1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 4及答案解析(总分：54.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：27，分数：54.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：2.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：2.00）_3.Although numerous books have been written about American
2、 mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.（分数：2.00）_4.Television, the most pervasive and persuasive modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our liv
3、es and our world.（分数：2.00）_5.But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their“expectation of life“, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.（分数：2.00）_6.There is a general suppor
4、t for the argument Democrats are beginning to make that priority should be given to improving the ability of the government to prevent the smuggling of weapons of mass destruction into the entry and to respond effectively should such an attack occur.（分数：2.00）_7.It therefore becomes more and more imp
5、ortant that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.（分数：2.00）_8.People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confuse
6、d and helpless as anybody else.（分数：2.00）_9.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.（分数：2.00）_10.In the Middle Ages widespread
7、use was made of arguments from analogy, on the belief that the universe formed an ordered structure that the macrocosmic pattern of the whole is reproduced in the mi-crocosmic pattern of parts so that it is possible to draw inferences by analogy from one to the other.（分数：2.00）_11.And numerous experi
8、ments have shown once the concept of self is changed, other things consistent with the new concept of self are accomplished easily and without strain.（分数：2.00）_12.In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when wh
9、at is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined.（分数：2.00）_13.This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.（分数：2.00）_14.Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think t
10、hey have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical compositiona finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.（分数：2.00）_15.Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in built personalities will be rega
11、rded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.（分数：2.00）_16.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of spec
12、ial training.（分数：2.00）_17.It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter(后者)is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former(前者).（分数：2.00）_1
13、8.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.（分数：2.00）_19.You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and
14、 deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.（分数：2.00）_20.It seems to me that the time is ripe for the Department of Employment a
15、nd the Department of Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system which will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent, application and industry currently being wasted on certificates, diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about.（分数：2.00）_2
16、1.Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.（分数：2.00）_22.Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that ani
17、mals lie outside the area of moral choice.（分数：2.00）_23.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.（分数：2.00）_24.In large part as a consequence of the fe
18、minist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.（分数：2.00）_25.Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemsel
19、ves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.（分数：2.00）_26.Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory.（分数：2.00）_27.It seems simple en
20、ough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 4答案解析(总分：54.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：27，分数：54.00)1.Sec
21、tion II Reading Comprehension（分数：2.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：2.00）_解析：3.Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.（分数：2.
22、00）_正确答案：(正确答案：虽然关于美国母亲的书不胜枚举，但直到最近才有以父亲这一角色为中心的作品问世。)解析：解析：主句为 only recently has literature focused on the role of a father；Although引导让步状语从句：only 放在句首后接状语引导倒装句，表示强调，主语为 literature。4.Television, the most pervasive and persuasive modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into
23、a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：电视，这项以更新变革快为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步人一个新时代，一个极为先进尖端和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和我们的世界。)解析：解析：主句为 television is moving into a new era其中 the most和 marked by为插入语作定语修饰 television。a
24、n era of 是前面的 new era的同位语；which 引导非限定性定语从句修饰era。5.But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their“expectation of life“, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(
25、正确答案：可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比较合理地估计出这些矿物质“预期寿命”，也就是说，经过若干年后，这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。)解析：解析：全句为并列复合句。第一个 it为形式主语，that 引导着主语从句；第二个 it也是形式主语代替后面的不定式；the time是“expectation of life”的同位语，进一步解释其含义，而 time后面的句子是它的定语从句。句子的层次较多，翻译时需要作必要的调整。6.There is a general support for the argument Democrats are begin
26、ning to make that priority should be given to improving the ability of the government to prevent the smuggling of weapons of mass destruction into the entry and to respond effectively should such an attack occur.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：人们普遍支持民主党人开始提出的主张，即政府应当优先考虑提高其预防有人把大规模杀伤性武器走私到国内的能力。同时，假如出现类似的袭击，还应
27、当提高政府做出有效应对的能力。)解析：解析：本句的结构为 there be句型加上三个从句。其中 Democrats为定语从句修饰argument；that引导同位语从句说明 argument的具体内容；should such an attack occur 为虚拟语气，省略了引导词 if，并引起句子倒装。另外，to improving 为介词短语修饰 priority；to prevent 为不定式短语修饰 ability。7.It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste the
28、ir opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。总之，这个显得越来越重要了。)解析：解析：句子主干为 It becomes important，it 形式主语代替 that从句；if 引导条件状语从句作插入语，翻译时一般要将其提到句首。8.People were afraid to leave t
29、heir houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：尽管警察已接到命令，要做好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。)解析：解析：此句是由 for引导的一个并列复合句，共有三层含义，但位置比较特殊。其中结果在前，原因在后，让步从句在句中。翻译时必须按照汉语习惯顺序作必要的调整。9.
30、The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：这一变化适应了新时代技术的要求，防止了效率下降，而效率下降已使许多老家族公司破产，因为第二、三代继承人已不像公司创立者那样精力充沛
31、。)解析：解析：该句主干为“The change metand prevented。”“that”后边引导的是一定语从句，作后置定语，修饰“the decline in efficiency”；介词短语“in the second and third generation，”作状语修饰“spoiled”。10.In the Middle Ages widespread use was made of arguments from analogy, on the belief that the universe formed an ordered structure that the macro
32、cosmic pattern of the whole is reproduced in the mi-crocosmic pattern of parts so that it is possible to draw inferences by analogy from one to the other.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：在中世纪，广泛采用类推法的各种论点，这些论点基于下述观念，即宇宙形成一个有次序的结构，整体的宏观格局是部分微观格局的再现，因此，有可能通过类推法做出由此及彼的推断。)解析：解析：句子的主干为 use was made of arguments fro
33、m analogy。on the belief 是介词短语，作状语。belief 后面有两个以 that引导的同位语从句：that the universestructure 和 that the microcosmicof parts。so that 引导的是一个状语从句，表结果。11.And numerous experiments have shown once the concept of self is changed, other things consistent with the new concept of self are accomplished easily and w
34、ithout strain.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：而且大量事实证明，自我感观一旦改变，其他一些与新的自我感观相一致的事情就可以轻而易举且毫不费力地完成。)解析：解析：主句为 experiments have shown；动词 shown后面是一个主从复合句。连词 once引导的是宾语从句中的状语从句。宾语从句的主句是 other thingsstrain。consistentof self 是形容词短语作定语，修饰 other things，它使宾语从句的主语和系动词分隔开。without strain 是介词短语作状语，意为“毫不费力地”，翻译时要根据汉语习惯将隔开的部分
35、还原出来。12.In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：一般说来，当要测定的特征能被十分精确地界定时，测试的效果就最佳；反之，如果所要测定和预测的东西得不到明确的界定，那么测试的效果就最差。)解析：解析：本句是
36、由 and连接的并列结构，每个并列结构中各有一个 when引导的时间状语从句。在第二个时间状语从句中有一个 what引导的主语从句。13.This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：这是历史上首次出现的一个给人以希望的世界。在这个世界上会诞生一个没有贫困、没有暴力的社会。)解析：解析：句中的定语从句
37、 out of which grows the hope是完全倒装句。主语 the hope of a society和定语 where there will befear较长，置于动词 grows之后。由于限制性定语从句 out of which grows thehopeof a society与主句关系紧密，所以采用融合法将 This is the worldof a society译成一个单句。where 引导的定语从句太长，可用后置法译成一个单句。14.Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical compositiona finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：为什么奶酪会比黄油更容易变质?一些研究者认为他们已经找到了答案
