1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 15 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_【F1】 Breathing particulate-laden(aka smoggy)air may be
2、hardening your arteries faster than normal, according to research published today in PLOS Medicine. While everyones“ arteries harden gradually with age, a team of researchers led by epidemiologist Sara Adar of the University of Michigan School of Public Health discovered that higher concentrations o
3、f fine particulate air pollution were linked to a faster thickening of the inner two layers of the carotid artery.【F2】 Because the carotid artery feeds blood to the neck, head, and brain, a narrowing or blockage there can trigger strokes. And general atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is
4、 a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, heart attack, and heart failure. 【F3】 Past research has demonstrated that the rates of stroke and heart attack are higher in polluted areas, but experts haven“t been able to pinpoint just how polluted air is raising peoples“ risk for heart attack or s
5、troke. This time, Adar“s team, along with Joel Kaufman, professor of environmental and occupational health sciences and medicine at the University of Washington, was able to directly measure carotid artery thickness and link it to air pollution data. The study involved 5, 362 people between the ages
6、 of 45 and 84 living in six different cities that are part of the MESA AIR(Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution)research project, led by Joel Kaufman. Each participant underwent two carotid artery ultrasounds three years apart. These measurements were then correlated with data on
7、fine particulate air pollution.【F4】 While the artery walls of all participants increased by 14 micrometers per year, the arteries of those who were exposed to higher levels of fine particulate air pollution in their homes thickened faster than their neighbors in other parts of the city. 【F5】 Interes
8、tingly, the researchers also found the reverse effect to be true: reducing fine particulate air pollution levels slowed down atherosclerosis progression. Carotid artery measurements are considered by experts to be an indicator for arterial plaque and hardening throughout the body.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（
9、分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 Japan said Tuesday it had successfully extracted methane hydrate, known as “fire ice“, from its seabed, possibly unlocking many years“ worth of gas for the resource-starved country. In what they are claiming as a w
10、orld first, a consortium is drilling for the hydrate, a fossil fuel that looks like ice but consists of very densely-packed methane surrounded by water molecules, one kilometre(3, 300 feet)below sea level.【F2】 The solid white substance burns with a pale flame, leaving nothing but water. One of it is
11、 estimated to contain many times the equivalent volume of methane in gas form. The consortium, led by Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, began initial work in February last year and on Tuesday started a two-week experimental production, an economy, trade and industry ministry official s
12、aid. “It is the world“s first offshore experiment producing gas from methane hydrate,“ the official said, adding that the team successfully collected methane gas extracted from the half-frozen substance.【F3】 Under the government-led project, the consortium is to separate methanethe primary component
13、 of natural gasfrom the solid clathrate compound under the seabed using the high pressures available at depth, officials said. A huge layer of methane hydrate containing 1.1 trillion cubic metres(38.5 trillion cubic feet)in natural gasequivalent to Japan“s consumption of the gas for 11 yearsis belie
14、ved to lie in the ocean floor off the coast of Shikoku island, western Japan, the officials said. 【F4】 “We aim to establish methane hydrate production technologies for practical use by the fiscal 2018 year ending March 2019.“ a consortium official said. “We want to consolidate technologies for its c
15、ommercialisation,“ economy, trade and industry minister Toshimitsu Motegi also told a news conference, according to Jiji Press. “I hope we can make use of resources surrounding our country as soon as possible by clearing hurdles one by one,“ he added. 【F5】 The move comes as resource-poor Japan has s
16、truck out in search of new energy supplies after it shut down its stable of nuclear reactors in the wake of 2011 “s tsunami-sparked nuclear crisis.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_This line of inquiry did not begin until earlier this
17、 monthmore than three months after the accidentbecause there were “too many emotions, too many egos,“ said retired Adm. Harold Gehman, chairman of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. Testifying before the Senate Commerce Committee, Gehman said this part of his inquiry was in its earliest stag
18、es, starting just 10 days ago. But Gehman said he already has concluded it is “inconceivable“ that NASA would have been unable or unwilling to attempt a rescue for astronauts in orbit if senior shuttle managers and administrators had known there was fatal damage to Columbia“s left wing.【F1】 Gehman t
19、old reporters after the hearing that answers to these important questions could have enormous impact, since they could place in a different context NASA“s decisions against more aggressively checking possible wing damage in the days before Columbia“s fatal return. Investigators believe breakaway ins
20、ulating foam damaged part of Columbia“ s wing shortly after lift off, allowing superheated air to penetrate the wing during its fiery re-entry on Feb.l, melt it from inside.【F2】 Among those decisions was the choice by NASA“s senior shuttle managers and administrators to reject offers of satellite im
21、ages of possible damage to Columbia“s left wing before the accident. The subject dominated the early part of Wednesday“ s hearing. Gehman complained managers and administrators “missed signals “when they rejected those offers for images, a pointedly harsh assessment of the space agency“s inaction du
22、ring the 16-day shuttle mission.【F3】 “We will attempt to pin this issue down in our report, but there were a number of bureaucratic and administrative missed signals here,“ Gehman told senators. “We“re not quite so happy with the process.“ 【F4】 The investigative board already had recommended that NA
23、SA push for better coordination between the space agency and military offices in charge of satellites and telescopes. The U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency in March agreed to regularly capture detailed satellite images of space shuttles in orbit.【F5】 Still, Gehman said it was unclear whether
24、even images from America“s most sophisticated spy satellites might have detected on Columbia“s wing any damage, which Gehman said could have been as small as two inches square. The precise capabilities of such satellites proved to be a sensitive topic during the Senate hearing.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：
25、2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 GE, a large American conglomerate, is now proposing to make ultrasound transducers by “additive“manufacturingor three-dimensional printing, as it is also known. A new laboratory at the firm“ s research centre in Niska
26、yuna, New York, is taking a hard-headed look at the technique, which some see as a fad and others as the future, and working out which products might be made more efficiently by addition rather than subtraction. 【F2】 The GE process for making a transducer begins by spreading onto the print table a t
27、hin layer of ceramic slurry containing a light-sensitive polymer. This layer is exposed to ultraviolet light through a mask that represents the required pattern. Wherever the light falls on the polymer it causes it to solidify, binding the particles in the slurry together. The print table is then lo
28、wered by a fraction of a millimetre and the process repeated, with a different mask if required. And so on. Once finished, the solidified shape is cleaned of residual slurry and heated in a furnace to sinter the ceramic particles together. More work will be needed to turn the process into a producti
29、on-ready system. But Prabhjot Singh, who leads the project, hopes that it will be possible to use it to make not just cheaper ultrasound probes, but also more sensitive ones that can show greater detail.【F3】 Although researchers have had new transducer designs in mind for years, it has been impracti
30、cal to construct them subtractively. Additive manufacturing could change that. The new laboratory will look at other forms of additive manufacturing, too.【F4】 Some 3D printers spread metal powders on the print table and sinter the pattern with lasers or electron beams, rather than using masks. Other
31、s deposit thin filaments of polymer in order to build structures up. GE is interested in how the technology could be used right across the firm“s businesses, from aerospace to power generation and consumer products, according to Luana Iorio, head of manufacturing technologies at GE Global Research.
32、The gains include less waste and the ability to make bespoke parts more easily. But one of the most compelling advantages is freeing designers from the constraints of traditional production. Those constraints include having to design things not in their optimal shape but to be machined, often as a s
33、eries of pieces. Additive manufacturing can combine parts into a single item, so less assembly is needed. That can also save weighta particular advantage in aerospace.【F5】 These new production opportunities mean manufacturers, big and small, are about to become a lot more inventive.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1
34、】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 15 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined seg
35、ments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：【F1】 Breathing particulate-laden(aka smoggy)air may be hardening your arteries faster than normal, according to research published today in PLOS Medicine. While everyones“ arteries harden gradually with age, a team of researchers led by epidemiologist Sara Adar of th
36、e University of Michigan School of Public Health discovered that higher concentrations of fine particulate air pollution were linked to a faster thickening of the inner two layers of the carotid artery.【F2】 Because the carotid artery feeds blood to the neck, head, and brain, a narrowing or blockage
37、there can trigger strokes. And general atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, heart attack, and heart failure. 【F3】 Past research has demonstrated that the rates of stroke and heart attack are higher in polluted areas, but experts haven“t be
38、en able to pinpoint just how polluted air is raising peoples“ risk for heart attack or stroke. This time, Adar“s team, along with Joel Kaufman, professor of environmental and occupational health sciences and medicine at the University of Washington, was able to directly measure carotid artery thickn
39、ess and link it to air pollution data. The study involved 5, 362 people between the ages of 45 and 84 living in six different cities that are part of the MESA AIR(Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution)research project, led by Joel Kaufman. Each participant underwent two carotid art
40、ery ultrasounds three years apart. These measurements were then correlated with data on fine particulate air pollution.【F4】 While the artery walls of all participants increased by 14 micrometers per year, the arteries of those who were exposed to higher levels of fine particulate air pollution in th
41、eir homes thickened faster than their neighbors in other parts of the city. 【F5】 Interestingly, the researchers also found the reverse effect to be true: reducing fine particulate air pollution levels slowed down atherosclerosis progression. Carotid artery measurements are considered by experts to be an indicator for arterial plaque and hardening throughout the body.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：根据今日发表在公共科学图书馆医学杂志上的研究，呼吸含大量颗粒物的(雾霾)空气可能会让你的动脉硬化速度加快。)解析：(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：由于颈动脉要向颈部、头部和大脑供血，颈动脉变窄或堵塞可能会引发中风。通常动脉硬化是冠心病、心脏病发作和心力衰竭的主要风险因素。)解析：(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正
