1、美国护士资格认证(CGFNS)-19 及答案解析(总分：29.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part One(总题数：29，分数：29.00)1.John often finds herself daydreaming about boys and wondering what her life will be like when she gets married. According to Piaget, John is likely in which stage?ASensorimotor stage BPreoperational stageCConcrete operational
2、stage DFormal operational stage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Susan changed her major three times in college, and now that she has graduated, she still cannot decide what type of job she wants. Erik Eriekson would describe Susan as going through a period ofAShame and doubt BIdentity confusionCDespair DGenerativ
3、ity and stagnation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.An infant left to cry in her crib for long periods of time might, according to Erickson, developsAAutonomy BGuilt CTrust DMistrust（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The decision to get married might indicate that Johnny is in which of Freuds psychosexual stages?ALatency BOral CG
4、enital DPhallic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Fred, an elderly man who now lives in a nursing home, was just treated to a visit with his newborn great-granddaughter. After the family leaves, having encountered this generation of his offspring gets Fred pondering whether or not he has led a productive life. He w
5、onders if his work and presence in the world before retirement have left it a better place, especially for his own family, or if he has merely been wasting time in his life, filling it up. At this point, which stage of Ericksons Psychosocial Stages of Development best describes Freds situation?AIndu
6、stry vs inferiority BIntimacy vs isolationCIntegrity vs despair DAutonomy vs shame and doubt（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.If a developmental psychologist believes that 6-year-olds solve logical problems more efficiently and accurately than 3-year-olds because their memory holds more information and works more
7、rapidly, this belief is consist with which of the following theories?AInformation processing BEricksonCKohlberg DPiaget（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.According to Kohlberg, postconventional morality involvesAUnquestioning obedience to authority figures BAffirmation of self-defined ethical principlesCStrong conc
8、ern for social approval DBehavior based on self-interest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Mr. Lambers refuses to pay income taxes because his conscience will not allow him to support a government that spends billions of dollars on military weapons. Mr. Lamberss reasoning best illustrates Kohlbergs _ stage.AEgocent
9、ric BPreconventional CPostconventional DConventional（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.A person who does not cheat on her income tax because she might get caught and sent to jail is demonstrating Kohlbergs _ stage of morality.APostconventional BPreconventional CFormal operational DConventional（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Mr
10、s. Pearson cut judys hot dog into eight pieces and Sylvias into six pieces. Sylvia cried because she felt she wasnt getting as much hot dog as Judy. Piaget would say that Sylvia doesnt understand the principle ofAConservation BAccommodation CEgocentrism DObject permanence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.When Tom
11、mys mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly in Piagets stage:ASensorimotor BPreoperational CFormal operational DConcrete operational（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Cindy obeys her father because she knows that she
12、 will be punished for disobeying. Kohlberg would describe Cindys moral behavior asAImmoral BConventional CPreconventional DPostconventional（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.When the nurse is communicating with a client with substance-induced persisting dementia, the client cannot remember facts and fills in the f
13、acts with imaginary information. The nurse is aware that this is typical ofAConcretism BConfabulation CFlight of ideas DAssociative looseness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.When taking a health history from a client with moderate dementia, the nurse would expect to note the presence ofAHypervigilance BIncreased
14、 inhibitionCEnhanced intelligence DAccentuated premorbid traits（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.An elderly client is admitted to the hospital with the diagnoses of dementia of the Alzheimers type and depression. The client has all of the following symptoms. The symptom that is unrelated to the depression would b
15、eAShallow or labile affect BNeglect of personal hygieneC“I dont know“ answers to questions DApathetic response to the environment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.When planning activities for an elderly nursing home resident with a diagnosis of vascular dementia, the nurse shouldAPlan varied activities that will
16、keep the resident occupiedBProvide familiar activities that the resident can successfully completeCOffer challenging activities to maintain the residents contact wit realityDMake sure that the resident actively participates in the units daily activities（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.An elderly clients family t
17、ells the nurse that the client has suffered some memory loss in the last few years. They say that the client is sensitive about not being able to remember and tries to cover up this loss to avoid embarrassment. When attempting to increase the clients self-esteem, the nurse should try to avoid discus
18、sing events that require memory of the clientsAMarried BWork years CRecent days DYoung adulthood（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.During the first month in a nursing home, an elderly client demonstrates numerous behaviors related to disorientation and cognitive impairment. The nurses plan for care should continue
19、 to take into consideration theAAssessment of the clients orientation to time, place, and personBRealistic ability of the client to perform without becoming frustratedCIdentification of stressors that appear to precipitate the clients disruptive behaviorDFact that the clients cognitive impairment wi
20、ll increase until adjustment to the home is accomplished（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.An elderly female client, who is quite confused and often does not recognize her children, is admitted to a nursing home. The client appears slovenly in attire, often soiling her clothing with feces and urine. The nurse can
21、best manage this problem byAPutting the client into orientation therapyBToileting the client at least once every 2 hoursCSupervising the clients bathroom activities closelyDExplaining to the client how offensive her behavior is to others（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The defense mechanism commonly used by clie
22、nts who are drug addiction isADenial BProjection CDisplacement DCompensation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.Within a few hours of alcohol withdrawal，the nurse should assess a client for the presence ofAYawning, anxiety, convulsionsBTremors, fever, profuse diaphoresisCDisorientation, paranoia, tachycardiaDAnxiet
23、y, nervousness, irritability, GI upset（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.With a tentative diagnosis of heroin addiction, the nurse should assess this recently hospitalized client for signs of opiate withdrawal. These signs would includeALacrimation, vomiting, drowsinessBNausea, dilated pupils, constipationCRhinorr
24、hea, convulsions, subnormal temperatureDMuscle aches, diarrhoea, yawning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.After a binge with cocaine, a young male is found unconscious and is admitted to the hospital with acute cocaine toxicity. Initial nursing action should be directed towardASetting limit for the patientBGiving
25、 support and understanding for the patientCEstablishing a therapeutic relationshipDProviding the necessary physical care（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.After a visit from several friends the nurse finds a client with a known history of opiate addiction in a deep sleep and unresponsive to attempts at arousal. Th
26、e nurse assesses the clients vital signs and would evaluate that an overdose of opiates had occurred if the findings showed aABlood pressure of 125/80mmHg, a pulse of 80, and respirations of 22BBlood pressure of 140/90mmHg, a pulse of 76, and respirations of 28CBlood pressure of 180/100mmHg, a pulse
27、 of 72, and respirations of 18DBlood pressure of 70/40mmHg, a pulse of 120, and respirations of 10（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.The nurse, when planning care or a client recovering from an opiate overdose, should take into consideration that the clients underlying problem is probably a feeling ofAGuilt with a
28、 rejection of realityBHostility with a need for acceptanceCInferiority with strong dependency needsDAnger caused by an overwhelming need for independence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.Addict drug are most commonly abused because the individualADesires to become independentBWants to fit in with the peer groupCA
29、ttempts to blur reality and reduce stressDEnjoys the social interrelationships that occur（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.The most common side effects of regular Methadone use includeANausea, fatigue, and extreme hungerBSeizures, hoarseness, and electrolyte imbalanceCLightheadedness, euphoria, hypotension, and u
30、rinary retentionDWeakness, hypertension, and sedation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Which one is not the effect of Methadone maintenance?AKeep the patient from going into withdrawalBKeep the patient comfortable and free from craving street opioidsCRestrain the effects of street opioidsDHelp the patient cease t
31、he opioids drug immediately（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.A client with a known history of opiate addiction is treated for multiple stab wounds to the abdomen. After surgical repair the nurse notes that the clients pain is not relieved by the prescribed IM meperidine hvdrochloride(Demerol)injections. The nurse
32、 recognizes that the failure to achieve pain relief from the Demeroi injections indicates that the client is probably experiencing the phenomenon ofATolerance BHabituationCPhysical addiction DPsychological addiction（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.美国护士资格认证(CGFNS)-19 答案解析(总分：29.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part One(总题数：29，分数：29.
33、00)1.John often finds herself daydreaming about boys and wondering what her life will be like when she gets married. According to Piaget, John is likely in which stage?ASensorimotor stage BPreoperational stageCConcrete operational stage DFormal operational stage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：2.Susan changed h
34、er major three times in college, and now that she has graduated, she still cannot decide what type of job she wants. Erik Eriekson would describe Susan as going through a period ofAShame and doubt BIdentity confusionCDespair DGenerativity and stagnation（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：3.An infant left to cry in
35、 her crib for long periods of time might, according to Erickson, developsAAutonomy BGuilt CTrust DMistrust（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：4.The decision to get married might indicate that Johnny is in which of Freuds psychosexual stages?ALatency BOral CGenital DPhallic（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：5.Fred, an elderly ma
36、n who now lives in a nursing home, was just treated to a visit with his newborn great-granddaughter. After the family leaves, having encountered this generation of his offspring gets Fred pondering whether or not he has led a productive life. He wonders if his work and presence in the world before r
37、etirement have left it a better place, especially for his own family, or if he has merely been wasting time in his life, filling it up. At this point, which stage of Ericksons Psychosocial Stages of Development best describes Freds situation?AIndustry vs inferiority BIntimacy vs isolationCIntegrity
38、vs despair DAutonomy vs shame and doubt（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：6.If a developmental psychologist believes that 6-year-olds solve logical problems more efficiently and accurately than 3-year-olds because their memory holds more information and works more rapidly, this belief is consist with which of the
39、 following theories?AInformation processing BEricksonCKohlberg DPiaget（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：7.According to Kohlberg, postconventional morality involvesAUnquestioning obedience to authority figures BAffirmation of self-defined ethical principlesCStrong concern for social approval DBehavior based on se
40、lf-interest（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：8.Mr. Lambers refuses to pay income taxes because his conscience will not allow him to support a government that spends billions of dollars on military weapons. Mr. Lamberss reasoning best illustrates Kohlbergs _ stage.AEgocentric BPreconventional CPostconventional DC
41、onventional（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：9.A person who does not cheat on her income tax because she might get caught and sent to jail is demonstrating Kohlbergs _ stage of morality.APostconventional BPreconventional CFormal operational DConventional（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：10.Mrs. Pearson cut judys hot dog into
42、 eight pieces and Sylvias into six pieces. Sylvia cried because she felt she wasnt getting as much hot dog as Judy. Piaget would say that Sylvia doesnt understand the principle ofAConservation BAccommodation CEgocentrism DObject permanence（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：11.When Tommys mother hides his favorite
43、 toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly in Piagets stage:ASensorimotor BPreoperational CFormal operational DConcrete operational（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：12.Cindy obeys her father because she knows that she will be punished for dis
44、obeying. Kohlberg would describe Cindys moral behavior asAImmoral BConventional CPreconventional DPostconventional（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：13.When the nurse is communicating with a client with substance-induced persisting dementia, the client cannot remember facts and fills in the facts with imaginary i
45、nformation. The nurse is aware that this is typical ofAConcretism BConfabulation CFlight of ideas DAssociative looseness（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：14.When taking a health history from a client with moderate dementia, the nurse would expect to note the presence ofAHypervigilance BIncreased inhibitionCEnhan
46、ced intelligence DAccentuated premorbid traits（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：15.An elderly client is admitted to the hospital with the diagnoses of dementia of the Alzheimers type and depression. The client has all of the following symptoms. The symptom that is unrelated to the depression would beAShallow or
47、labile affect BNeglect of personal hygieneC“I dont know“ answers to questions DApathetic response to the environment（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：16.When planning activities for an elderly nursing home resident with a diagnosis of vascular dementia, the nurse shouldAPlan varied activities that will keep the
48、resident occupiedBProvide familiar activities that the resident can successfully completeCOffer challenging activities to maintain the residents contact wit realityDMake sure that the resident actively participates in the units daily activities（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：17.An elderly clients family tells
49、the nurse that the client has suffered some memory loss in the last few years. They say that the client is sensitive about not being able to remember and tries to cover up this loss to avoid embarrassment. When attempting to increase the clients self-esteem, the nurse should try to avoid discussing events that require memory of the c
