1、考研英语-试卷 48及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the tw
2、entieth century. (1)_ in the 1990s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was. (2)_ on both sides with many. (3)_ businesses, Here shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, and
3、 groceries (4)_ some shops offer (5)_. These shops included drag-stores, shoe-repair stores and barber or hairdressing shops. (6)_ in the 1950s, a change began to (7)_ Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street (8)_ too few parking places were (9)_ shoppers. Because the streets were crowded,
4、merchants began to look with inter6st at the open spaces (10)_ the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed. And open space is what they got. (11)_ the first shopping center was built. Shopping center (12)_ malls, started as a collection of small new stores. (13)_ congested
5、 city centers. (14)_ by hundreds of free parking spaces customers were drawn away from (15)_ areas to outlying malls. And the growing (16)_ of shopping centers led (17)_ to the building of bigger and better stocked stores (18)_ the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small citi
6、es themselves. In addition to providing the (19)_ of one-stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks (20)_ benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.（分数：40.00）A.As early asB.EarlyC.Early asD.EarlierA.builtB.designedC.intendedD.linedA.variedB.variableC.sortedD.mixed-upA.As wellB.B
7、esideC.In additionD.Apart fromA.medical careB.foodC.servicesD.cosmeticsA.SuddenlyB.AbruptlyC.ContrarilyD.ButA.be taking placeB.take placeC.be taken placeD.have taken placeA.whileB.yetC.thoughD.and thenA.used byB.available forC.available toD.ready forA.atB.fromC.throughD.outsideA.whenB.whileC.sinceD.
8、thenA.that isB.or ratherC.orD.andA.out ofB.next toC.away fromD.nearA.AttractedB.SurprisedC.DelightedD.ObsessedA.innerB.centralC.shoppingD.downtownA.fameB.distinctionC.popularityD.likingA.onB.in turnC.by turnsD.furtherA.ByB.DuringC.InD.ToA.cheapnessB.convenienceC.readinessD.handinessA.becauseB.andC.w
9、ithD.provided二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._More Americans are cohabiting-living together out of wedlockthan ever. Some exports applaud the pra
10、ctice, but others warn playing house does not always lead to marital bliss. At one time in America, living together out of wedlock was scandalous. Unmarried spouses who “shacked up“ were said to be “living in sin“. Indeed, cohabitation was illegal throughout the country until about 1970. Today, stat
11、istics tell a different tale. The number of unwed couples living together has risen to a new highmore than 4.1 million as of March 1997, according to the Census Bureau. That figure was up from 3.96 million couples the previous year and represents a quantum leap from the 430,000 cohabiting couples co
12、unted in 1960. The bureau found“ that cohabiting is most prevailing in the 2435 age group, accounting for 1.6 million such couples. Cohabitants claim they live together primarily to solidify their love and commitment to each other. Most intend to marry; only 13% of cohabitants do not anticipate lega
13、lizing their relationship. But the reality from many couples is different: Moving in does not lead to “happily ever after.“ Forty percent of cohabitants never make it to the altar. Of the 60% who do marry, more than half divorce within 10 years (compared with 30% of married couples who did not live
14、together first). Cohabiting partners are more unfaithful and fight more often than married couples, according to research by the Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society. Other studies have come to equally similar conclusions. Still, experts predict the number of cohabiting couples is likely t
15、o increase. As the offspring of the baby boomer come of age, they are inclined to defer marriages, as did their parents. This will lead to more cohabitation and nontraditional families. Until people unearth that living together has pitfalls, it won“t wane in popularity. Cohabiting has been portrayed
16、 with “careful neutrality“ in the media, and Hollywood celebrities who move in and out of each other“s homes set the standard. But Warren Farrell, the San Diego-based author of Why Men Are the Way They Are, argues that living together is a good idea for a short period. “To make the jump from dating,
17、 when we put our best foot forward, to being married“without showing each other the “shadow side of ourselves“is to treat marriage frivolously, he says.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be seen from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.experts hold an unanimously critical view on cohabitationB.Americans are in general m
18、ore tolerant of cohabitationC.cohabitation rate actually dropped despite the increase in the number of unwed couples living togetherD.living together out of wedlock is considered morally wrong today(2).Which of the following statements about cohabitation is CORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.Only 60% of cohabitants
19、 eventually get married.B.Research shows that cohabitants are more faithful than married couples.C.Experts predict that the number of cohabiting couples has reached its peak.D.Cohabitation is still illegal in the United States.(3).What does the underlined word “unearth“ mean?（分数：2.00）A.believeB.doub
20、tC.uncoverD.agree(4).We can learn from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.Warren Farrell does not support cohabitationB.Warren Farrell thinks there is no need to get married for cohabitantsC.Warren Farrell thinks cohabitation is frivolousD.Warren Farrell holds the view that cohabitation has some be
21、nefits(5).According to the passage the number of cohabiting couples is likely to_.（分数：2.00）A.increaseB.decreaseC.fall by 20%D.increase by 10%Owing to the insufficient gas supply in the United States, the gas price has dramatically risen. The new gas price reality and the policy decisions it may trig
22、ger will undoubtedly lead to critical financial implications for some individuals or companies, but the situation can hardly be termed a “national crisis“ or even a “shortage“. What is true is that buyersparticularly those in the chemical industry and in independent power generation will not be able
23、 to acquire the quantity of gas they wish at the prices they wish to pay, or even at prices that will allow them to remain competitive in their markets, particularly during peak demand seasons. Over the next year or two, the result will be higher, and more volatile prices, to be sure, but there are
24、market-driven adjustment mechanisms even in the short term, e.g., more electric power from coal and oil, reduced production of domestic chemicals, and a commensurate substitution of imports. Consumers and companies will feel the economic pinch of higher prices; particularly, if we experience an exce
25、ptionally hot summer and a winter, when average temperatures were 20% colder than the year before in the Northeast. Still, the United States faces neither the specter of economic recessionat least not solely due to gas pricesnor of freezing families unable to “obtain gas to heat their homes. Given t
26、his new price plateau, demand adjustments will also take place and vary across regions of the United States and across industries, with power generation and chemicals perhaps the most affected. Some in those industries may find that their facilities are no longer financially viable at the new price
27、plateau, and there will likely be another round of industrial restructuring not unlike others that have resulted from international differences in resource and labor costslest we forget, natural gas is still abundant and very low cost in other countries such as Trinidad, Qatar, and Iran, just as lab
28、or is abundant and low cost in China, Indonesia, and parts of Latin America. From a policy perspective, the United States needs to carefully evaluate a series of trade-offs between environmental concerns and economic growth. The gas price experiences of the last two years are the first real tastes o
29、f the economic costs of a gas-based environmental strategy. Evaluating these trade-offs needs to be done with a level head and a clear understanding of those trade-offs.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the main topic of the article?（分数：2.00）A.American economy is strongly hit by the high prices of gas.B.America
30、n economy is affected by the high price of gas, but it is not a crisis.C.American economic policy is a failure.D.The prices of gas will rise in the following years.(2).What conclusion can we draw from the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The gas prices will become steady in the next year or two.B.In a sh
31、ort period, the problem will be solved by the electricity produced by coal and oil.C.There won“t be an economic recession even though the present situation is unfavorable.D.Many American families will be freezing because they can“t afford the gas with such a high price.(3).Which of the following is
32、NOT correct according to the third paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The power generation and chemicals perhaps may be the most affected.B.Some industries may find that their facilities are no longer financially viable at the new price plateau.C.Natural gas is abundant in China, Indonesia, and parts of Latin Ame
33、rica.D.Natural gas is still abundant and very low cost in other countries such as Trinidad, Qatar, and Iran.(4).What does the underlined word “commensurate“ in the second paragraph mean?（分数：2.00）A.properB.addingC.supplementaryD.sufficient(5).Which of the following is NOT true according to the articl
34、e?（分数：2.00）A.The financial situation is rather critical owing to the high gas prices.B.The economic situation is not bad enough to trigger a recession.C.Demand adjustments are the same in all the states of America.D.The U.S. need to reconsider its policy concerning environment and economic growth.AI
35、DS is one of the most fatal and rampant diseases that deprives of hundreds of thousands of lives each year all over the world, and the condition in African countries is much worse for lack of medicine, education as well as preventive measures. Scientists and researchers have never ceased their effor
36、ts to halt the wide spreading tendency of this infecting disease, unfortunately, till now, they have not invented any effective vaccine. Last week, an experimental AIDS vaccine tested in Thailand on some 2,500 drug users failed to protect them from becoming infected with HIV, declared VaxGen Inc., t
37、he vaccine“s developer. The pool results were widely expected since VaxGen Inc. had said earlier that its vaccine did not work in a larger North American study. Most AIDS researchers agree that vaccines will be the only effective way to control a virus that has killed 28 million people and infected
38、42 million more worldwide. Two dozen other vaccines are being tested on 12,000 human volunteers, but none has advanced as far as VaxGen“s, and any successful candidate is years away. Officials at Brisbane, Calif-based VaxGen said the Thai results underscored again how wily AIDS is in thwarting the i
39、mmune system. The findings also show “how important it is for the international public health community to redouble the effort to develop an effective vaccine,“ President Dr. Donald Francis said. VaxGen“s vaccine, like most others being tested, did not contain the virus itself and cannot cause AIDS.
40、 Instead, the vaccine contained small, manmade genetic bits of the virus that scientists had hoped would provoke an immune response strong enough to stop the virus from invading healthy cells. Three years ago, the company enrolled 2,546 people in and around Bangkok who were at high risk for HIV beca
41、use they habitually swapped needles to inject drugs. Half were given the experimental vaccine and half were given a placebo. All volunteers were given extensive risk-reduction counseling, the company said. In the end, the vaccine offered no greater protection: 105 people given the placebo became inf
42、ected with HIV, while 106 people given the vaccine tested positive. In February, VaxGen announced its vaccine was ineffective against a different AIDS strain found in North America. The failure of this experimental vaccine reinforces the hardness of anti-AIDS battle, and the ultimate success seems t
43、o emerge years later. However, mankind is not so vulnerable to be completely defeated by AIDS.（分数：10.00）(1).Where is the experimental AIDS vaccine tested?（分数：2.00）A.In ThailandB.In North AmericaC.At BrisbaneD.In Africa(2).According to the context, what does the underlined word “strain“ in paragraph
44、4 mean?（分数：2.00）A.DiseaseB.BreedC.VirusD.Cell(3).How many volunteers are tested by VaxGen“s vaccine?（分数：2.00）A.2546B.12000C.2500D.211(4).Which statement is TRUE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.AIDS is the most fatal and rampant disease.B.Vaccine will be the only effective way to control a virus.C.V
45、axGen“s vaccine would provoke an immune response strong enough to stop the virus from invading healthy cells.D.Most vaccines being tested did not contain virus.(5).What is the author“s idea about AIDS?（分数：2.00）A.It is incurable.B.The international public health community has not done enough to contr
46、ol the disease.C.Vaxgen“s vaccine is more effective than others.D.It is still hopeful to cure AIDS.In an Internet era, whether globalization means democracy and development or hindrance to progress, foreign interference and U.S.-led economic domination over the developing countries has evoked hot de
47、bate. Globalization is an inevitable tendency which has brought great opportunities such as exchange of knowledge and information, access to other societies, as well as economic competitions and exposure to different value systems. On the other hand, it is also accompanied by a multitude of challeng
48、es together with side effects on the form of increased poverty rates, but the effect is not always predetermined, because the problem is how to deal with it and make preparation for minimizing the challenge. Statistics demonstrate in the last two centuries the individual income average has decreased, and the shares of profit in the Third World also have demolished, in contrary to the developed world. There is an international distortion due to the exploitation of telecommunication technology which facilitates money transfer
