1、2008年全国大学生英语竞赛样题(B 级)及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Part I Listening Com(总题数：10，分数：10.00)A.Mild.B.Draughty.C.Hot.A.The woman inquiring the man is probably a judge.B.The man was stopped by the police because he was driving too fast.C.The man hit one of the kids on the corner of the first turning.A.Tir
2、ed.B.Lonely.C.Sad.A.Take the dictionary out the library.B.Buy a new dictionary for herself.C.Borrow the dictionary for herself.A.All of them landed safely.B.Some were wounded, but there were no deaths.C.Some were kidnapped.A.He doesnt know if there is a photocopy machine there.B.The woman can make c
3、opies at the post office.C.The photocopy machine isnt in the office any more.A.Invite everyone.B.Have two parties.C.Take a few classes.A.Three quarters of an hour.B.Half an hour.C.A quarter of an hour.A.Hes got a stomachache.B.Hes got a headache.C.He is alcoholic.A.Suspicious.B.Relaxed.C.Upset.二、Sec
4、tion B (5 marks)(总题数：5，分数：5.00)11. What are the speakers mainly discussing? （分数：1.00）A.A lecture.B.An examination.C.A course.12.Why is the man watching television? （分数：1.00）A.Because he wanted to take a break.B.Because he didnt want to study.C.Because he had a headache.13. Why is the man surprised t
5、hat the woman wants to study linear algebra with him? （分数：1.00）A.Because he didnt do well on the last test.B.Because he isnt going to take the exam.C.Because she is better than him at the course.14.Why doesnt the man want to call Elizabeth? （分数：1.00）A.Because he doesnt know her.B.Because he doesnt l
6、ike her.C.Because it is too late to call her.15.What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? （分数：1.00）A.Brother and sister.B.Classmates.C.Teacher and student.三、Section C (5 marks)(总题数：5，分数：5.00)16.How many people were killed in the bomb attack in London? （分数：1.00）A.Dozens of people.B.
7、Hundreds of people.C.None.17.What is the top priority of NASAs mission? （分数：1.00）A.A tear in one of the stations solar wings.B.A spacewalk on Thursday.C.Get new equipment.18.How many billionaires are there in China according to Forbes? （分数：1.00）A.54.B.66.C.More than 100.19.What is one of the highlig
8、hts for many visitors in the Clinton Presidential Library and Museum? （分数：1.00）A.A full-scale replica of the Oval Office.B.Two million photographs.C.76 million pages of documents.20.What is the news item mainly about? （分数：1.00）A.The World Banks Economic Indicators report will be issued.B.Economic gr
9、owth rates in Africa.C.The stagnation and decline of African economy from 1975 to 1995.四、Section D (10 marks)(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Oxford became a town before (21) 1. Oxford University began to establish itself in the middle of the (22) 2 century and by 1300 there were 1,500 students. At this time Oxford
10、was a (23) 3 town, but by the middle of the 14th century it was poorer because of (24) 4 in trade and the terrible plague. Relations between the students and the townspeople were very (25) 5 and there was often (26) 6 in the streets. On 10th February 1355, a (27) 7 began, which lasted two days. Sixt
11、y-two students were killed. One of the punishments was that the University was given (28) 8 of the town for nearly 600 years. There are some special Oxford words in the Oxford English Dictionary. For example, (29) 9 and (30) 10. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
12、:_填空项 1:_五、Part II Multiple Cho(总题数：10，分数：10.00)22. The government gave a very _ explanation of its plan for economic development. （分数：1.00）A.comprehensiveB.compoundC.considerableD.complacent23.An ambulance must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of _. （分数：1.00）A.urgencyB.dangerC
13、.emergencyD.crisis24. It is a common theme in many science fiction stories that the world may one day be _ by insects. （分数：1.00）A.broken inB.run overC.taken overD.filled in25. In the meantime, the question facing business is whether such research is _ the costs. （分数：1.00）A.worthB.worth ofC.worthyD.w
14、orthwhile26._ does he know that the police are about to arrest him. （分数：1.00）A.FewB.OnlyC.SeldomD.Little27.He asked his sister to look after his children _ his death. （分数：1.00）A.in the event ofB.in view ofC.on account ofD.on the edge of28. _ about the bookkeepers honesty, the company asked him to re
15、sign. （分数：1.00）A.There be some questionsB.There are some questionsC.There have been some questionsD.There being some questions29.But for his courage, the battle _. （分数：1.00）A.was lostB.will be lostC.would loseD.would have been lost30.When the young man walked into the office to see the headmaster, h
16、e had _. （分数：1.00）A.butterflies in his heartB.butterflies in his mindC.butterflies in his stomachD.butterflies in his spirit31. - Could you lend me some money, Jack? - Sorry, Mike. I myself cant earn enough to _. （分数：1.00）A.make the ends meetB.make ends meetC.keep the ends meetD.keep ends meet六、Sect
17、ion B (5 marks)(总题数：5，分数：5.00)32.Britain is a _ country. （分数：1.00）A.CatholicB.ChristianC.OrthodoxD.Mormon33. The Tories were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname today. （分数：1.00）A.the Labour PartyB.the Conservative PartyC.the Liberal PartyD.the Social Democratic Party34. _ is the mo
18、st popular sport in Britain in summer. （分数：1.00）A.FootballB.TennisC.BasketballD.Cricket35.The New Deal was started by _. （分数：1.00）A.John F. KennedyB.Franklin RooseveltC.George WashingtonD.Thomas Jefferson36._ is the only branch that that can make federal laws and levy federal taxes. （分数：1.00）A.The e
19、xecutiveB.The legislativeC.The judicialD.The president七、Part III Reading Com(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 46 - 50 are based on the following passage. The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffer
20、ing. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects - a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is forese
21、en - is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medic
22、al Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.” George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that,
23、 as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “Its like surgery,” he says. “We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they ris
24、ked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide.” On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged
25、the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report - Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffec
26、tual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing
27、code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their
28、 patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”. He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear. that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.” Questions: （分数：
29、5.00）(1). From the first three paragraphs, we learn that _. （分数：1.00）A.doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients painB.it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their livesC.the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicideD.patients have no constitution
30、al right to commit suicide(2).Which of the following statements is true according to the text? （分数：1.00）A.Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death.B.Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.C.The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medica
31、tion can be prescribed.D.A doctors medication is no longer justified by his intentions.(3).According to the NASs report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is _. （分数：1.00）A.prolonged medical proceduresB.inadequate treatment of painC.systematic drug abuseD.insufficient hospital care(4).Which of
32、the following best defines the word “aggressive” (line 3, paragraph 6)? （分数：1.00）A.Bold.B.Harmful.C.Careless.D.Desperate.(5).George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they _. （分数：1.00）A.manage their patients incompetentlyB.give patients more medicine than neededC.reduce dr
33、ug dosages for their patientsD.prolong the needless suffering of the patients八、Section B (15 marks)(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Highways Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, bricks, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were us
34、ually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate (容纳) automobiles. With the increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路) companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottis
35、h engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country w
36、ere nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S.Armys first transcontinental motor convoy (车队), he noted, “The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germanys Autobahn or motorway had made me
37、 see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.” It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort
38、. Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not
39、 follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally cont
40、rolled design criteria. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridges and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out
41、. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts, and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were anothe
42、r problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America. Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Lou
43、isiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nations physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction ar
44、ound the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns. Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S., and the U.S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barri
45、ers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads). By opening the North American continent, hig
46、hways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides i
47、ndividuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility. The interstate system has been an essential element of the nations economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nations freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rai
48、l or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural. By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway syste
