1、考研英语 149 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Vitamins are organic compounds necessary, in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, -|_|- do they construct or build part of the body. They are
2、needed for -|_|- foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if -|_|- is missing a deficiency disease becomes -|_|- . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and -|_|- nitrogen. They are different -|_|- thei
3、r elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin -|_|- one or more specific functions in the body. -|_|- enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for -|_|- vitamins. M people, -|_|- , believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. However
4、, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs. Vitamins are organic compounds necessary, in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, -|_|- do they construct or build part of the body. They ar
5、e needed for -|_|- foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if -|_|- is missing a deficiency disease becomes -|_|- . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and -|_|- nitrogen. They are different -|_|- th
6、eir elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin -|_|- one or more specific functions in the body. -|_|- enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for -|_|- vitamins. M people, -|_|- , believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. Howev
7、er, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.（分数：1.00）A.eitherB.soC.norD.never二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. (1) Interpret the following pictures. (2) Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons. (1) Interpret the following pictures. (2) Predict th
8、e tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.*（分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)In spite of rising concern in the Northeast and Canada, Administration spokesmen have repeatedly insisted that nothing could really be done about acid rain and the industry-produced sulfur emissions un
9、til all the scientific facts were in. Suddenly last week, however, facts came raining down, in effect making further scientific debate on what mainly causes the problem all but irrelevant. What brought about the downpour was a study commissioned by Presidential Science Adviser. The spokesmen plainly
10、 called for remedial action even if some technical questions about acid rain were still unanswered. “If we take the conservative point of view that we must wait until the scientific knowledge is definitive,“ said the spokesman, “the accumulated deposition and damaged environment may reach the point
11、of irreversibility.“ When it rains, it pours. Next came a study from the National Research Council. Its definitive conclusion: reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-burning power plants and factories, such as these in the Midwest, would in fact significantly reduce the acidity in rain, snow
12、 and other precipitation(降水) that is widely believed to be worsening the life from fresh-water lakes and forests in the Northeast and Canada. The spokesman did not recommend any specific action. A pair of remedial measures are already taken before Congress. A Senate committee recently approved a bil
13、l that would require reduction over the next decade of sulfur-dioxide emissions by 10 million tons in the States bordering on the east of the Mississippi. A tougher measure was introduced in the House ordering the 50 largest sulfur polluters in the U. S. to cut emissions substantially. To ease the E
14、astern coal mining industry, which fears a switch to low-sulfur Western coal, the bill requires the installation of expensive “scrubbers“, devices for removing sulfur from the smoke, rather than an order that forbids high-sulfur fuel. Still, the legislation is being vigorously opposed by the coal in
15、dustry and utilities, especially in the Mid-west, where heavy industries are battling to survive. In a survey also released last week, the Edison Electric Institute , an industry group, gravely predicted that electricity rates could rise as much as 50% if the emission-control legislation passed. Gov
16、ernment studies dispute these figures, but Congress has been suspended on acid-rain measures. Now, as a result of the academy study, supporters of the bills are more optimistic. Nevertheless, a major political battle is shaping up. （分数：1.00）(1).The first paragraph shows that（分数：0.20）A.the Administra
17、tion has ignored the public anxiety about acid rain.B.the industrial sulfur emissions need further scientific verificationC.the spokesmen have denied the presence of proofs of acid rain.D.scientific evidence has made the cause of acid rain undebatable.(2). The word “downpour“ in the second paragraph
18、 most likely refers to（分数：0.20）A.a heavy fall of acid rain.B.a sudden thunderstorm.C.a series of criticism.D.a succession of evidence.(3).This article most probably appeared in（分数：0.20）A.a government document.B.a news magazine.C.a scientific research paper.D.a textbook of environmental science.(4).
19、The two studies mentioned in the text clearly stated that（分数：0.20）A.there is no time to lose in pollution control.B.the scientific explanation of acid rain remains unclear.C.environmental restoration defies scientific endeavors.D.factories should be banned from burning coal.(5).From the description
20、of the efforts in the House, we can see that（分数：0.20）A.the members of the House really speak for the general public.B.the Congressmen are tough to the sulfur polluters in the U. S.C.the statesmen try to please the public without enraging the bosses.D.the politicians worry about the effect of emissio
21、n-control legislation.Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileos 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between scienc
22、e and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century. Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience“ in several books, notably Higher Superstitio
23、n, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as“ The Flight from Science and Reason,“ h
24、eld in New York City in 1995,and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information, “which assembled last June near Buffalo. Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences o
25、bjectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimina
26、tion of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research. Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological Utopia. But surely that does n
27、ot mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works wel
28、l because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arriva
29、l is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,“came the reply,“but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.“ If you are part of the group which you
30、 are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it 11 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn t attempt to cut in w
31、ith humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Incl
32、ude a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted rema
33、rk. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up“ or a play on words or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and injec
34、t with humor. （分数：1.00）(1).To make your humor work, you should（分数：0.20）A.take advantage of different kinds of audience.B.make fun of the disorganized people.C.address different problems to different people.D.show sympathy for your listeners.(2).The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nur
35、ses, they are（分数：0.20）A.impolite to new arrivals.B.very conscious of their godlike role.C.entitled to some privileges.D.very busy even during lunch hours.(3).It can be inferred from the text that public services（分数：0.20）A.have benefited many people.B.are the focus of public attention.C.are an inappr
36、opriate subject for humor.D.have often been the laughing stock.(4).To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered（分数：0.20）A.in well-worded language.B.as awkwardly as possible.C.in exaggerated statements.D.as casually as possible.(5).The best title for the text may be（分数：0.20）A.U
37、se Humor Effectively.B.Various Kinds of Humor.C.Add Humor to Speech.D.Different Humor Strategies.Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidd
38、ing so fascinating, But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good. The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesnt help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and peopl
39、e striving to assert themselves. Egypts leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkeys bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam. But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the ferti
40、le silt that floods leftall in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the tro
41、ops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself. Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-h
42、eaded Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed. Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits o
43、f controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You do
44、nt need a dam to be saved. （分数：1.00）(1). The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that _.（分数：0.25）A.people would be happy if they shut their eyes to realityB.the blind could be happier than the sightedC.over-excited people tend to neglect vital thingsD.fascination makes people tend to neglect vital
45、 things(2). In paragraph 5, “the powerless“ probably refers to _.（分数：0.25）A.areas short of electricityB.dams without power stationsC.poor countries around IndiaD.common people in the Narmada Dam area(3). What is the myth concerning giant dams? _.（分数：0.25）A.They bring in more fertile soil.B.They help
46、 defend the country.C.They strengthen international ties.D.They have universal control of the waters.(4).What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as _.（分数：0.25）A.“Its no use crying over spilt milk“B.“More haste, less speed“C.“Look before you leap“D.“He who laughs last laughs best“四、P
47、art B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3. You are a graduate of History. Write a letter to one of your college professor to request a recommendation letter to support your application for a position with a publishing company. Your letter should cover: 1) reminding him of you and your performance, 2) things you hope t
48、o be reflected in his letter, and 3) the way of mailing the letter. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) You are a graduate of History. Write a letter to one of your college professor to request a recommendation letter to support your application
