1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 127 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and ps
2、eudonymity has occurred throughout history. For example, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this 【C1】_ author is not known and will probably never be known. Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the
3、person does not want people s【C2】_of the real author【C3】_their perception of the message. Also other people may want to【C4】_certain information about themselves in order to achieve a more 【C5】_ evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been【C6】_that women used male pseu
4、donyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societies where their 【C7】_ was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the 【C8】_ of people, for example when reporting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases. Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain c
5、ircumstances. For instance, a person may, in many countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and【C9】_personal information which is protected. In some【C10】_, for example confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially【C11】_to allow people to consult a priest,【C12】_seeing him fac
6、e to face. The anonymity in【C13】_situations is however not always 100%. If a person tells a lawyer that he plans a【C14】_crime, some countries allow or even【C15】_that the lawyer tell the【C16】_. The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime,
7、 may often do this to【C17】_their feeling more than their real intention. Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as【C18】_that people can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent【C19】_the organization they are criticizing
8、and do not dare reveal their real name. Advertisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for【C20】_reasons.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.strangeB.ordinaryC.ridiculousD.famous(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.preconceptionB.worshipC.admirationD.discrimination(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.co
9、lorB.destroyC.distinguishD.prefer(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.showB.concealC.cancelD.distain(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.funnyB.unbiasedC.freshD.straight(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.surprisingB.commonC.acknowledgedD.unbelievable(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.religionB.beliefC.ideaD.synagogue(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.possessionB.honorC.privacyD.rep
10、utation(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.requireB.disperseC.revealD.get(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.countriesB.filesC.regionsD.cases(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.cleanedB.putC.designedD.automated(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.afterC.withD.without(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.confessionalB.churchC.otherD.private(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.casualB.se
11、riousC.mediumD.temporary(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.begB.pleadC.appealD.require(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.policeB.confessorC.bossD.priest(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.keepB.leakC.intensifyD.express(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.insultingB.importantC.forgivableD.proud(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.amongC.onD.within(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.un
12、knownB.strikingC.obviousD.intimate二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Ever since Muzak started serenading patrons of hotels and restaurants in the 1
13、930s, piped-in music has been part of the consumer experience. Without the throb of a synthesiser or a guitars twang, shoppers would sense something missing as they tried on jeans or filled up trolleys. Specialists like Mood Media, which bought Muzak in 2011, devise audio programmes to influence the
14、 feel of shops and cater to customers tastes. The idea is to entertain, and thereby prolong the time shoppers spend in stores, says Claude Nahon, the firms international chief. Music by famous artists works better than the generic stuff that people associate with Muzak. The embarrassing brand name w
15、as dropped in 2013. Online shopping is an under-explored area of merchandising musicology. A new study commissioned by eBay, a shopping website, aims to correct that. Some 1,900 participants were asked to simulate online shopping while listening to different sounds. Some results were unsurprising. T
16、he noise of roadworks and crying babies soured shoppers views of the products on offer. Chirruping birds encouraged sales of barbecues but not blenders or board games. Sounds associated with quality and luxury seemed to be hazardous for shoppers wallets. The study found classical music and restauran
17、t buzz caused them to overestimate the quality of goods on offer and to pay more than they should. That backs up earlier research which found that shoppers exposed to classical music in a wine store bought more expensive bottles than those hearing pop. EBay wants consumers to avoid such unhealthy in
18、fluences when shopping online. It has blended birdsong, dreamy music and the sound of a rolling trainthought to be pleasant but not overly seductiveto help them buy more sensibly. Retailers could presumably counter by turning up the Chopin. “Classical music does seem to be the way to go“ if your onl
19、y interest is the narrow one of squeezing as much money as possible from your clientele, says the studys author, Patrick Fagan, a lecturer at Goldsmiths, part of the University of London. Few traditional shops are likely to use that tactic. H so, presumably, the tendency to be happy or miserable is,
20、 to some extent, passed on through DNA. To try to establish just what that extent is, a group of scientists examined over 1, 000 pairs of twins from a huge study on the health of American adolescents. They conclude that about a third of the variation in people s happiness is heritable. But while twi
21、n studies are useful for establishing the extent to which a characteristic is heritable, they do not finger the particular genes at work. One of the researchers, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, of University College, London, and the London School of Economics, has tried to do just that, by picking a popular s
22、uspectthe gene that encodes the serotonin-transporter protein, and examining how variants of that gene affect levels of happiness. Serotonin is involved in mood regulation. Serotonin transporters are crucial to this job. The serotonin-transporter gene comes in two functional variantslong and short P
23、eople have two versions(known as alleles). The adolescents in Dr. De Neve s study were asked to grade themselves from very satisfied to very dissatisfied. Dr. De Neve found that those with one long allele were 8% more likely than those with none to describe themselves as very satisfied; those with t
24、wo long alleles were 17% more likely. Which is interesting. Where the story could become controversial is when the ethnic origins of the volunteers are taken into account. All were Americans, but they were asked to classify themselves by race as well. On average, the Asian Americans in the sample ha
25、d 0.69 long genes, the black Americans had 1.47 and the white Americans had 1.12. There is growing interest in the study of happiness, not just among geneticists but also among economists and policymakers dissatisfied with current ways of measuring humanitys achievements. Future work in this field w
26、ill be read avidly in those circles.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in “Age has a role, too“ in Paragraph 1?（分数：2.00）A.The middle-aged are happier than the old.B.The middle-aged are happier than the young.C.The middle-aged are happier than the young and the old.D.The young and the old are happier than
27、 the middle-aged.(2).By examining over 1,000 pairs of twins, scientists intend to confirm the extent of that_.（分数：2.00）A.external circumstances govern happinessB.personality determines happinessC.genes identify happinessD.age affects happiness(3).Which of the following is the twin studies finding?（分
28、数：2.00）A.The tendency to be happy or miserable is passed on through DNA.B.The happiness of about 330 pairs of twins is heritable.C.They establish the extent to which a personality is decisive.D.They hardly find the serotonin-transporter gene probably functioned.(4).It can be inferred from the passag
29、e that_.（分数：2.00）A.some have two short alleles, and others have two long onesB.different races may have different propensities for happinessC.the notion that human personality is a blank slate is strengthenedD.those with two short alleles were more likely than those with one long allele(5).In the fo
30、llowing part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on_.（分数：2.00）A.policymakers studies on happinessB.every continents levels of happinessC.another factor that governs happinessD.humanitys achievement and happinessWomen are moody. By evolutionary design, we are hard-wired t
31、o be sensitive to our environments, empathic to our children s needs and intuitive of our partners intentions. This is basic to our survival and that of our offspring. Some research suggests that women are often better at articulating their feelings than men because as the female brain develops, mor
32、e capacity is reserved for language, memory, hearing and observing emotions in others. These are observations rooted in biology, not intended to mesh with any kind of pro- or anti-feminist ideology. But they do have social implications. Womens emotionality is a sign of health, not disease; it is a s
33、ource of power. But we are under constant pressure to restrain our emotional lives. We have been taught to apologize for our tears, to suppress our anger and to fear being called hysterical. The pharmaceutical industry plays on that fear, targeting women in a barrage of advertising on daytime talk s
34、hows and in magazines. More Americans are on psychiatric medications than ever before, and in my experience they are staying on them far longer than was ever intended. Sales of antidepressants and antianxiety meds have been booming in the past two decades, and theyve recently been outpaced by an ant
35、ipsychotic, Ability, that is the No. 1 seller among all drugs in the United States, not just psychiatric ones. At least one in four women in America now takes a psychiatric medication, compared with one in seven men. Women are nearly twice as likely to receive a diagnosis of depression or anxiety di
36、sorder than men are. For many women, these drugs greatly improve their lives. But for others they arent necessary. The increase in prescriptions for psychiatric medications, often by doctors in other specialties, is creating a new normal, encouraging more women to seek chemical assistance. Whether a
37、 woman needs these drugs should be a medical decision, not a response to peer pressure and consumerism. Obviously, there are situations where psychiatric medications are called for. The problem is too many genuinely ill people remain untreated, mostly because of socioeconomic factors. People who don
38、t really need these drugs are trying to medicate a normal reaction to an unnatural set of stressors: lives without nearly enough sleep, sunshine, nutrients, movement and eye contact, which is crucial to us as social primates.（分数：10.00）(1).Women are often better at expressing their feelings than men
39、in that women_.（分数：2.00）A.are born to be sensitive to environmentsB.have more brain s capacity for expressing functionsC.have the basic skills to surviveD.are more sensitive to language(2).The phrase “mesh with“(Para. 2)probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.account forB.agree withC.cater forD.deal with(3).Whic
40、h of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.The pharmaceutical industry takes advantage ofwomens fear.B.Nowadays, more Americans are drinking psychiatric medications.C.Sales of antidepressants meds have showed the declining trend in the past two decades.D.Ability is the best-s
41、elling drug in the United States.(4).According to the passage, what makes more women seek chemical assistance?（分数：2.00）A.Doctors in other fields prescribe more and more psychiatric medications.B.More and more Americans are taking psychiatric medications.C.This drugs greatly improve women s lives.D.W
42、omen are affected by peer pressure and consumerism.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.psychiatric medications are not importantB.many really ill people are not anxious to buy psychiatric medicationsC.many people need psychiatric medications for excitementD.human beings n
43、eed some outdoor and social activitiesRobots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing menial jobs on production line
44、s since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1 million industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination. Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting
45、 ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow s robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people and machines, they will be free to wander. Until now executives h
46、ave largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous . Companies certainly need to rethink their human-resources policiesstarting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted t
47、o purely human resources. The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. An American writer, Isaac Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundi
48、ngs and can be instructed to avoid hitting people. A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites fears about mechanised looms. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction. Two principlesdont let robots hurt or frighten peopleare relatively s
