1、考研英语模拟试卷 302（无答案）一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care【1】th
2、eir aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who【2】with their parents【3】65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to take care of their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live【4】. What explains these differences in living arrangements 【5】cultures? Moderni
3、zation theory【6】the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people【7】in【8】rural areas. Yet mo
4、dernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized,【9】a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain【10】living arrangements. Anothe
5、r theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance【11】.【12】 this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then【13】their property when they die. The stem family system was once com
6、mon in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws,【14】broader social changes brought【15】 by industrialization and urbanization, have【16】the【17】.In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did-a figure that is still high【18】U.S. standards, but which has
7、 been【19】steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are【20】: the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live
8、with their children when they grow old. （A）about（B） after（C） for（D）over（A）reside（B） recite（C） redeem（D）rebel（A）amasses（B） amounts（C） attains（D）reaches（A）lone（B） alone（C） lonesome（D）lonely（A）over（B） across（C） within（D）above（A）associated（B） linked（C） united（D）combined（A）aside（B） after（C） over（D）behind
9、（A）isolated（B） segregated（C） idealized（D）secluded（A）maintain（B） promote（C） reserve（D）support（A）appointed（B） assigned（C） preserved（D）preferred（A）controls（B） overtakes（C） predominates（D）overwhelms（A）at（B） under（C） by（D）over（A）delivers（B） conveys（C） conceives（D）inherits（A）as well as（B） might as well（C）
10、 as well（D）well as（A）off（B） up（C） around（D）about（A）undermined（B） decreased（C） diminished（D）defeated（A）authority（B） usage（C） habit（D）tradition（A）by（B） on（C） with（D）in（A）inclining（B） reclining（C） declining（D）reducing（A）receding（B） removing（C） invading（D）erodingPart ADirections: Read the following four
11、 texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The increasingly high rates of juvenile delinquency are a great problem in modem society. More and more people are paying special attention to it. When it comes to the reasons, here are two of them. Modem youth are
12、more revolutionary and more independent than the elder generation. When this tendency goes to an extreme, problems arise. Some of the young want to throw away all the traditional principles and beliefs, most of which are very good for self-cultivation. They are reluctant to listen to the advice from
13、 elder generation. If they behave in the way, as they like, they might commit crimes without realizing it. Studies also show that juvenile-delinquency rates are twice as high for youngsters from single-parent homes as for those in traditional households. Children in single-parent families are taken
14、less care of and thus have feelings of being neglected, discriminated and isolated. The lack of parental love makes them hostile and cynical towards the society. There are several ways to prevent the youth from committing crimes. School education plays an important role to teach traditional beliefs.
15、 Books and programs should be in good quality. There should be more educational books and programs for young children to tell them how to distinguish the right from the wrong. Also, mutual understanding between parents and children is also very important. Parental supervision and guidance are a key
16、factor of self-cultivation in lifetime. The two generations need to smooth away disagreement. Parents can spend much time staying with their children and patiently carry out the duty of family education. And others are starting to pay attention to another problem in modern society that may underline
17、 all sorts of crimes, including juvenile delinquency, though it is believed that the development of information technology has made the world smaller. Modern people have greater tensions so that they have less time to communicate with each other. More and more people are living in urban areas, where
18、 life is in a quick rhythm. Due to fierce competition, which is the most important reason of all, city dwellers have to be working hard in order to keep up with the steps of city life. Everybody is busy all the time. Work pressures deprive them of a casual way of life. Moreover, living in apartments
19、 in different blocks, people are isolated from each other. It is not convenient for them to meet each other freely. 21 The expression “ juvenile delinquency “ (Line 1, Para. 1)most probably means_.（A）young couple who get divorced（B） crimes committed by young people（C） people getting married at a you
20、ng age（D）lack of education opportunities for young people22 What are the reasons for juvenile delinquency presented in paragraph 2 ？（A）The negative influence of mass media and single parent family.（B） Young peoples tendency to be rebellious and high divorce rates.（C） The influence of mass media and
21、young peoples tendency to be rebellious.（D）High divorce rate and single-parent family.23 Which one of the following is NOT a correct statement about the modern youth?（A）They want to get rid of the traditional principles.（B） They dont want to listen to their elder generation.（C） They often commit cri
22、mes without realizing it.（D）They want to depend on themselves more than their parents.24 The most important part for young peoples self-discipline and self-improvement is_.（A）mutual understanding between parents and children（B） overseeing and direction from parents（C） parents and children spending a
23、s much time as possible together（D）more educational books and TV programs25 What is the “ another problem “ mentioned in paragraph 4?（A）A lot of problems have been caused by information technology.（B） Modern people are feeling isolated from each other.（C） Competition is much more severe than ever be
24、fore.（D）Modern society hosts all sorts of crimes.25 The current malaise within Zimbabwes tourism industry could benefit its long-term development by forcing it to examine its attitude towards fragile wilderness areas, argues Sally Wynn. My first experience of the Zambezi Rivers unique wilderness qua
25、lity was a childhood walk upstream from Victoria Falls. Then, the revering bush really was wild and made a very strong first impression. Years later, a canoe trip from Manna Pools to Lake Cahora Bassa made me a wilderness convert for life and I feel truly lucky that my work sometimes takes me into r
26、emote parts of this magnificent river valley. I am not alone. The Zambezi Societys membership consists almost entirely of people who value the wild nature of the Zambezi River so much that they want to do something to conserve it. And the trend is worldwide. Type “ wilderness “ into an Internet sear
27、ch engine；the scores of societies and foundations devoted to wilderness appreciation, preservation and research show how popular this concept has become, as do the wilderness “ discovery “ experiences available to adventurous travelers. But still some people ask “ how relevant is wihlerness conserva
28、tion in 21 st century Africa? “ Many argue that developing nations have more important concerns than setting aside wild places for the enjoyment of tourists and wilderness enthusiasts. But if the results of a recent Zambezi Society survey are anything to go by, wilderness conservation is very releva
29、nt indeed. The argument that wilderness is an unaffordable luxury shows a singular lack of understanding not only of the vital link between tourism and development, but of the true value of Africas wild areas to the continents people. At the height of its boom in the 1980s and early 90s, Zimbabwes t
30、ourism industry was so busy counting the dollars that it paid scant heed either to the impact its success was having on major assets like the Zambezi River, or to whether its customers were satisfied with the experience they were getting for their money. The Zambezi Society and other conservation lo
31、bby groups were lone voices in the wilderness crying out for environmental sanity at places like Victoria Falls which, by 1995, was receiving bad press even in Time magazine. By October 2000, the Society had defined “ Zambezi wilderness “ as visitors see it and identified the factors which detract f
32、rom this wilderness. 98% of respondents felt it important that wild places exist, and it was evident that visitors to Victoria Falls were less satisfied with the quality of their wilderness experience than, for example, visitors to Mana Pools, due to overdevelopment, commercialisation and overcrowdi
33、ng. It seemed that hotels and tour operators were contributing to the erosion of wilderness values in sensitive areas by promoting high-impact activities, so we defined wilderness-sensitive and appropriate tourism facilities.26 What does the author think about the current situation of Zimbabwes tour
34、ism industry?（A）He is quite worried about its future.（B） He is concerned about his own experience there.（C） He believes it is a good thing in the long run.（D）He is not sure about whether it will step out of the current troubles.27 What is the major argument of those who think wilderness conservation
35、 is irrelevant for Africa?（A）The wilderness should be reserved for African people themselves.（B） There is no link between tourism and economic development.（C） They have some more urgent needs than wilderness reservation.（D）They do not want to reserve the wilderness just for the enjoyment of tourists
36、.28 Why is it that Zimbabwes tourism industry does not care too much about touristsexperiences there?（A）They do not have enough expertise to carry out the investigation needed.（B） They are busy making money from the tourism industry.（C） They dont think environmental sanity is a serious issue there.（
37、D）They never have access to western media like TIME magazine.29 The example of “ visitors to Victoria Falls “ is presented to show_.（A）lack of tourism facilities（B） problem of overdevelopment（C） quality of commercial atmosphere（D）absence of local inhabitants30 Which one of the following is the best
38、title for this passage?（A）The Negative Effect of Wilderness Tourism（B） Harnessing the Value of Wilderness Tourism（C） Wilderness Tourism is going Through a Tough Time（D）My Own Experience with Wilderness Tourism30 Arsenic, a naturally occurring poison and carcinogen found in ground water, is strongly
39、linked to adult-onset diabetes, U. S. researchers said on Tuesday. Odorless, tasteless, colorless and easily soluble in water or wine, arsenic has long been a feared poison. A heavy dose is detectable in a corpse, but researchers say small amounts of arsenic may sicken people gradually. Dr. Ana Nava
40、s-Aeien and colleagues at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore found a “ relatively strong “ association between commonly found levels of arsenic in urine and type 2 diabetes in a study of American adults. “ It seems there is maybe no safe level of arsenic. “ Navas-Acien said in a telephone intervi
41、ew. “ Worldwide its a huge problem, “ she said. “ As water becomes a scarce resource. the situation becomes even more serious. “ Arsenic raises the risk for cancers of the bladder, lung, kidney, skin and, possibly, the pros tate, Navas-Acien said. The 20 percent of nearly 800 study participants who
42、had the most arsenic in their bodies, a tolerable 16. 5 micrograms per liter of urine, had 3. 6 times the risk of developing late-onset diabetes than those in the bottom 20 percent, who had 3 micrograms per liter. Levels of arsenic were 26 percent higher in people with late-onset, or type 2, diabete
43、s than those without the disease, the study found. The U. S. government sets a limit for drinking water at 10 micrograms of arsenic per liter, which is exceeded in the water consumed by 13 million Americans who mostly live in rural areas that rely on wells to bring up ground water, the researchers w
44、rote in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Arsenic contaminates drinking water for millions of people in Bangladesh, parts of Central Europe, Chile, Argentina and the western United States, where ground water is the source of drinking water and the land has higher concentrations of ars
45、enic. Overall, 7. 8 percent of Americans are believed to have diabetes, although some do not know it. At least 90 percent of cases are the type 2 variety, in which the body loses its ability to use insulin properly. Navas-Acien said arsenic may play a significant role in diabetes incidence, but it i
46、s difficult to say how much. Arsenic can accumulate in the body, and can ruin the bodys ability to use insulin and perform the vital task of converting blood sugar into energy. Normally, insulin fits into cells via molecular doorways called receptors, which in turn signal the cell to move glucose in
47、side, but arsenic enters the cell and somehow blocks the activity. Seafood is another source of arsenic, but the organic form found in shellfish and some fish has a carbon molecule attached and poses no risk to health, she said.31 According to the passage, arsenic contains_.（A）smell（B） taste（C） pois
48、on（D）color32 The situation of arsenic in water causing diabetes is worsened by_.（A）the scarcity of water resources（B） the limited access to medicines（C） the level of arsenic in water（D）type 2 diabetes worldwide33 What can we infer from paragraph 3?（A）Low level of arsenic seems to do no harm to human
49、 health.（B） Different people have tolerance for different arsenic levels.（C） There is a positive correlation between the risk for diabetes and the arsenic levels.（D）Arsenic levels will be higher after people suffered from diabetes.34 From the passage, we know that arsenic is a bigger threat for people who_.（A）use ground water as the source of drinking water（B） drink contaminated water a lot（C） are from European countries（D）live in urban areas35 It can be inferred from the passage that the function of insulin is to_.（A）digest seafood（B
