1、武汉大学考博英语-11 及答案解析(总分：79.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：39.00)“There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when they“re 18, and the truth is far from that,“ says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are l
2、iving with their parents. “There is a major shift in the middle class,“ declared sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months. Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condit
3、ion that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so
4、excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs. Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, “It“s ridiculous for the ki
5、ds to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.“ But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Mic
6、helle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times and left three times. “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,“ she explains. “He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends“ houses.“ Just how long should adult children live with th
7、eir parents before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.“ And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves
8、stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the author, there was once a trend in the U.S_（分数：2.00）A.for young adults to leave their parents and live independentlyB.for middle class young adults to stay with their parentsC.for m
9、arried young adults to move back home after a lengthy absenceD.for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents(2).Which of the following does not account for young adults returning to the nest?（分数：2.00）A.Young adults find housing costs too highB.Young adults are psychological
10、ly and intellectually immatureC.Young adults seek parental comfort and moral supportD.Quite a number of young adults attend local schools(3).One of the disadvantages for young adults returning to stay with their parents is that _（分数：2.00）A.there will inevitably be inconveniences in everyday lifeB.mo
11、st parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family goingC.the young adults tend to be overprotected by their parentsD.public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents(4).According to the passage, what is the best for both parents and children?（分数：2.00）A.They should adjust themselv
12、es to sharing the family expensesB.Children should leave their parents when they are grown upC.Adult children should visit their parents from time to timeD.Parents should support their adult children when they are in troubleSelf-esteem is what people think about themselves- whether or not they feel
13、valued and when family members have self-respect, pride, and belief in themselves, this high self-esteem makes it possible to cope with the everyday problems of growing up. Successful parent begins by communicating to children that they are loved for no other reasons than just because they exist. Th
14、rough touch and tone of voice parents tell their infants whether or not they are valued, special, and loved, and it is these messages that form the basis of the child“s self-esteem. When children grow up with love and are made to feel lovable despite their mistakes and failures, they are able to int
15、eract with others in a responsible, honest, and loving way. A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties arise, making it easier to see a problem as temporary, manageable, and something from which the individual can emerge. If, however, children grow up without love and without f
16、eelings of self-worth, they feel unlovable and worthless and expect to be cheated, taken advantage of, and looked down upon by others. Ultimately their actions invite this treatment, and their self-defeating behavior turns expectations into reality. They do not have the personal resources to handle
17、everyday problems in a healthy way, and life maybe viewed as just one crisis after another. Without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems rather than talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent towards themselves and others. These individuals grow up to live iso
18、lated, lonely live, lacking the ability to give the love that they have never received. Self-esteem is a kind of energy, and when it is high, people feel like they can handle anything. It is what one feels when special things are happening or everything is going great. A word of praise, a smile, a g
19、ood grade on a report card, or doing something that creates pride within oneself can create the energy. When feelings about the self have been threatened and self-esteem is low, everything becomes more of an effort. It is difficult to hear, see, or think clearly, and others seem rude, inconsiderate,
20、 and rough. The problem is not with others, it is with the self, but often it is not until energies are back to normal that the real problem is recognized. Children need help understanding that their self-esteem and the self-esteem of those they interact with have a direct effect on each other. For
21、example, a little girl comes home from school and says, “I need loving because my feelings got hurt today.“ The mother responds to child“s need to be held and loved. If instead the mother said she was too busy to hold the little girl, the outcome would have been different. The infant“s self-esteem i
22、s totally dependent on family members, and it is not until about the time the child enters school that outside forces contribute to feelings about the self. A child must also learn that a major resource for a healthy self-esteem comes from within. Some parents raise their children to depend on exter
23、nal rather than internal reinforcement through practices such as paying for good grades on report cards or exchanging special privileges for good behavior. The child learns to rely on others to maintain a high self-esteem and is not prepared to live in a world in which desirable behavior does not au
24、tomatically produce a tangible reward such as a smile, money, or special privileges. Maintaining a healthy self-esteem is a challenge that continues throughout life. One family found that they could help each other identify positive attitudes. One evening during an electric storm the family gathered
25、 around the kitchen table, and each person wrote down two things that they liked about each family member. These pieces of paper were folded and given to the appropriate person, who one by one opened their special messages. The father later commented, “It was quite an experience, opening each little
26、 piece of paper and reading the message. I still have those gifts, and when I“ve had a really bad day, I read through them and ! always come away feeling better.“ The foundation of a healthy family depends on the ability of the parents to communicate message of love, trust, and self-worth to each ch
27、ild. This is the basis on which self-esteem is built, and as the child grows, self-esteem is reflected in the way he or she interacts with others.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, a person with a self-esteem_（分数：2.00）A.often withdraws from the societyB.always remains indifferent towards himself
28、 and other peopleC.has pride and belief in himselfD.tends to take advantage of others(2).Which is one of the effective means that parents should employ for fostering a child“s self-esteem?（分数：2.00）A.Paying for good grades on report cardsB.Buying the child a present for his good behaviorC.Praising an
29、d smiling to the child no matter what is happening to himD.Loving the child in spite of his mistakes and failures(3).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Good parents tell their children that they are loved for no other reasons than just because they are there as their childrenB.If a
30、 child is not loved or felt valued, he may not deal with daily problems in a good way in the futureC.External rather than internal reinforcement plays a more important role in forming a child“s self-esteemD.One“s self-esteem has nothing to do with the self-esteem of other people he has to interact w
31、ith(4).The author“s main point in writing this article is_（分数：2.00）A.to teach how to love the childrenB.to emphasize the family“s role in the development of a child“s self-esteemC.to illustrate the profits of self-esteemD.to help family members to understand each otherFriction between America“s mili
32、tary and its civilian overseers is nothing new. America“s 220-year experiment in civilian control of the military is a recipe for friction. The nation“s history has seen a series of shifts in decision-making power among the White House, the civilian secretaries and the uniformed elite (精英). However,
33、 what may seem on the outside an unstable and special system of power sharing has, without a doubt, been a key to two centuries of military success. In the infighting dates to the revolution, George Washington waged a continual struggle not just for money, but to control the actual battle plan. The
34、framers of the Constitution sought to clarify things by making the president the “commander in chief“. Not since Washington wore his uniform and led the troops across the Alleghenies to quell(镇压) the Whiskey Rebellion has a sitting president taken command in the riel it not only insists on differenc
35、e and connives at superiority, it is also by its very nature destructive - emotionally damaging and socially harmful. In is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that does not belittle women, and it begins very early. At an age when I wanted to meet girls - let“s say the treacherous years of
36、 thirteen to sixteen - I was told to take up a sport, get more fresh air, and I was urged not to read so much, If you asked too many questions about sex you were sent to camp - a boy“s camp, of course: the nightmare. Nothing is more unnatural or prison-like than a boy“s camp. 2. It ought to be clear
37、 by now that I have something of an obiection to the way we turn boys into men. It does not surprise me that when the President of the United States has his customary weekend off he dresses like a cowboy-it is both a measure of his insecurity and his willingness to please. In many ways, American cul
38、ture does little more for a man than prepare him for modeling clothes in the L.L. Bean catalogue. There was a fear that writing was not a manly profession - indeed, not a profession at all. The paradox in American letters is that it has always been easier for a woman to write and for a man to be pub
39、lished. 3. Writing is only manly when it produces wealth - money is masculinity. So is drinking, particularly the ability to drink another man under the table. A man in America has to kill lions, hunt ducks, and carry_ enough knives and uns on his shoulders, to prove that he is just as much monster
40、as the next man. Everything in stereotyped manliness goes against the life of the mind. 4. There would be no point in saying any of this if it were not generally accepted that to be a man is somehow - even now in feminist-influenced America - a privilege. It is on the contrary an unmerciful and puni
41、shing burden. Being a man is bad enough; being manly is appalling. It is the sinister silliness of man“s fashions, and a clubby attitude in the arts. It is the subversion of good students. It is the so-called “Dress Code“ of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Boston, and it is the institutionalized cheating
42、in college sports. In is the most primitive insecurity.（分数：20.00）_三、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Directions : More and more Chinese scholars now believe that their academic studies should be oriented toward the needs of the society and the government instead of personal interests. What do you think
43、 of this belief? You are required to make comments on this belief in about 200 words. Don“t forget to give a title to your comments. Please write your short essay on the ANSWER SHEET. （分数：20.00）_武汉大学考博英语-11 答案解析(总分：79.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：39.00)“There is a senseless notion tha
44、t children grow up and leave home when they“re 18, and the truth is far from that,“ says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. “There is a major shift in the middle class,“ declared sociologist Allan Schnaib
45、erg of Northwestern University whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months. Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and
46、a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find th
47、eir wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs. Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, “It“s ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.“ But sharing the family home r
48、equires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times and left three times. “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,“ she explains. “He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or me
