1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 90 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Culture influences an individual“s health beliefs, behaviours, activities and m
2、edical treatment outcomes.【C1】_the significant influence of culture upon health and related outcomes, health care【C2】_should be culturally competent in order to provide【C3】_health care to patients. Cultural competency means considering many options and being more careful about making judgements.【C4】
3、_, scars and bruises that suggest abuse in western culture could【C5】_be symbols of accepted healing methods or sacred rituals.【C6】_, different parts of the body are considered sacred in different cultures. Cultural competency in healthcare【C7】_four major challenges for providers. The first is the st
4、raightforward challenge of recognizing clinical【C8】_among people of different ethnic and racial groups, e.g., higher【C9】_of hypertension in African Americans and【C10】_diabetes in certain Native American groups. The second, and far more complicated, challenge is【C11】_. This deals with everything from
5、 the need for interpreters to nuances of words in various languages. Many patients, even in western cultures, are【C12】_to talk with their doctors about【C13】_personal matters as sexual activity or chemical use. How do we overcome this【C14】_among more restricted cultures? The third challenge is ethics
6、.【C15】_western medicine is among the best in the world, we do not have all the【C16】_. Respect for the belief systems of【C17】_and the effects of those beliefs on well-being are critically important to competent care. The final challenge involves【C18】_. For some patients, authority figures are immedia
7、tely mistrusted,【C19】_for good reason. Having seen or been victims of atrocities at the hands of authorities in their homelands, many people are as【C20】_of caregivers themselves as they are of the care.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.Because ofB.Due toC.Thanks toD.In regard to(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.profess
8、orsB.signalsC.professionalsD.assistants(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.optimumB.optimistC.optimisticD.optional(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.For this sakeB.For that matterC.For a timeD.For example(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.trulyB.surelyC.actuallyD.really(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.In factB.In additionC.In generalD.In theory(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）
9、A.providesB.reducesC.contendsD.holds(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.similaritiesB.differencesC.traditionsD.experiences(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.dangerB.threatC.riskD.problem(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.withC.forD.than(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.contactB.communicationC.understandingD.translation(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.readyB.hardC.re
10、luctantD.impossible(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.theseB.manyC.allD.such(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.challengeB.taskC.resultD.mistake(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.WhenB.WhileC.AsD.Unless(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.diagnosesB.medicinesC.answersD.religions(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.anotherB.othersC.the othersD.the other(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.
11、faithB.honorC.reputationD.trust(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.sometimesB.sometimeC.some timesD.some time(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.consciousB.carefulC.worriedD.waryMany people like to travel. The problem is getting your pet to the【C1】_. In recent years, transporting pets on flights has grown more【C2】_and more expen
12、sive. All major carriers have【C3】_raised the fees that they【C4】_for bringing pets onboard, matching, or in some cases,【C5】_. the fee for children flying alone. Fees【C6】_depending on whether the pet flies under your seat, or as checked baggage, which【C7】_extra handling. Pet safety has also become a m
13、ore【C8】_issue. Incidents of animals being lost, injured or dying have recently【C9】_. Thirty-nine animals died while flying aboard【C10】_jets last year, compared with 22 two years ago. 【C11】_those numbers are a small percentage of the hundreds of thousands of animals flown by the airlines each year, t
14、hey expose the dangers that pets may face while traveling. Not that airlines don“t【C12】_risks, but that some pets are liable to breathing problems or【C13】_illness. Delta, which reported several dog【C14】_last year, has changed its policy and now【C15】_some breeds from its planes. Despite the inconveni
15、ences, airlines say they are going out of their way to be pet【C16】_. Last year Frontier Airlines, in【C17】_to demand, began accepting pets in the passenger cabin for the first time【C18】_it had transported pets only as baggage. If you are considering putting your pet on a plane, here are a few tips to
16、【C19】_the process. Don“t wait until the last minute to book, for airlines limit the number of pets in the cabin. Placing your pet on the floor of the car beforehand so it can feel the【C20】_as it will on a plane.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.detectionB.destructionC.desperationD.destination(2).【C2】（分数：
17、2.00）A.confusedB.mixedC.complicatedD.involved(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.hardlyB.significantlyC.highlyD.normally(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.collectB.costC.chargeD.pay(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.exhibitingB.exertingC.executingD.exceeding(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.varyB.modifyC.convertD.shift(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.relatesB.evolvesC.involve
18、sD.includes(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.amazingB.confusingC.promisingD.pressing(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.arisenB.risenC.descendedD.raised(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.commercialB.privateC.tradingD.comprehensive(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.IfB.SinceC.WhileD.As(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.supposeB.anticipateC.expectD.judge(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A
19、.instantB.immediateC.rapidD.sudden(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.fatalitiesB.facilitiesC.facultiesD.fantasies(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.cancelsB.obstructsC.bansD.deletes(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.friendlyB.kindC.intimateD.lively(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.interactionB.returnC.responseD.feedback(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.UsuallyB.Gene
20、rallyC.ObviouslyD.Previously(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.smashB.smoothC.sketchD.splash(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.shockB.liberationC.substitutionD.vibration考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 90 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word
21、(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Culture influences an individual“s health beliefs, behaviours, activities and medical treatment outcomes.【C1】_the significant influence of culture upon health and related outcomes, health care【C2】_should be culturally competent in order
22、 to provide【C3】_health care to patients. Cultural competency means considering many options and being more careful about making judgements.【C4】_, scars and bruises that suggest abuse in western culture could【C5】_be symbols of accepted healing methods or sacred rituals.【C6】_, different parts of the b
23、ody are considered sacred in different cultures. Cultural competency in healthcare【C7】_four major challenges for providers. The first is the straightforward challenge of recognizing clinical【C8】_among people of different ethnic and racial groups, e.g., higher【C9】_of hypertension in African Americans
24、 and【C10】_diabetes in certain Native American groups. The second, and far more complicated, challenge is【C11】_. This deals with everything from the need for interpreters to nuances of words in various languages. Many patients, even in western cultures, are【C12】_to talk with their doctors about【C13】_
25、personal matters as sexual activity or chemical use. How do we overcome this【C14】_among more restricted cultures? The third challenge is ethics.【C15】_western medicine is among the best in the world, we do not have all the【C16】_. Respect for the belief systems of【C17】_and the effects of those beliefs
26、 on well-being are critically important to competent care. The final challenge involves【C18】_. For some patients, authority figures are immediately mistrusted,【C19】_for good reason. Having seen or been victims of atrocities at the hands of authorities in their homelands, many people are as【C20】_of c
27、aregivers themselves as they are of the care.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.Because of B.Due toC.Thanks toD.In regard to解析：解析：空格后的“文化对一个人的健康情况能产生深远影响”是主句“医疗护理专家需要精通文化，以便为病人提供健康护理”的原因，因此空格里需要填一个中性的表示原因的词故选 A 项 Because of。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.professorsB.signalsC.professionals D.assistants解析：解析：根据下文的 prov
28、idehealth care to patients(提供的健康护理)，“提供健康护理”应是医疗卫生服务方面的专业人士，故选 C 项 professionals“专业人士”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.optimum B.optimistC.optimisticD.optional解析：解析：根据句意及常识，即医疗卫生专业人士需要为病人提供最好的健康护理，故选 A 项 optimum的意思是“最佳的，最优的”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.For this sakeB.For that matterC.For a timeD.For example 解析：解析：这一句是以伤痕
29、为例说明认识文化差异对于审慎判断的重要性所以选 D 项 For ex-ample“例如”。其他三项都不能引出例子，可以捧除。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.trulyB.surelyC.actually D.really解析：解析：本句中，空格后面说的情况与前西的情况出人意料地相反，C 项 actually“事实上”强调与人们通常所想不同的实际情况，符合要求。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.In factB.In addition C.In generalD.In theory解析：解析：本句是举另外一种情形不同文化中对身体各部位本身不同的观念。是补充说明前面提出的认识文化差异对于
30、审慎判断的重要性。因此选 B 项 In addition“此外”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.providesB.reducesC.contendsD.holds 解析：解析：本句及后文详细解释的是医疗卫生服务领域内文化知识、能力所涉及的四大挑战。因此选 D项 holds，表示“包含、涉及”的意思。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.similaritiesB.differences C.traditionsD.experiences解析：解析：从本句后面提供的例子可以看出，本句讲的是不同民族、种族的人临床发病上的不同，所以选 B 项 differences“差异”。(9).【C9
31、】（分数：2.00）A.dangerB.threatC.risk D.problem解析：解析：上一句提到“不同民族、种族的人临床发病上的不同”，但高血压每个民族的人都会有，要体现不同只能是发病率上，所以选 C 项 risk“(发病)风险”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.of B.withC.forD.than解析：解析：从意思上看，and 前后是并列的内容，因此由空格前的 of hypertension，也可以判断本题选 A 项 of。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.contactB.communication C.understandingD.translation解
32、析：解析：这一句是本段的中心句，需能概括全段。从下文的 need for interpreters(需要口译)、talk with their doctors(跟医生交谈)等关键信息来看，这段讲的是交流问题，因此选 B 项communication“交流”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.readyB.hardC.reluctant D.impossible解析：解析：本句后面列举了两个例子：性生活、使用成瘾药物。根据常识也可知，一般人是不愿谈论这种私人问题的。所以选 C 项 reluctant“勉强的”。下一句的 restricted(保守的)也印证了这一点。(13).【C13】（
33、分数：2.00）A.theseB.manyC.allD.such 解析：解析：本句后面是在举例，且后面有 as，因此选 D 项 such。本句中有 as 引出的例子，A 项these、B 项 many 和 C 项 all 后面都不能搭配 as 来举例。因此均不正确。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.challenge B.taskC.resultD.mistake解析：解析：本句承前面一句，上一句提到“人们不愿谈论自己的私人问题”，这对于医护人员来说是一种“挑战”因此选 A 项 challenge“挑战”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.WhenB.While C.AsD.U
34、nless解析：解析：本句前半部分说的是非常肯定的陈述，而后半部分是否定的陈述。从意思上可以判断有转折关系，因此前面用一个表示让步转折关系的词，故选 B 项 While。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.diagnosesB.medicinesC.answers D.religions解析：解析：下一句提及“尊重的信念体系及其对病人健康状况的影响也尤为重要”，“尊重的信念体系及其对病人健康状况的影响”是西药以外的东西，因此可推断，西药并不能解决所有问题故选C 项 answers“答案”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.anotherB.others C.the othersD
35、.the other解析：解析：空格中需要填一个泛指其他人的词，因此选 B 项 others，表示“(不定范围内的)其他的、别的”。符合要求。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.faithB.honorC.reputationD.trust 解析：解析：本句是该段的中心句需填一个概括全段的词。从段落思想以及本段第 2 句的 mis-trusted来看需选 D 项 trust“信任”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.sometimes B.sometimeC.some timesD.some time解析：解析：从常识可以判断，不信任权威人士在某些时候有充分的原因。所以选 A 项
36、 sometimes“有时候”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.consciousB.carefulC.worriedD.wary 解析：解析：本句表明，病人因为不信任医护人员和医疗卫生机构而对他们小心警惕。因为后面有介词of，因此选 D 项 wary“谨慎的”。Many people like to travel. The problem is getting your pet to the【C1】_. In recent years, transporting pets on flights has grown more【C2】_and more expensive. All m
37、ajor carriers have【C3】_raised the fees that they【C4】_for bringing pets onboard, matching, or in some cases,【C5】_. the fee for children flying alone. Fees【C6】_depending on whether the pet flies under your seat, or as checked baggage, which【C7】_extra handling. Pet safety has also become a more【C8】_iss
38、ue. Incidents of animals being lost, injured or dying have recently【C9】_. Thirty-nine animals died while flying aboard【C10】_jets last year, compared with 22 two years ago. 【C11】_those numbers are a small percentage of the hundreds of thousands of animals flown by the airlines each year, they expose
39、the dangers that pets may face while traveling. Not that airlines don“t【C12】_risks, but that some pets are liable to breathing problems or【C13】_illness. Delta, which reported several dog【C14】_last year, has changed its policy and now【C15】_some breeds from its planes. Despite the inconveniences, airl
40、ines say they are going out of their way to be pet【C16】_. Last year Frontier Airlines, in【C17】_to demand, began accepting pets in the passenger cabin for the first time【C18】_it had transported pets only as baggage. If you are considering putting your pet on a plane, here are a few tips to【C19】_the p
41、rocess. Don“t wait until the last minute to book, for airlines limit the number of pets in the cabin. Placing your pet on the floor of the car beforehand so it can feel the【C20】_as it will on a plane.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.detectionB.destructionC.desperationD.destination 解析：解析：本句的句意为“问题是如何将宠物带
42、到”，因此推测空格处的词表示地点，此外文章主题与 travel(旅游)相关，因此选 D 项 destination“目的地”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.confusedB.mixedC.complicated D.involved解析：解析：本句的主语 transporting pets on flights(携带宠物坐飞机旅行)是一种做法，由下文的and more expensive(更加昂贵)可知，该做法越来越困难，C 项 complicated“复杂的”一般指的是事情复杂得难以解释或解决，最为合适。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.hardlyB.significantl
43、y C.highlyD.normally解析：解析：空格处所在的副词修饰 raised the fees(提高费用)，表示“费用提高的幅度”，由下文的in some casethe fee for children flying alone(有时甚至儿童单独乘机的费用)可知，费用提高的幅度很大，B 项 significantly“显著地，大大地”，符合语境。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.collectB.costC.charge D.pay解析：解析：that 引导的定语从句修饰 the fees,其中 they 指的是 carriers，即航空公司。航空公司当然是“收费”，因此选 C
44、 项 charge“收费”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.exhibitingB.exertingC.executingD.exceeding 解析：解析：由 or in some cases(在某些情况下)可知，需填入的词与空格前的 matching(相等)是递进关系，故 D 项 exceeding“超过”符合语境。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.vary B.modifyC.convertD.shift解析：解析：四个选项都有“改变”的意思，此句指“费用的变化”。A 项 vary“变化”强调根据情况而变化；B 项 modify“修改，变更”一般指一些文字的修改；C 项 con
45、vert 多指事物外表、用途、性质的“转换，转变”；D 项 shift“改变，转移”一般指位置或方向的改变。由分析可知 A 项 vary 最符合句意。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.relatesB.evolvesC.involves D.includes解析：解析：根据空格前后文的关系进行判断，as checked baggage(作为行李托运)会带来extrahandling“额外的费用”，所以 C 项 involve“涉及”为最佳答案，意为“作为行李托运会涉及额外收费”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.amazingB.confusingC.promisingD.pressi
46、ng 解析：解析：下文提到宠物丢失、受伤或死亡的事件，由此可判断宠物的安全是一个迫切需要解决的问题，故选 D 项 pressing“紧迫的”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.arisenB.risen C.descendedD.raised解析：解析：由后文的 Thirty-ninelast year,22 two years ago 可知动物受到伤害的事件在增多。B 项 rise“升起，升高”符合句意。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.commercial B.privateC.tradingD.comprehensive解析：解析：由全文第 1 句和空格前的while fly
47、ing aboard 可知这里谈论的是大众和宠物的旅行方式，A 项 commercial“商业的”，与 jets 搭配意为“公务机”，符合语境。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.IfB.SinceC.While D.As解析：解析：从句说明“只占很小的比例”，主句表示“暴露了宠物们旅行面临的危险”，由此判断句子是让步状语从句，所以选 C 项 While“尽管”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.supposeB.anticipate C.expectD.judge解析：解析：空格后的词是 risks(风险)，则选择 B 项 anticipate“预料”最为合适，意为“预料风险”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.instantB.immediateC.rapidD.sudden 解析：解析：结合上下文分析，既然宠物是在飞行途中患病，应该是突发疾病，所以 D 项 sudden“突然的”为最佳答案。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.fatalities B.facilitiesC.facultiesD.fantasies解析：解析：由上文的 dangers，risks 和 illness 可知这一段谈论的是动物在旅行中面临的风险，所以A 项 fatalities
