1、考研英语模拟试卷 105及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The American idea that hard work was to be esteemed distinguishes us from Europeans who (1)_ their gentlemen of leisure. For us, ha
2、rd work (2)_ idleness was the way (3)_ distinction. Now, (4)_, like many other traditional values, hard work is coming under (5)_. In academic journals, conferences and classrooms, the idea of hard work is considered to be another of those notions that the dominant forces of our society (6)_ on the
3、rest of Us. It (7)_ advances white-male interests (8)_ any woman or minority foolish enough to buy into the dominant value system will find out. In a recent survey, high-school students in the United States and Japan were asked to (9)_ factors that (10)_ to success in the classroom. Of the Japanese,
4、 72 percent listed hard work first (11)_ only 27 percent of Americans agreed. Many factors contribute to the devaluing of hard work. Thinking that self-esteem is crucial, many parents and teachers (12)_ to point out the students failing, even laziness. To make matters (13)_, Americans place an unusu
5、ally high value on the idea of innate ability. And (14)_ inevitably deemphasizes the role that hard work plays in success. (15)_ if our students fail to see that hard work (16)_, it is because we are telling them time and again, that it (17)_. If we want young people to esteem hard work, it is UP to
6、 us to show them its worth, its strength and its significance in everyday life. And while we are at it, we should make sure they know there are many ideas to which we can all (18)_. The notion that these values cannot (19)_ class, race more than the idea of hard work. It can call into question (20)_
7、 there can be an American creed a public philosophy for us all. （ A） admire （ B） despise （ C） regard （ D） enjoy （ A） more than （ B） rather than （ C） other than （ D） less than （ A） of （ B） on （ C） to （ D） for （ A） anyway （ B） somehow （ C） somewhat （ D） however （ A） attack （ B） praise （ C） emphasis （
8、D） way （ A） act （ B） play （ C） impose （ D） perform （ A） almost （ B） merely （ C） scarcely （ D） seldom （ A） as （ B） which （ C） that （ D） what （ A） list （ B） name （ C） recall （ D） rank （ A） paid （ B） constituted （ C） contributed （ D） comprised （ A） when （ B） while （ C） where （ D） that （ A） urge （ B） re
9、luctant （ C） long （ D） hesitate （ A） important （ B） serious （ C） worse （ D） better （ A） aptitude （ B） latitude （ C） longitude （ D） gratitude （ A） Thus （ B） But （ C） Whereas （ D） Furthermore （ A） serves （ B） involves （ C） matters （ D） works （ A） isnt （ B） does （ C） is （ D） doesnt （ A） ascribe （ B） at
10、tribute （ C） subscribe （ D） prescribe （ A） condescend （ B） transform （ C） convert （ D） transcend （ A） whether （ B） that （ C） why （ D） how Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 It has been a wretched few weeks f
11、or Americas celebrity bosses. AIGs Maurice “Hank“ Greenberg has been dramatically ousted from the firm through which he dominated global insurance for decades. At Morgan Stanley a mutiny is forcing Philip Purcell, a boss used to getting his own way, into an increasingly desperate campaign to save hi
12、s skin. At Boeing, Harry Stonecipher was called out of retirement to lead the scandal-hit firm and raise ethical standards, only to commit a lapse of his own, being sacked (it seems) for sending e-mails to a lover who was also an employee. Curly Fiorina was the most powerful woman in corporate Ameri
13、ca until a few weeks ago, when Hewlett-Packard (HP) sacked her for poor performance. The fate of Bernie Ebbers is much grimmer. The once high-profile boss of World-Com could well spend the rest of his life behind bars following his conviction last month on fraud charges. In different ways, each of t
14、hese examples appears to point to the same, welcome conclusion: that the imbalance in corporate power of the late 1990s, when many bosses were allowed to behave like absolute monarchs, has been corrected. Alas, appearances can be deceptive. While each of these recent tales of chief-executive woe is
15、a sign of progress, none provides much evidence that the crisis in American corporate governance is yet over. In fact, each of these cases is an example of failed, not successful, governance. At the very least, the boards of both Morgan Stanley and HP were far too slow to ad dress their bosses inade
16、quacies. The record of the Boeing board in picking chiefs prone to ethical lapses is too long to be dismissed as mere bad luck. The fall of Messrs Green berg and Ebbers, meanwhile, highlights the growing role of government and, in particular, of criminal prosecutors in holding bosses to account: a d
17、evelopment that is, at best, a mixed blessing. The Sarbanes-Oxley act, passed in haste following the Enron and WorldCom scandals, is imposing heavy costs on American companies; whether these are exceeded by any benefits is the subject of fierce debate and many not be known for years. Eliot Spitzer,
18、New Yorks attorney-general, is the leading advocate and practitioner of an energetic “law enforcement“ approach. He may be right that the recent burst of punitive actions has been good for the economy, even if (as is surely the case) some of his own decisions have been open to question. Where he is
19、undoubtedly right is in arguing that corporate America has done a lamentable job of governing itself. As he says in an article in the Wall Street Journal this week: “The honour code among CEOS didnt work. Board oversight didnt work. Self-regulation was a complete failure.“ AIGs board, for example, d
20、id nothing about Mr. Greenbergs use of murky accounting, or the conflicts posed by his use of offshore vehicles, or his constant bullying of his critics let alone the firms alleged participation in bid-rigging until Mr. Spitzer threatened a criminal prosecution that might have destroyed the firm. 21
21、 The phrase “save his skin“(Paragraph 1) denotes （ A） protect skin. （ B） use cosmetics. （ C） escape misery. （ D） save energy. 22 The author seems to suggest that the defect in corporate power of the late 1990 s （ A） has been exaggerated. （ B） has not been removed. （ C） has been rectified. （ D） has n
22、ot been deceived. 23 Paragraph 3 is written to （ A） illustrate the breakdown with respect to governance. （ B） explain the record of the Boeing board in terms of ethical lapses. （ C） exemplify the boards of Morgan Stanley and HP. （ D） stress the heavy costs of the Sarbanes-Oxley act. 24 The views of
23、the writer and Spitzer on American corporate governance are （ A） opposite. （ B） similar. （ C） identical. （ D） complementary. 25 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Mr. Spitzer （ A） threatened AIGs board. （ B） prompted AIGs action. （ C） prosecuted AIGs crime. （ D） destroyed AIGs accountin
24、g. 26 A teenager was unable to call an ambulance after her parents were shot in February because the familys internet phone service did not offer access to the 911 emergency number. A baby died in March for the same reason. Sad tales such as these led Americas Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
25、 to vote on May 19th to require internet phone companies to offer a 911 service. In so doing, the FCC seemed to have taken its first, big step towards imposing traditional telecoms rules on the internet a contentious move given the fears that this will strangle what many still regard as an infant in
26、dustry, especially if regulators elsewhere follow suit. But are the new rules really so bad? The new rules uphold a subset of telecoms policy, social objectives, which is much less burdensome than the FCCS hugely unpopular economic regulation. Many providers of internet telephony strictly, Voice ove
27、r Internet Protocol (VOIP) have for years sought the technical ability to provide an emergency service, knowing that such a feature would be essential were internet telephony ever to become a truly credible alternative to the traditional phone service. Incumbent operators that manage the emergency-s
28、ervice sys tem have not always made it easy for the upstarts to interconnect, which costs a provider almost $10m a year for nationwide service. The FCC has signaled that incumbent operators had better now act fairly. Moreover, the new rules apply only to certain firms, are easy to implement, and pro
29、 vide flexibility for future technical improvements. Only firms that offer VOIP via the public telephone network will have to provide 911, and to use it their customers will have to register their addresses. Only when internet technology is developed to allow the network to tell where a phone is con
30、nected to it will other VOIP operators be required to introduce this facility. Significantly, services based mainly on software, such as voice-enabled instant-messenger programs or online video games, which do not try to resemble regular phone service, are exempt. All in all then, the new policy is
31、unlikely to do much to slow a business now growing rapidly worldwide. In America, VOIP is on track to exceed $1 billion in revenue this year, with over 3m users. Many ordinary phone firms now use the technology to connect calls, helping VOIP to account for a growing slice of international phone traf
32、fic. Having found an elegant way to impose 911 rules on VOIP, the FCCs next challenge will be to secure wire-tapping capability for law-enforcement surveillance. This is an issue that similarly has been quietly debated for years. It may take another set of tragedies before it is mandated in a quick,
33、 unanimous vote by the regulators. 26 We can learn from the text that FCCs mandate （ A） resulted from emergent tales. （ B） offered free 911 service. （ C） originated from tragic accidents. （ D） strangled new rules. 27 The phrase “follow suit“(Paragraph 2) might mean （ A） set up a subset of new rules.
34、 （ B） behave as a regulator. （ C） uphold an infant industry. （ D） act in the way FCC did. 28 It is implied in the third paragraph that （ A） lack of a 911 service will dim the prospect of internet telephony to some extent. （ B） popular economic regulators are supportive of telecoms. （ C） the technica
35、l ability is essential to many providers. （ D） incumbent operators manage phone service fairly for the time being. 29 Which of the following, according to the text, is true? （ A） Future technical enhancement is exempt from the adoption of FCCs new rules. （ B） A business developing rapidly worldwide
36、reaches a near standstill. （ C） Certain firms have to get their addresses registered. （ D） The growth of internet technology exercises an influence over the application of the new policy. 30 The authors attitude toward FCCs new rules seems to be （ A） indifference. （ B） approval. （ C） suspicion. （ D）
37、 opposition. 31 Americas space agency has a legendary love of paperwork. Consequently, NASA has published over 6,000 pages about the contracts for its Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), the craft that will put people into orbit around Earth, allowing them to carry out tasks such as visiting the interna
38、tional space station after the shuttle fleet is retired in 2010. But the CEV is also central to the agencys new vision of putting people back on the moon. Frank Sietzen, a journalist and coauthor of “New Moon Rising“, a chronicle of the development of the new NASA vision, has spent the better part o
39、f the past six months leafing through these contracts in order to divine the agencys plans. He says that because the CEV must be compatible with other components of the vision, the contracts give de tails of how NASA is planning to explore the moon and Mars. According to Mr. Sietzen, the new moonshi
40、ps will have three components that will be launched separately and then bolted together in orbit unlike NASAs previous moon rocket, the Saturn 5, in which everything went up at once. One component will be the CEV. The second will be an Earth-departure stage a rocket that provides the oomph needed to
41、 push the ship on its way to the moon. The third will be the “lunar surface access module“, or lunar lander, to the man in the street. The decision to assemble the new moonships in orbit lowers the cost of developing the rocket needed to get them off the Earths surface. Mr. Sietzeen predicts that in
42、 about a months time, when NASA picks two bidders for a CEV, it will announce what this rock et will be and that it will be based on the technology now used to launch the shuttles. It is also, he adds, possible to work out from the contracts what the masses of the different components will be. These
43、 suggest that four astronauts will travel to the moon and six astronauts to Mars, and that the access module will sometimes fly as an unmanned truck carrying cargo to the moons surface. He predicts that there will be three phases of lunar exploration. Initial landings of two to three days will pick
44、up where Apollo left off. Subsequent trips to rougher terrain will last for a week to ten days. And eventually a base camp will be established at one of the poles. This will be occupied for periods ranging from 90 days to a year, and will lead to a permanent manned presence that would act as a proto
45、type Mars base. 31 The best title for this text could be （ A） CEV and NASAs lunar plan. （ B） Frank Sietzens legendary affection. （ C） CEV and its earth orbit. （ D） Frank Sietzens astronomical feats. 32 The word “divine“(Paragraph 2) in the text probably means （ A） separate. （ B） worship. （ C） foreca
46、st. （ D） spoil. 33 It is implied in the text that the contracts would fail to inform the public of NASAs new vision if （ A） the new moonships will be launched together. （ B） NASAs Crew Exploration Vehicle could not be manipulated with the help of ground-based equipment. （ C） the agencys plans are no
47、t carried out faithfully. （ D） NASAs Crew Exploration Vehicle could not be employed together with the rest parts of the plan. 34 The term “oomph“(Paragraph 3) in the text denotes （ A） clue. （ B） short-cut. （ C） insight. （ D） energy. 35 Which of the following is true according to the text? （ A） Rocke
48、t budget would soar without the assembly move. （ B） The masses of the various components will be worked out. （ C） The technology needed for the moonships would reduce the cost of the rocket. （ D） The decision to organize the engineers gives another push up in terms of space fund. 36 White people ten
49、d to be nervous of raising the subject of race and education, but are often voluble on the issue if a black person brings it up. So when Trevor Phillips, chair man of Britains Commission for Racial Equality, said that there was a particular problem with black boys performance at school, and that it might be a good idea to educate them apart from other pupils, there was a torrent of comment. Some of it commended his proposal, and some criticized it, but
