1、在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷 13及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：4，分数：40.00)The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers
2、have appealed to people“s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers“ money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bre
3、ad was offered to dieters (节食者) with the message that there were fewer calories (热量单位， 卡路里) in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的) ， but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every
4、loaf. On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer“s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the
5、 purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important eno
6、ugh to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product Consumers still control the final buying decision.(282 words)（分数：10.00）(1).Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by_.（分数：2.00）A.stressing their high quali
7、tyB.convincing him of their low priceC.maintaining a balance between quality and priceD.appealing to his buying motives(2).The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that_.（分数：2.00）A.thin slices of bread could contain more caloriesB.the loaf was cut into regular slices.C.the bread was n
8、ot genuine breadD.the total number of calories in the: loaf remained the same(3).The passage tells us that_.（分数：2.00）A.sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needsB.advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don“t needC.the buying motives of consumers are con
9、trolled by advertisementsD.fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment(4).It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should_.（分数：2.00）A.think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisementsB.guard against the deceiving nature of advertisementsC.be familiar with vario
10、us advertising strategiesD.avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal(5).The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.how to make a wise buying decisionB.ways to protect the interests of the consumerC.the positive and negative aspects of advertisingD.the function of advertisements in promoti
11、ng salesSo long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about r
12、eading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible. “ Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it
13、possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world in printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning
14、is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learn
15、ing to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. “ When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is el
16、iminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading. (280 words)（分数：10.00）(1).The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that（分数：2.00）A.it is one of
17、the most difficult school coursesB.students spend endless hours in readingC.reading tasks are assigned with little guidanceD.too much time is spent in teaching about reading(2).The teaching of reading will be successful if_.（分数：2.00）A.teachers can improve conditions at school for the studentsB.teach
18、ers can enable students to develop their own way of readingC.teachers can devise the most efficient system for readingD.teachers can make their teaching activities observable(3).The word “scrutiny“ (Line 3, Para. 3) most probably means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.inquiryB.observationC.controlD.suspicion(4).Accor
19、ding to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when（分数：2.00）A.children become highly motivatedB.teacher and learner roles are interchangeableC.teaching helps children in the search for knowledgeD.reading enriches children“s experience(5).The main idea of the passage is that
20、_.（分数：2.00）A.teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to readB.teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC.reading ability is something acquired rather than taughtD.reading is more complicated than generally believedThe biggest safety threat facing air
21、lines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported that well over 100 incidents could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasing
22、ly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止) such devices from being used during “critical“ sta
23、ges of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landi
24、ng, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft“s computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for
25、 navigation and communicatioa But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio
26、 systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who can“t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music“s too loud. (275 words)（分数：10.00）(1).The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.a new regulation for all airlinesB.the defects of electronic de
27、vicesC.a possible cause of aircraft crashesD.effective safety measures for air flight(2).What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?（分数：2.00）A.They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.B.They may have taken place during take-off and landing.C.They were
28、 proved to have been caused by the passengers“ portable computers.D.They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.(3).Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because_.（分数：2.00）A.they don“t believe there is such a danger as radio i
29、nterferenceB.the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be provedC.most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette playersD.they have other effective safety measures to fall back on(4).Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromag
30、netic fields on an airplane“s computers?（分数：2.00）A.Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.B.Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.C.Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs.D.Because
31、 experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the author_.（分数：2.00）A.is in favor of prohibiting passengers“ use of electronic devices completelyB.has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interferenceC.hasn“t formed his own opinion on this pr
32、oblemD.regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flightPriscilla Ouchida“s “energy-efficient“ house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $ 100,000, three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air le
33、aks, the house was equipped with small double-paned (双层玻璃的) windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscilla“s eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had s
34、uddenly developed a strange illness. Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting. The Ouchidas ar
35、e victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation“s drive to save energy. The problem itself isn“t new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,“ says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geometry Technologi
36、es in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases. “ The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn“t worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leak
37、s, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom build up to dangerous levels. (262 words)（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas“ house_.（分数：2.00）A.is well worth the money s
38、pent on its constructionB.was designed and constructed in a scientific wayC.failed to meet energy conservation standardsD.is almost faultless from the point of energy conservation(2).What made the Ouchidas“ new house a horrible dream?（分数：2.00）A.Lack of fresh air.B.Poor quality of building materials.
39、C.Gas leakage in the kitchen.D.The newly painted walls.(3).The word “accentuate“ (Line 5, Para. 3) most probably means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.worsenB.accelerateC.relieveD.improve(4).Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern?（分数：2.00）A.Because indoor cleanliness was not emphasized.B.Because they were t
40、echnically unavoidable.C.Because environmental protection was given top priority.D.Because energy used to be inexpensive.(5).This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled “_“.（分数：2.00）A.Energy ConservationB.Air Pollution IndoorsC.Houses Building CrisisD.Traps in Building Construction在
41、职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷 13答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：4，分数：40.00)The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers ha
42、ve appealed to people“s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers“ money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread
43、 was offered to dieters (节食者) with the message that there were fewer calories (热量单位， 卡路里) in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的) ， but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every lo
44、af. On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer“s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the p
45、urchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enoug
46、h to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product Consumers still control the final buying decision.(282 words)（分数：10.00）(1).Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by_.（分数：2.00）A.stressing their high quality
47、B.convincing him of their low priceC.maintaining a balance between quality and priceD.appealing to his buying motives 解析：解析：本题属于事实细节题。由题干中的“buy worthless products”定位至短文第一段的实例，其中“some advertisers have appealed to people“s desire for”和本段主题句中的“the appeal of advettising to buying motives”即是本题答案依据。(2).Th
48、e reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that_.（分数：2.00）A.thin slices of bread could contain more caloriesB.the loaf was cut into regular slices.C.the bread was not genuine breadD.the total number of calories in the: loaf remained the same 解析：解析：本题属于事实细节题。本题问及第二段关于 bread的实例，由该段最后两句中两个“b
49、ut”后对实情的剖析可确定答案为 D。(3).The passage tells us that_.（分数：2.00）A.sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs B.advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don“t needC.the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisementsD.fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment解析：解析：本题属于细节判断题。本题选项涉及第三段要点(A、D)和最后一段要点(B、C)。由第三段第四句排除 D，由第四段第三句“but”后的内容排除 B，最后一句排除 C。选项 A概括了第三段的要点。(4).It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should_.（分数：2.00）A.think
