1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 496 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a h
2、uge orange tractor down one of Romes main avenues. Italys political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome. Sh
3、outing slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.“ So far, action to improve womens opportunities in employment has been the province of colle
4、ctive industrial bargaining. “But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,“ says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for works. Women, who constitute 52 percent of Italys population, today represent only 35 percent
5、 of Italys total workforce and 33 percent of the total number of Italian with jobs. However, their presence in the workplace is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official statistics als
6、o show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turning to business because of growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and oth
7、er financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or woman. Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers , engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of the changes ar
8、e immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers and street cleaners. However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.（分
9、数：10.00）(1).What does the author mean by “ snake through central Rome “?（分数：2.00）A.A snake was winding its way through central Rome.B.The strikers were walking in a long winding line through central Rome.C.Tourists drove a huge orange tractor through central Rome.D.The tractor was followed by about
10、200,000 women.(2).What can we learn from Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.There were enough job opportunities for women.B.The women demonstrated violently for their purpose.C.A variety of jobs were one of the purposes for the womens demonstration.D.The women lived in a society without violence.(3).Which of th
11、e following is true according to the first sentence of Paragraph 3 ?（分数：2.00）A.There are more men than women in Italy.B.Men represent only 35 percent of Italys total workforce.C.Two-thirds of the jobs are held by men in Italy.D.Women in Italy do not want to work.(4).What can we learn about the emplo
12、yment situation for women now according to Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.Most of the women are employed in service.B.More and more women are making self-employment.C.Many prejudices for female employment have disappeared.D.Banks and other financial institutes have employed many women.(5).Which of the follo
13、wing is not true according to the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Some progress in female employment has been made.B.The present situation is far more satisfying.C.There are still not enough job opportunities for women.D.More progress of female employment is still demanded.A wise man once said that the on
14、ly thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It h
15、as happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization togeth
16、erhonesty, kindness, and so onaccountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no lawand, ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned , to impose it on themselves. But as eve
17、ry policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately there are still communitiessmaller towns, usuallywhere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this
18、 family certain things are not toleratedthey simply are not done!“ Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you annoy him
19、. The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized; by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read
20、, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home. I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a soci
21、ety of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author mean by “the only thing necessary.do nothing“?（分数：2.00）A.Good men should do something to stop the triumph of evil.B.Good men would do nothing by something evil.C.A wise man said something wrong
22、.D.It is necessary for the evil to be successful.(2).According to the policeman, internal constraint is _.（分数：2.00）A.more powerful to dominate peoples actionB.less effective than external controlsC.to help people who refuse, or have never learnedD.only including guilt, shame and embarrassment(3).Whi
23、ch of the following is not the reason for the criminal being considered victimized?（分数：2.00）A.He is illiterate because of the school.B.The church gives him no moral guidance.C.Their parents dont love them.D.He grows in an inferior upbringing environment.(4).What is the authors attitude toward the co
24、mments on robbers?（分数：2.00）A.Indifferent.B.Puzzled.C.Biased.D.Disapproval.(5).The best title for the text is _.（分数：2.00）A.ResponsibilityBe Vital Importance to Our SocietyB.A Tidal Wave of Crime Sweeping the CityC.No Respect, No Trust, No Law and Even No SocietyD.A Police Officers Daily WorkThe shari
25、ng economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 years ago. At first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say, Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages peop
26、le to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power sellers“ (many of whom started out as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise.
27、 Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example. Incumbents are getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two car-makers. In future, companies may develop hybrid models, listing excess capacity (whether vehicles, equipment o
28、r office space) on peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as Internet shopping forced Walmart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and m
29、ore. The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. Th
30、e danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, incumbents will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfa
31、sts are more than adequate. The sharing economy is the latest example of the Internets value to consumers. This emerging model is now big and disruptive enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential. It is time to start caring about sharing.（分数：1
32、0.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, which is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The first online purchase was made by Amazon.B.Some people buy cars in order to rent them out.C.When online shopping appeared, people were worried about its safety.D.Sharing economy may provide no opportunities for individuals.(2).Walma
33、rt and Tesco are mentioned to _.（分数：2.00）A.demonstrate the power of InternetB.show the potential of online sharingC.reveal the influence of online shoppingD.prove the dominance of certain companies(3).One potential problem with the sharing economy is _.（分数：2.00）A.difficulty in supervisionB.disruptio
34、n of the economyC.instability of the marketD.uncertainty of firms(4).We learn from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.sharing economy will not go longB.sharing economy reveals consumers valueC.regulators and companies should realize sharing economyD.sharing economy will replace traditional ways in
35、 the near future(5).The best title for the text may be _.（分数：2.00）A.Sharing Economy and Online ShoppingB.The Immense Potential of Sharing EconomyC.The Emergency of Sharing Economy and Its ConcernsD.Sharing Economy Will Reshape Traditional Industries Soon“If Congress wont act soon to protect future g
36、enerations, I will,“ Barack Obama said last month in his state-of-the-union speech. “I will direct my cabinet to come up with executive actions we can take, now and in the future, to reduce pollution, prepare our communities for the consequences of climate change, and speed the transition to more su
37、stainable sources of energy.“ This week Mr. Obama named the officials charged with fulfilling that directive: Gina McCarthy, his choice to head the Environmental Protection Agency, and Ernest Moniz, the prospective new secretary of energy. Their selection suggests that Mr. Obama is indeed serious ab
38、out tackling climate change, but not doctrinaire in his approach. Ms Mc Carthy already works at the EPA, where she is in charge of air quality. That has given her a leading role drafting the administrations most ambitious and controversial environmental rules, including limits on emissions of greenh
39、ouse gases for new power plants and strict fuel-efficiency requirements for cars. She is the natural candidate to oversee the most obvious and consequential step Mr. Obama could take to stem global warming: a regulation curbing emissions from existing power plants. Republicans do not fancy that idea
40、 at all, and have introduced bills in Congress to strip the EPA of its regulatory authority over greenhouse gases. They often accused Lisa Jackson, the agencys previous boss, of disregarding the cumulative impact of its many clean-air rules, and suffocating industry as a result. Yet Ms McCarthy make
41、s an unlikely target. She has worked for Republican governors in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Industry groups mustered kind words about her nomination. As Mr. Obama put it,“ Shes earned a reputation as a straight-shooter.“（分数：10.00）(1).Barack Obama will take steps to do all EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.red
42、ucing pollution now and in the futureB.finding more sustainable sources of energyC.preparing for the consequences of climate changeD.investing more funds in public health care system(2).According to the first paragraph, we can conclude that _.（分数：2.00）A.Obama will treat environmental protection seri
43、ouslyB.Obama will limit the use of cars to reduce air pollutionC.America will soon find sustainable sources for their descendantsD.America faces a more serious environmental problem compared with other nations(3).The roles Ms McCarthy is playing include all EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.placing limits on gree
44、nhouse gas emissionsB.introducing bills about environment to CongressC.drafting the administrations environmental rulesD.supervising Mr. Presidents steps on global warming(4).Whats the Republicans attitude towards Obamas step taken to stop global warming?（分数：2.00）A.Approval.B.Skepticism.C.Disapproval.D.Indifference.(5).What can we learn about Ms McCarthy from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Her goal cannot be achieved.B.She was once a shooter in army.C.She used to work against Republicans.D.She won the support of the President.
