.（分数：2.00）A.the author made the room so clean and tidyB.the author scrubbed the face with the towelC.the author was too glad to obey the orderD.the author seemed too rude with her superior(5).According to the passage, the characteristics of the author may be desc
45、ribed as_.（分数：2.00）A.Intelligent and gentle.B.Industrious and moderate.C.Stubborn and perseverant.D.Ambitious and enterprisingMy inspiration is my grandmother, whos still alive at 96. She raised me from the time I was 8 on a dairy farm in Wisconsin. In another era she could have done what I do, alth
46、ough I didnt know what a CEO was then. Im a real go-getter and dont know any other way. I tell my 12-year-old daughter, if you have a test, why not try for an A? I dont believe in half doing something.In my career, the biggest shock came in my 20s. I loved my job as a field systems analyst at 3M, an
47、d wanted my first managers job at headquarters. They even told me I was the best candidate, totally qualified. Then they told me, “Its not possible because youre a woman.“ I was so shocked that I quit. I had this feeling of being totally blown away as I crawled back to Atlanta.I preach to people: th
48、ere are no bad bosses. You learn how not to treat people. My worst boss was full of himself and wanted to micromanage. The man didnt have a complimentary bone in his body. I still have my performance review he wrote in small anal print. It was winter in Minnesota. I didnt want to drive. I was out the door at 5 p.m. because the bus left the front door at 5: 06. He put that down in my review how fast I was out the door. It didnt matter the rest of the year I was there until 6 or 7.Later, when I switched companies. I attended an off-site strategy meeting in Florida. There was a barbec
