1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 105 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In recent decades, scientists have become increasingly aware of the part the o
2、bserver【C1】_in the scientific process. In the【C2】_place, the observer can work only with his experiences, and these are【C3】_by his senses and the instruments he【C4】_to extend his senses. Ultraviolet light, electromagnetic fields, and atomic particles, 【C5】_. became known to us only as we devised too
3、ls【C6】_we could observe their effects. 【C7】_, our picture of the real world is always incomplete. Secondly, the observer is highly selective in choosing his【C8】_. Life is a narrative of ever new and often【C9】_events. At any given moment, an individual is bombarded with sense experiences and can, 【C1
4、0】_he desires, expose himself to more. But he is really interested in or concerned with only a few of these. Other experiences are consciously or【C11】_ screened out as irrelevant to the task【C12】_. For example, as we read a book, we are often surrounded by sounds and activities that we【C13】_ , but b
5、y turning our attention to them we become conscious of their presence. What a scientist discovers depends, 【C14】_, on what he is looking for【C15】_the questions he is asking. Thus, academic disciplines differ in their study of human beings in large part【C16】_they ask different questions. Human beings
6、 live, 【C17】_, in a house with only a few windows of tinted and curved glass, 【C18】_which we see the outside world. The glass colors and distorts our observations, and its effects can be determined only with【C19】_difficulty. Scientists are increasingly aware of the【C20】_that they work with sense dat
7、a, not with the world itself.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.doesB.findsC.playsD.shows(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.firstB.initialC.beginningD.original(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.strengthenedB.preventedC.protectedD.limited(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.borrowsB.bringsC.takesD.uses(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.to our surpriseB.for exampleC.to be
8、 frankD.that is to say(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.from whichB.with whichC.of whichD.on which(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.InterestinglyB.ImportantlyC.ConsequentlyD.Strangely(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.dataB.resultsC.messagesD.figures(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.unpredictableB.unpleasantC.unparalleledD.unprepared(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.soB.b
9、ecauseC.ifD.which(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.immediatelyB.continuouslyC.unconsciouslyD.obviously(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.by handB.on handC.with handD.at hand(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.seeB.ignoreC.attendD.hear(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.to a great extentB.to a small extentC.to such an extentD.to what extent(15).【C15】（分数：2.
10、00）A.onB.inC.fromD.for(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.whereC.whenD.as if(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.in our eyesB.so to speakC.for this sakeD.to this day(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.fromB.inC.acrossD.through(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.smallB.littleC.muchD.many(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.factB.questionC.discoveryD.theoryIs anti-whi
11、te bias a problem? A new study says whites think discrimination against them is a bigger problem than anti-black bias. They feel threatened by “【C1】_racism“. In what some have called the new post-racial era, what constitutes discrimination is【C2】_. A new study has found that Americans think signific
12、ant progress has been made in the fight【C3】_anti-black bias. But white Americans【C4】_that progress as coming at their【C5】_and that anti-white bias has become a more【C6】_social problem than anti-black bias. White Americans see blacks“ progress as a(n) 【C7】_of their status. Is this finding surprising?
13、 Do we see this view【C8】_in government policies or court decisions? If so, how? Our recent research【C9】_that white and black Americans agree that bias against blacks was【C10】_in the 1950“s and 1960“s. And many Americans support the march【C11】_full and equal rights for all. 【C12】_when blacks see such
14、 racism as continuing, whites【C13】_to see it as a problem that has been more or less “solved“. Many whites now believe that it“s anti-white bias that“s on a rise, to the point where it“s even more【C14】_than anti-black bias. Why would the perception of anti-white bias have increased【C15】_among whites
15、, particularly in recent years? The answer is still【C16】_. What is certain is that this【C17】_is a danger to the nation. In fact, for all the gains of the civil rights movement, blacks【C18】_among the poorest, most isolated and most unemployed of all Americans. But such reality is【C19】_to white fellow
16、 citizens who are【C20】_instead by fantasies of competitive victimhood.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.relevantB.rationalC.radicalD.reverse(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.transferringB.transmittingC.shiftingD.unchanging(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.byB.forC.againstD.of(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.persuadedB.perceivedC.pledgedD.penetrate
17、d(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.expenseB.valueC.consumptionD.convenience(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.significantB.seriousC.profoundD.contemporary(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.insuranceB.inspirationC.insultD.respect(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.recruitedB.recommendedC.recalledD.reflected(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.displaysB.exhibitsC.revealsD.requires(
18、10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.commonB.publicC.ordinaryD.comprehensive(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.onB.ofC.towardD.throughout(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.HenceB.ButC.SinceD.Thus(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.applyB.objectC.attendD.tend(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.meaningfulC.essentialD.relieved(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.frequentlyB.dramati
19、callyC.slowlyD.suddenly(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.unfixedB.unsettledC.unknownD.unnoticed(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.envyB.disappointmentC.fearD.sympathy(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.keepB.holdC.maintainD.remain(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.invisibleB.inaccurateC.impossibleD.independent(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.rejectedB.associatedC.ca
20、redD.driven考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 105 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：In recent decades, scientists have become increasingly aware of t
21、he part the observer【C1】_in the scientific process. In the【C2】_place, the observer can work only with his experiences, and these are【C3】_by his senses and the instruments he【C4】_to extend his senses. Ultraviolet light, electromagnetic fields, and atomic particles, 【C5】_. became known to us only as w
22、e devised tools【C6】_we could observe their effects. 【C7】_, our picture of the real world is always incomplete. Secondly, the observer is highly selective in choosing his【C8】_. Life is a narrative of ever new and often【C9】_events. At any given moment, an individual is bombarded with sense experiences
23、 and can, 【C10】_he desires, expose himself to more. But he is really interested in or concerned with only a few of these. Other experiences are consciously or【C11】_ screened out as irrelevant to the task【C12】_. For example, as we read a book, we are often surrounded by sounds and activities that we【
24、C13】_ , but by turning our attention to them we become conscious of their presence. What a scientist discovers depends, 【C14】_, on what he is looking for【C15】_the questions he is asking. Thus, academic disciplines differ in their study of human beings in large part【C16】_they ask different questions.
25、 Human beings live, 【C17】_, in a house with only a few windows of tinted and curved glass, 【C18】_which we see the outside world. The glass colors and distorts our observations, and its effects can be determined only with【C19】_difficulty. Scientists are increasingly aware of the【C20】_that they work w
26、ith sense data, not with the world itself.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.doesB.findsC.plays D.shows解析：解析：the part 后面是省略了关系代词 that 或 which 的定语从句，即 the part(thatwhich)the observer。part 在句子中是“角色，作用”的意思，相当于 role，所以选 C 项 plays“扮演”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.first B.initialC.beginningD.original解析：解析：本文是对科学研究活动中观察者的
27、特性进行列举分析。这里列举的是第 1 点，所以选 A 项first“首先”，与第 2 段开头的 Secondly 相呼应。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.strengthenedB.preventedC.protectedD.limited 解析：解析：本段重点是说明观察者及其观察、认识的局限性，而本句说明的是局限的根源人的感知和用来扩展其感知的工具的限制。由此可以判断应该选 D 项 limited“限制”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.borrowsB.bringsC.takesD.uses 解析：解析：因为感官能力本身更有限，研究者使用工具来延伸、拓展自己的感官能力。填入的动
28、词修饰的是 the instruments，须选一个表示“使用”意义的词，故选 D 项 uses“使用”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.to our surpriseB.for example C.to be frankD.that is to say解析：解析：句首列举的几项就是例证，因此选引出例证的 B 项 for example“例如”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.from whichB.with which C.of whichD.on which解析：解析：根据句意，tools 是后面 observe 这个行为所运用的工具。因此关系代词前面需要一个表示方式或工具的介
29、词，with 符合要求，即 we could observe their effects with tools，因此 B 正确。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.InterestinglyB.ImportantlyC.Consequently D.Strangely解析：解析：本段第 2 句提到，观察者的经验常常受限制，最后一句“我们对现实世界的描绘总是不全面的”与其有明显的因果关系，所以选 C 项 Consequently“因此”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.data B.resultsC.messagesD.figures解析：解析：观察者观察得到的东西很多，包括事实、情况、
30、数字等等，这些统称为数据，所以选 A 项data“数据”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.unpredictable B.unpleasantC.unparalleledD.unprepared解析：解析：空格处的词跟 new(新的)并列，因此应与之近义，选项中 A 项 unpredictable“无法预料的”最合适。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.soB.becauseC.if D.which解析：解析：紧跟在 can 后面的是插入成分，它与之后的 expose himself to more(sense experiences)是条件(假设)与结果的关系，故选 C 项 if
31、。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.immediatelyB.continuouslyC.unconsciously D.obviously解析：解析：这里表示两种相反的可能情形。该句大意为：他们会自觉(consciously)或不自觉地(unconsciously)将一些体验视为与当前任务无关而排除出去(screen out)。所以选 C。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.by handB.on handC.with handD.at hand 解析：解析：根据全句的意思，这里需要选一个表示“所面对的，正在处理的”或类似意思的词，因此选at hand“手头正在处理的”。(13
32、).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.seeB.ignore C.attendD.hear解析：解析：由 but by turning our attention to them 所表示的转折和对照意义，可以推知前面的空格该填一个与之意义相反的词，因此选 B 项 ignore“忽视”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.to a great extent B.to a small extentC.to such an extentD.to what extent解析：解析：本段的主题，如本段第 l 句所示，是观察者对经验数据的选择对科学研究的影响，本段最后一句中的 in large par
33、t 也表明所问的问题的影响很大，因此选 A 项 to a great extent“在很大程度上”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.on B.inC.fromD.for解析：解析：破折号后面的部分是对前面的 on what he is looking for 进行补充说明，因此选 A 项on。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.because B.whereC.whenD.as if解析：解析：从前面一句可以看出：they ask different questions 与 academic disciplines differ之间是因果关系，因此选 A 项 because“因
34、为”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.in our eyesB.so to speak C.for this sakeD.to this day解析：解析：最后一段是用比喻的方式概括前面两段所说的内容，因此选 B 项 so to speak“可以这么说”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.fromB.inC.acrossD.through 解析：解析：穿过什么、透过什么来看，用 D 项 through“穿过”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.smallB.littleC.much D.many解析：解析：前面两段的讨论表明，tinted and curved gla
35、ss 对观察结果的影响是很大的，而弄明白其影响决非易事，需要解决很多困难，因此选 C 项 much。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.fact B.questionC.discoveryD.theory解析：解析：that 从句后面表示的是一个客观情况、事实，所以选 A 项 fact“事实”。Is anti-white bias a problem? A new study says whites think discrimination against them is a bigger problem than anti-black bias. They feel threatene
36、d by “【C1】_racism“. In what some have called the new post-racial era, what constitutes discrimination is【C2】_. A new study has found that Americans think significant progress has been made in the fight【C3】_anti-black bias. But white Americans【C4】_that progress as coming at their【C5】_and that anti-wh
37、ite bias has become a more【C6】_social problem than anti-black bias. White Americans see blacks“ progress as a(n) 【C7】_of their status. Is this finding surprising? Do we see this view【C8】_in government policies or court decisions? If so, how? Our recent research【C9】_that white and black Americans agr
38、ee that bias against blacks was【C10】_in the 1950“s and 1960“s. And many Americans support the march【C11】_full and equal rights for all. 【C12】_when blacks see such racism as continuing, whites【C13】_to see it as a problem that has been more or less “solved“. Many whites now believe that it“s anti-whit
39、e bias that“s on a rise, to the point where it“s even more【C14】_than anti-black bias. Why would the perception of anti-white bias have increased【C15】_among whites, particularly in recent years? The answer is still【C16】_. What is certain is that this【C17】_is a danger to the nation. In fact, for all t
40、he gains of the civil rights movement, blacks【C18】_among the poorest, most isolated and most unemployed of all Americans. But such reality is【C19】_to white fellow citizens who are【C20】_instead by fantasies of competitive victimhood.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.relevantB.rationalC.radicalD.reverse 解析
41、：解析：种族歧视一般指的是白人对黑人的歧视，但上文提到 whites think discrimination against them，现在白人认为他们受到歧视，这与原来的情况相反，所以选 D 项 reverse“反向的”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.transferringB.transmittingC.shifting D.unchanging解析：解析：此处意为“形成歧视的因素已经_”。四个选项中只有 C 项 shift“改变；转移”代入，句意通顺。故选 C。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.byB.forC.against D.of解析：解析：空格后的 anti-bla
42、ck bias(对黑人的歧视)是斗争的对象，不是方式、目标或性质，所以选C 项 against“针对”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.persuadedB.perceived C.pledgedD.penetrated解析：解析：空格前后文的 think 和 see 说明了这里谈的是人们的观点、看法，所以选 B 项perceive“感觉”。最后一段第 1 句的 perception 也提示了此处的答案。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.expense B.valueC.consumptionD.convenience解析：解析：此处的 that progress 指代上文提及的“反
43、黑人歧视的进步”。再结合上文说“白人感觉自己受到歧视”，可推断此处表示反黑人歧视的进步是以白人为代价的。应填入“以为代价”含义的短语。at ones expense 意为“以为代价”，符合要求。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.significantB.serious C.profoundD.contemporary解析：解析：第 l 段第 2 句提示了此处的答案，a bigger problem 就相当于 a more serious problem，因此选 B 项 serious“严重的”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.insuranceB.inspirationC.insul
44、t D.respect解析：解析：由第 1 段最后一句的 They feel threatened，可知白人认为自己的地位正受到来自黑人的威胁，故只有 C 项 insult“侮辱，冒犯”符合上下文语境。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.recruitedB.recommendedC.recalledD.reflected 解析：解析：空格前是 this view(这种观点)，空格后是 in government policies(在政府政策中)，这种观点只能“反映”在政府政策中，故选 D 项 reflect“反映”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.displaysB.exhibits
45、C.reveals D.requires解析：解析：本句的主语是 recent research(最近研究)，在说明研究结果时，与“研究”搭配的动词一般是“表明”、“揭露”等词，故选 C 项 reveal“揭示”，意为“最近的研究揭示”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.common B.publicC.ordinaryD.comprehensive解析：解析：空格修饰的是 bias against blacks(对黑人的歧视)，故 B 项 public“公共的”和 D 项comprehensive“综合的”与之搭配明显不符合逻辑，首先排除。C 项 ordinary“普通的，平常的”，
46、与“特殊”相对应。一般修饰事物或个体，如 ordinary post“平凡的岗位”，用于此也不符合。由于对黑人的歧视是一种普遍现象，故选 A 项 common“普遍的”最为合适。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.onB.ofC.toward D.throughout解析：解析：空格前的 march 表示“前进；行军”，空格后的 full and equal rights(完全平等的权利)是前进、奋斗的目标，所以用 C 项 toward“朝，向”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.HenceB.But C.SinceD.Thus解析：解析：上半句是“黑人认为种族歧视还在继续”，下
47、半句是“白人认为这个问题已或多或少得到了解决”，前后句是一种转折关系表明了黑人与白人看法的分歧，故选 B 项 But。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.applyB.objectC.attendD.tend 解析：解析：由第 2 段倒数第二句的 that progress(那个进步)可推断白人倾向于认为对黑人的歧视问题已或多或少解决，故选 D 项 tend to“倾向于”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.critical B.meaningfulC.essentialD.relieved解析：解析：空格前提到，许多白人认为白人歧视仍在迅速上升(on a rise)。“上升”最终到达的程度应是比“黑人歧视”严重，因此选 A 项 critical“危急的”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.frequentlyB.dramatically C.slowlyD.suddenly解析：解析：上文提到对白人的偏见现象呈上升趋势，下文的 particularly 也是强调这一趋势，所以选B 项 dramatically“极大地”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.unfixedB.unsettledC.unknown D.unnoticed解析：解析：由下文的 what is certain i
