1、考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 13 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Almost every year since the end of the financial cr
2、isis has started with rosy expectations among American forecasters, and this one is no different. Stock markets are buoyant, consumer confidence is improving, and economic seers are raising their growth forecasts for 2014. America“s S before the mid-1970s it was closer to the Commonwealth than to co
3、ntinental Europe. That generation grew up doubtful about diversity. East European immigrants, who began arriving in large numbers in the mid-2000s, doubly offend them. Bobby Duffy of Ipsos MORI, who has conducted focus groups with members of this generation , reports that the prospect of retirement
4、makes people worry about their children“s chances. For Generation X, mass immigration, European integration and multiculturalism are part of the furniture. They grew up in a more individualistic Britain; which, says Mr Ford, explains their relative distaste for authority, homogeneity and flag-waving
5、. This, like university attendance(more common among this group than their parents), tends to make people more tolerant of different races and nationalities. Thus Generation X“s experiences are closer to those of Generation Y than to the baby boomersa fact reflected in Ipsos MORI“s findings.（分数：10.0
6、0）(1).We can infer from Paragraph 1 that_.（分数：2.00）A.the U. K. has strict travel restrictionsB.all Britons support travel restrictionsC.most people like travelling to BritainD.most developed countries dislike immigration(2).Which generation seems to dislike immigrants most?（分数：2.00）A.The younger gen
7、eration.B.Generation Y.C.Generation X.D.Baby boomers.(3).Robert Ford found that_.（分数：2.00）A.the views of the young and the old are converging in GermanyB.generation gap is larger in the UK, compared with many othersC.Britain seems to be unique because people have different viewsD.the gap between the
8、 old and the young in Germany is larger than in Britain(4).Which one is NOT true about baby boomers?（分数：2.00）A.They are dubious about diversity.B.They hate immigrants from Eastern Europe.C.They worry about their own prospect when they retire.D.They are concerned about their children“s opportunities.
9、(5).Generation X seems to be more tolerant of different races and nationalities because_.（分数：2.00）A.they grew up in an environment that focused more on individualsB.they barely receive higher education than their parentsC.they are more open-minded than their parentsD.they don“t care about flag and n
10、ationalityOf all the goods and services traded in the market economy, pharmaceuticals are perhaps the most contentious. Though produced by private companies, they constitute a public good, both because they can prevent epidemics and because healthy people function better as members of society than s
11、ick ones do. They carry a moral weight that most privately traded goods do not, for there is a widespread belief that people have a right to health care. Innovation accounts for most of the cost of production, so the price of drugs is much higher than their cost of manufacture, making them unafforda
12、ble to many poor people. Firms protect the intellectual property(IP)that drugs represent and sue those who try to manufacture and sell patented drugs cheaply. For all these reasons, pharmaceutical companies are widely regarded as vampires who exploit the sick and ignore the sufferings of the poor. T
13、hese criticisms reached a summit more than a decade ago at the peak of the HIV plague. When South Africa“s government sought to legalise the import of cheap generic copies of patented AIDS drugs, pharmaceutical companies took it to court. The case earned the nickname “ Big Pharma v Nelson Mandela“.
14、It was a low point for the industry, which wisely backed down. Now arguments over drugs pricing are rising again. Activists are suing to block the patenting in India of a new Hepatitis C drug that has just been approved by American regulators. Other clashes are breaking out, in countries from Brazil
15、 to Britain. But the main battlefield is the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP), a proposed trade deal between countries in Asia and the Americas. The parties have yet to reach an agreement, partly because of the drug-pricing question. Under the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, a d
16、eal signed in 1994, governments can allow a generic drugmaker to produce a patented medicine. Americahome of most of the world“s big pharma, whose consumers pay the world“s highest prices for drugs-wants to use the TPP to restrict such compulsory licences to infectious diseases, while emerging-marke
17、t countries want to make it harder for drug firms to win patents. The reoccurrence of conflict over drug pricing is the result not of a sudden emergency, but of broad, long-term changes. Rich countries want to slash health costs. In emerging markets, people are living longer and getting rich-country
18、 diseases. This is boosting demand for drugs for cancer, diabetes and other chronic diseases. In emerging markets, governments want to expand access to treatment , but drugs already account for a large share of health-care spending. Meanwhile, a wave of innovation is producing expensive new treatmen
19、ts.（分数：10.00）(1).Pharmaceuticals are important because_.（分数：2.00）A.they carry a moral weightB.they can prevent and cure diseasesC.they can reflect a country“s economyD.they will make society function better(2).The price of drugs is high mainly because_.（分数：2.00）A.the cost of manufacture is highB.cre
20、ation costs a lot in productionC.drug firms want to make more moneyD.pharmaceutical companies ignore the pain of the poor(3).The example of HIV plague is to_.（分数：2.00）A.illustrate how drug firms protect drug priceB.demonstrate AIDS is an extremely hazardous diseaseC.prove that government has nothing
21、 to do to cut down drug priceD.show how the nickname “ Big Pharma v Nelson Mandela“ was earned(4).The main idea of Paragraph 4 is_.（分数：2.00）A.battles in medical fieldB.cases of patented drugsC.conflicts among countriesD.brawl over medicine price(5).According to the last paragraph, which one is true
22、about emerging markets?（分数：2.00）A.Most people suffer from long-term diseases.B.People get diseases much easier than before.C.People“s lifespan has been gready prolonged.D.Imported drugs“ price has been greatly cut down.考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 13 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.
23、Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：Almost every year since the end of the financial crisis has started with rosy expectations among American forecasters, and this
24、 one is no different. Stock markets are buoyant, consumer confidence is improving, and economic seers are raising their growth forecasts for 2014. America“s S before the mid-1970s it was closer to the Commonwealth than to continental Europe. That generation grew up doubtful about diversity. East Eur
25、opean immigrants, who began arriving in large numbers in the mid-2000s, doubly offend them. Bobby Duffy of Ipsos MORI, who has conducted focus groups with members of this generation , reports that the prospect of retirement makes people worry about their children“s chances. For Generation X, mass im
26、migration, European integration and multiculturalism are part of the furniture. They grew up in a more individualistic Britain; which, says Mr Ford, explains their relative distaste for authority, homogeneity and flag-waving. This, like university attendance(more common among this group than their p
27、arents), tends to make people more tolerant of different races and nationalities. Thus Generation X“s experiences are closer to those of Generation Y than to the baby boomersa fact reflected in Ipsos MORI“s findings.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from Paragraph 1 that_.（分数：2.00）A.the U. K. has strict tr
28、avel restrictions B.all Britons support travel restrictionsC.most people like travelling to BritainD.most developed countries dislike immigration解析：解析：根据第一段第二句：Sure enough，when travel restrictions on Romanians and Bulgarians我们知道选项A的表述是正确的。选项B文章中未提及，只是在首句提到：Britonsdislike immigration(英国人不喜欢移民。)并没有提到英
29、国人是否支持旅游限制，故该项错误。选项C和D无中生有。故答案为选项A。(2).Which generation seems to dislike immigrants most?（分数：2.00）A.The younger generation.B.Generation Y.C.Generation X.D.Baby boomers. 解析：解析：根据 generation，immigrants 等关键词以及出题顺序可以定位到第二段。该段第二句提到：Although immigrants are often said to deprive younger Britons of entrylev
30、el jobs and housing，虽提及 younger Britons(即A项的 younger generation)，但并未提到他们对移民的看法，故选项A不是正确答案。而后半句说：members of Generation Y(born in 1980 or later)andGeneration X(born between 1966 and 1979)are ambivalent towards them通过这句话我们知道 Y一代和 X 一代对于移民的态度是“ambivalent 矛盾的”，也非题目问的 dislike most，故非答案。该段倒数第二句提到：By contra
31、st，the baby boomers(born between 1945 and 1965)and theold，who benefit most from cheap carers and cleaners，counterintuitively think immigrants a drag从中可以得知婴儿潮这代人认为移民是“drag 累赘”，故这个群体是所有人中最不喜欢移民的人，从而得出该题答案为选项D。(3).Robert Ford found that_.（分数：2.00）A.the views of the young and the old are converging in G
32、ermanyB.generation gap is larger in the UK, compared with many others C.Britain seems to be unique because people have different viewsD.the gap between the old and the young in Germany is larger than in Britain解析：解析：根据题干中的 Robert Ford 定位到第三段第二行的 According to Robert Ford 一处，故答案来自之后的一句话，即该段最后一句：the ga
33、p between the old and the young is larger inBritain than in America，France or Spain，too根据该句可以判断出选项B与之是同义替换关系，其余选项都非该题目所问答案。(4).Which one is NOT true about baby boomers?（分数：2.00）A.They are dubious about diversity.B.They hate immigrants from Eastern Europe.C.They worry about their own prospect when th
34、ey retire. D.They are concerned about their children“s opportunities.解析：解析：根据 baby boomers 和出题顺序定位到第四段，该段围绕婴儿潮这一代人进行讨论。选项A与该段第三句 That generation grew up doubtful about diversity 对应。其中 that generation 指代上文提到的 baby boomers，doubtful 对应该项的 dubious，故选项A表述正确，非答案。选项B对应该段“East European immigrants，who began
35、arriving in large numbers in the mid2000s，doubly offend them”这句话。其中 doubly offend them(加倍冒犯了他们)相当于该项的 hate，故该项表述正确，非答案。选项C和D对应该段最后一句 Ireports that the prospectof retirement makes people worry about their childrens chances可见 baby boomers 担心的是自己子孙的问题，而非自身问题，故D正确，C错误，即C项为该题的答案。(5).Generation X seems to
36、 be more tolerant of different races and nationalities because_.（分数：2.00）A.they grew up in an environment that focused more on individuals B.they barely receive higher education than their parentsC.they are more open-minded than their parentsD.they don“t care about flag and nationality解析：解析：根据题干中的 G
37、eneration X 定位到最后一段。根据题干中的其余关键词 differentraces and nationalities 我们可以定位到该段的倒数第二句：Thistends to make people more tolerant of different races and nationalities由此可以知道答案就是 This 所指代的内容，而该内容必然在This 之前。因此我们应该从前面寻找答案。This 前面是这句话：They grew up in a moreindividualistic Britain；which，says Mr Ford，explains their
38、relative distaste for authority，homogeneity and flagwaving其中能表示该题所问的原因的部分，是 they grew up in a more individualistic Britain 一句。而该句同义转换的表达，即选项A。Of all the goods and services traded in the market economy, pharmaceuticals are perhaps the most contentious. Though produced by private companies, they const
39、itute a public good, both because they can prevent epidemics and because healthy people function better as members of society than sick ones do. They carry a moral weight that most privately traded goods do not, for there is a widespread belief that people have a right to health care. Innovation acc
40、ounts for most of the cost of production, so the price of drugs is much higher than their cost of manufacture, making them unaffordable to many poor people. Firms protect the intellectual property(IP)that drugs represent and sue those who try to manufacture and sell patented drugs cheaply. For all t
41、hese reasons, pharmaceutical companies are widely regarded as vampires who exploit the sick and ignore the sufferings of the poor. These criticisms reached a summit more than a decade ago at the peak of the HIV plague. When South Africa“s government sought to legalise the import of cheap generic cop
42、ies of patented AIDS drugs, pharmaceutical companies took it to court. The case earned the nickname “ Big Pharma v Nelson Mandela“. It was a low point for the industry, which wisely backed down. Now arguments over drugs pricing are rising again. Activists are suing to block the patenting in India of
43、 a new Hepatitis C drug that has just been approved by American regulators. Other clashes are breaking out, in countries from Brazil to Britain. But the main battlefield is the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP), a proposed trade deal between countries in Asia and the Americas. The parties have yet to r
44、each an agreement, partly because of the drug-pricing question. Under the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, a deal signed in 1994, governments can allow a generic drugmaker to produce a patented medicine. Americahome of most of the world“s big pharma, whose consumers pay the wor
45、ld“s highest prices for drugs-wants to use the TPP to restrict such compulsory licences to infectious diseases, while emerging-market countries want to make it harder for drug firms to win patents. The reoccurrence of conflict over drug pricing is the result not of a sudden emergency, but of broad,
46、long-term changes. Rich countries want to slash health costs. In emerging markets, people are living longer and getting rich-country diseases. This is boosting demand for drugs for cancer, diabetes and other chronic diseases. In emerging markets, governments want to expand access to treatment , but
47、drugs already account for a large share of health-care spending. Meanwhile, a wave of innovation is producing expensive new treatments.（分数：10.00）(1).Pharmaceuticals are important because_.（分数：2.00）A.they carry a moral weightB.they can prevent and cure diseases C.they can reflect a country“s economyD
48、.they will make society function better解析：解析：根据 pharmaceuticals 一词定位到第一段。该段首句提到：pharmaceuticals are perhaps the most contentious(药品也许是最受争议的。)显然这与该题题干中 important 一词不符，而我们从后面会找到这么一句：they constitute a public good其中 they 指代上文中的 pharmaceuticals，“public good 公共利益”与题干中的“important 重要的”比较接近，故该题答案来自之后的一句 because they can prevent epidemics，其中 they 指代 pharmaceuticals，epidemics=diseases，故我们确定B项为答案。选项A虽然在原文中有提到，但答非所问。选项C在该
