1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 171 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Sheryl Sandberg is a feminist icon for the tech world.【B1】_Silicon Valley, very few people would have【B2】_David Goldbergs name. Bu
2、t millions read about him in Lean In, a popular book about how women can do better in the workplace.Ms. Sandberg writes that the most important【B3】_choice a woman makes is【B4】_she marries. A caring spouse can help you【B5】_; a jealous or lazy one may hold you back. Mr. Goldberg, who died on May 1st,
3、was one of the former. He gave his own stellar career lower【B6】_than his wifes even more stellar one. He left a job in Los Angeles to be in the Bay Area, where Ms. Sandberg was a rising star at Google. When Ms. Sandberg was offered a job at Facebook in 2008, he【B7】_her to negotiate for a better pay
4、package. When their first child was born,Ms. Sandberg had hurt her leg and was on【B8】_, so Mr. Goldberg took charge of the baby for the first week. When a friend【B9】_he had been playing football when his wife gave birth(some men are rather【B10】_), Mr. Goldberg scolded him for his【B11】_.For a billion
5、aire, it is【B12】_unusual for him to have a(an) 【B13 】_spouse. It is easier to succeed in the first place【B14】_you are part of a team, and the super-wealthy do not have to【 B15】_un-supportive matesthey can always find【B16】_.【B17 】_, people saw the Sandberg/Goldberg household as a model of modern femi
6、nism. Female superstars are still【B18 】_in Silicon Valley, and macho【B19 】 _is still common. Mr. Goldberg was often asked how he felt about living in his wifes shadow; he made it clear that he was【B20 】_by her success.1 【B1 】（A）Outside（B） Beyond（C） Within（D）Across2 【B2 】（A）identified（B） recognized（C
7、） called（D）spotted3 【B3 】（A）career（B） occupation（C） profession（D）vocation4 【B4 】（A）who（B） how（C） why（D）whom5 【B5 】（A）fatten（B） popularize（C） excel（D）survive6 【B6 】（A）priority（B） importance（C） meaning（D）affection7 【B7 】（A）manipulated（B） incited（C） coached（D）persuaded8 【B8 】（A）leave（B） honeymoon（C） cr
8、utches（D）bed9 【B9 】（A）boasted（B） madden（C） mutter（D）miscalculate10 【B10 】（A）macho（B） hands-off（C） oblivious（D）courageous11 【B11 】（A）discourteousness（B） rudeness（C） inattentiveness（D）carelessness12 【B12 】（A）sometimes（B） hardly（C） never（D）always13 【B13 】（A）supportive（B） stunning（C） outstanding（D）roman
9、tic14 【B14 】（A）even as（B） as long as（C） even if（D）as if15 【B15 】（A）lag behind（B） root for（C） put up with（D）move on to16 【B16 】（A）another（B） the one（C） one（D）the other17 【B17 】（A）thus（B） meanwhile（C） although（D）nonetheless18 【B18 】（A）rare（B） ubiquitous（C） envied（D）unique19 【B19 】（A）behavior（B） appear
10、ance（C） inferiority（D）superiority20 【B20 】（A）encouraged（B） delighted（C） dominated（D）dwarfedPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 MANAGEMENT consultants, investment banks and big law firms are the Holy Trinity of
11、white-collar careers. They recruit up to a third of the graduates of the worlds best universities. They offer starting salaries in excess of $ 100,000 and a chance of making many multiples of that. They also provide a ladder to even better things. The top ranks of governments and central banks are s
12、prinkled with Goldman Sachs and McKinsey veterans. Technology firms, though they are catching up fast, have nothing like the same grip on the global elite. Which raises a pressing question: how do you maximize your chances of joining such elite professional-services firms?Lauren Rivera of Northweste
13、rn Universitys Kellogg School of Management has spent a decade studying how these firms recruit. According to her, the best way to get into the tiny group of elite firms is to be studying at the tiny group of elite universities. The firms spend millions of dollars love-bombing these institutions wit
14、h recruiting events; students can spend the recruitment season wining and dining at their expense. However, as Ms. Rivera notes, firms reject the vast majority of elite students they interview: so even the most pedigreed need to learn how to game the system. The most important tip is to look at who
15、is doing the recruiting. The firms use revenue-generating staff rather than human-resources people to decide who has the right stuff.The interviewers are trying to juggle their day jobs with their recruiting duties. In the interview room they behave predictably: they follow a set script, starting wi
16、th some ice-breaking chit-chat, then asking you about yourself, then setting a work-related problem. That makes them desperate for relief from the tedium. Be enthusiastic. Hang on their every word. And flatter their self-image as “the best of the best . The most important quality recruiters! are loo
17、king for is “fit“ : for all their supposedly rigorous testing of candidates, they would sooner choose an easy-going person with a second-class mind than a Mark Zuckerberg-type genius who rubs people up the wrong way.Staff in professional-services firms spend most of their time dealing with clients;
18、so looking the part is essential. They also expect their employees to spend extraordinary amounts of time togetherlearning the ropes in boot camps, working late in the office, having constant work dinners, getting stuck together in airports in godforsaken places.One candidate in Ms. Riveras sample p
19、assed the interview by adopting the persona of a successful consultant that he knew at that firm. Even if you do not go that far, you must at all costs avoid appearing nerdy or eccentric. The old-fashioned belief still prevails that playing team sports, especially posh ones like rowing, makes for a
20、rounded character. The final key to success is to turn your interviewer into a champion; someone who is willing to go to bat for you when the hiring committee meets to whittle down the list.21 Why are the technology firms less attractive for global elite compared with the Holy Trinity?（A）Technology
21、firms recruit up less than a third of the graduates of the worlds best universities.（B） There is an income gap between the technology firms and the Goldman Sachs and McKinsey.（C） The post of technology firms cannot help them hunt a job in management consultants.（D）The chance to hold investment post
22、for technology firms employees is remote.22 What can we infer from the second paragraph?（A）Human-resources people are preferred to the recruit the students of elite universities.（B） The revenue-generating staff is more efficient in recruiting students.（C） The staff of recruiting is the most decisive
23、 factor in elite recruiting.（D）Students in elite universities will spend a lot to win the recruitment season.23 What makes interviewers want to escape from the interview?（A）The flatter on their image from interviewees makes them uncomfortable.（B） The interviewees rub people up the wrong way as Mark
24、Zuckerberg-type genius.（C） They cannot find the most important quality of fit in the interview.（D）The tedious and routine way to recruit people makes them frustrated.24 One candidate in Ms. Riveras sample who passed the interview is mentioned to show that_.（A）playing team sports makes for a rounded
25、character to win a position in the firm（B） having constant work dinners is indispensible to win a position in the firm（C） being fit and the part is essential for candidates to win a position in the firm（D）the old-fashioned belief will help you win a position in the firm25 Which of the following is t
26、he best title for this passage?（A）How to Make the Best Use of Chances to Get a Job in Some Elite Firms（B） How to Make Yourself Attractive during the Job Interview of Elite Firms（C） How to Balance the Quality of Fit and the Mind of Creative（D）How to Effectively Evaluate a Qualified Candidate of Some
27、Elite Firms25 The NHS(National Health Service)has approved the creation of chains of hospitals for the first time in its history in a bid to tackle its deep financial problems and to allow more patients to be cared for by leading doctors in their fields. It will see highly respected institutions, su
28、ch as Moorfields eye hospital in London and Manchesters Christie cancer centre, providing specialist services to patients potentially many miles away in another part of England.But the move has prompted fears that it will lead to the running down, and even closure, of small local hospitals which are
29、 highly valued by patients as a result of mergers and takeovers. Simon Stevens, the chief executive of NHS England, will announce the dramatic step in a speech to the CBI on Friday in which he will hail it as part of the “radical reform“ the health service must undergo if it is to remain viable. He
30、has pledged to transform the way the NHS in England works by 2020 so it can withstand the huge pressures caused by the growing and ageing population, growth in the number of people with long-term conditions such as diabetes and dementia, and tight budgets expected for years to come.The decision to p
31、ermit hospitals to band together into chains, which are common in many other countries, overturns 67 years of NHS history. Ed Smith, the chair of NHS financial regulator Monitor, said the era of standalone hospitals such as the foundation trust hospitals introduced by the last Labour government, was
32、 dead. Smith said: “These were right at the time, but the economic and clinical circumstances facing the NHS are now different, and our response needs to evolve. “While hospitals would still retain their separate identities for the time being, NHS sources admitted it could lead to big or high-perfor
33、ming hospitals taking over smaller district general hospitals, many of which are increasingly in the red and struggling to provide high-class care, especially with a growing shortage of many types of health professionals.Dr. Clive Peedell, an oncologist who co-chairs the National Health Action party
34、, said; “The history of mergers in the NHS, and in the wider world of industry, is by no means one of predictable success. The danger would be that smaller trusts are gobbled up by larger ones in the name of efficiency, leaving services much less accessible for local people. And the evidence from Am
35、erica shows that chains end up squeezing out competition and care is compromised in the quest to maximize profit. “26 Why has the NHS approved of the creation of chains of hospitals?（A）To address the serious economic setbacks facing the hospital.（B） To improve the medical facilities of the chains of
36、 hospitals.（C） To help more patients receive care from respected institutions.（D）To provide specialist services for more hospitals to help patients.27 What is the publics concern about this dramatic step in the radical reform?（A）The disappearance of some highly treasured small-sized medical institut
37、ions.（B） The pressure caused by the growing and ageing population.（C） The acquisition of chain hospitals threatening the treatment of some conditions.（D）The tight budgets brought by some long-term conditions such as dementia.28 What can we infer from the third paragraph?（A）The economic factor and me
38、dical environment make the chain hospital feasible.（B） Standalone hospitals are no longer supported by the government for political reasons.（C） Chain hospitals used to be common in the history of many other countries.（D）The response to the chain hospitals is not right at the time.29 Which of the fol
39、lowing is true according to the fourth paragraph?（A）The NHS will take over smaller district hospitals to improve service.（B） Hospitals will still have their features after the reforming of chain.（C） The hospitals in the red can provide high-class care.（D）High-performing hospitals are struggling to r
40、etain their identities.30 What does Dr. Peedell think about the chain hospitals?（A）The mergers of the hospital will be a foreseeable triumph for the NHS.（B） The evidence from America shows the promising future for the chain hospital.（C） The care in the chain hospitals may be improved with the merger
41、s in the NHS.（D）The success of the chain hospitals in the NHS may be uncertain.30 A motion at the Labour party conference, which begins on Sunday, is expected to call on the party to take advantage of break clauses in agreements between the government and private operators. Last week, the Labour lea
42、der announced that his party would take back routes as contracts expired rather than opening the contracts to new bids.The motion will cause further anxiety among some shadow cabinet members who believe the party is already too hostile towards big business under Corbyn and his shadow chancellor, Joh
43、n McDonnell.Manuel Cortes, the general secretary of the Transport Salaried Staffs Association, which is behind the conference motion, said Labour should consider speeding up re-nationalization through invoking break clauses. “The franchises should be brought back into public ownership as they expire
44、, but to accelerate this, Labour should think about using break clauses within the franchises if this is in the interests of passengers. “Every franchise would have a break clause through which the contract could be ended earlier than planned, Cortes said. “If Labour takes over(in 2020), only five f
45、ranchises are up for(full)renewal over that parliament,“ he said. “The last time a private company(Railtrack)ran the tracks, we ended up with two major accidents at Hatfield and Potters Bar. “It is understood that TSSA could use provisions for emergency motions to update their wording to welcome Cor
46、byns announcement on public ownership. Train drivers union Aslef is expected to second the call. Its leader, Mick Whelan, said: “We will support any opportunity for the railways to be bought back into public ownership. “In the run-up to the election, former leader Ed Miliband stopped short of endors
47、ing full re-nationalization, saying that publicly owned enterprises could bid to take back contracts when franchises expired.In a sign he wants a clearer policy than his predecessor,Corbyn told the Independent on Sunday: “We know there is overwhelming support from the British people for a peoples ra
48、ilway, better and more efficient services, proper integration and fairer fares. On this issue, it wont work to have a nearly-but-not-quite position. Labour will commit to a clear plan for a fully integrated railway in public ownership. “A spokesman for the Rail Delivery Group, which represents Netwo
49、rk Rail and train operators, questioned the logic of enforced re-nationalization by breaking with existing contracts. “When rail franchising was introduced, the railway ran at a 2bn-a-year loss in terms of its day-to-day costs but today, it virtually covers its running expenses. “ “ There is more to do to improve rail services but why get rid of a model that is working for passengers and taxpayers?“31 Why are some cabinet members worried about the motion?（A）The m
