1、2008 年全国大学生英语竞赛样题(A 级)及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Part I Listening Com(总题数：10，分数：10.00)A.At a bank.B.At a department store.C.At a lawyers office.A.Jealous.B.Indifferent.C.Negative.A.A party invitation.B.A tour of the house.C.A dinner party.A.Policeman and driver.B.Teacher and pupil.C.Driver and ac
2、tress.A.To attend a party.B.To the beauty salon.C.To the school.A.1,090.B.530.C.1,060.A.Dec. 13th, 1906.B.Dec. 30th, 1906.C.Nov. 13th, 1916.A.Nothing.B.Dinner.C.A snack.A.In less than three days.B.In more than three days.C.In three days.A.To a friends house.B.To the kindergarten.C.Do some shopping.二
3、、Section B (5 marks)(总题数：5，分数：5.00)11.What does Susan have to do on Saturday morning? （分数：1.00）A.Walk the dog.B.Clean the house.C.Go to the doctors.12.What will Susan do at noon? （分数：1.00）A.Go shopping.B.Watch TV.C.Go to the dentists.13.What time is Susan meeting with Julie? （分数：1.00）A.12:30 am.B.2:
4、00 pm.C.4:30 pm.14.How does Susan feel about her schedule on Saturday? （分数：1.00）A.Exciting.B.Disappointing.C.Exhausting.15. Why cant they watch a video at Susans house? （分数：1.00）A.The machine doesnt work.B.They cant decide on a video.C.Susans mother is going to use it.三、Section C (5 marks)(总题数：5，分数：
5、5.00)16.Who got to move to the next step? （分数：1.00）A.Andre Agassi.B.Rogen Fidow.C.Roger Federer.17.What did the gunman force the charity to do? （分数：1.00）A.Delay the operation in this area.B.Operate on their own staff.C.Attack the Sans Frontieres.18.Why were the Iraqi detainees made to pick up garbag
6、e? （分数：1.00）A.Because the serviceman abused the detainees.B.Because the commander gave the order to the serviceman.C.Because the detainees were accused.19.Where did the clash happen? （分数：1.00）A.In the West Bank.B.Near Israeli.C.Near Ariel.20.Why do the Israeli forces threaten to carry out a massive
7、offensive against the Palestinians? （分数：1.00）A.Because Israeli troops were besieged by the Palestinians.B.Because the military operation began since last November.C.Because Palestinians killed Israelis in a suicide attack.四、Section D (10 marks)(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There are two types of people in the wor
8、ld. Although they have (21) 1 degrees of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy, and the other becomes (22) 2. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. People who are to be happy fix t
9、heir attention on the (23) 3 of things, the pleasant part of convention, the fine weather. They enjoy all the (24) 4 things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the (25) 5 things. Therefore, they are continually (26) 6. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend many
10、 people, and make themselves (27) 7 everywhere. If this turn of mind were found in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and to be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally (28) 8. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be stro
11、ng, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects (29) 9. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit. Although in fact it is chiefly (30) 10, it has serious consequences in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. （分数：
12、10.00）五、Part II Vocabulary a(总题数：15，分数：15.00)21.Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of _ reality. （分数：1.00）A.what it is conceivedB.that is conceivedC.what is conceived to beD.that is being conceived of22.New York City collects garbage _ $209 per family per year. （分数：1.00）A.
13、at the cost ofB.at sacrifice ofC.in demand ofD.in support of23.I would just as soon _ rudely to her. （分数：1.00）A.you not speakB.you wont speakC.you not speakingD.you didnt speak24. _ so many people been out of work as today. （分数：1.00）A.More than ever beforeB.Never before haveC.In the past, there neve
14、r haveD.Formerly, there never were25.We got home late last night, _, early this morning. （分数：1.00）A.namelyB.in other wordsC.or ratherD.in any case26.The miners escaped the danger by _. （分数：1.00）A.a hair breadthB.hair breadthC.hairs breadthD.a hairs breadth27. Praise is like warm sunshine. It not onl
15、y brings joy to _ who are praised but also adds pleasure to _ who praise. （分数：1.00）A.these; theseB.we; usC.them; themD.those; those28.When our imports _ our exports, we say we have a favorable trade balance; however, when our imports and exports are the other way round we say we have an unfavorable
16、trade balance. （分数：1.00）A.fall shortB.fall short ofC.run out ofD.are lack of29. _ that distinguish human beings from other primates are related to the ability of people to stand upright and walk on two legs. （分数：1.00）A.Many of the physical characteristicsB.Of the many physical characteristicsC.The p
17、hysical characteristicsD.There are many physical characteristics30. Classical logic is characterized by a concern for the structure and elements of argument _ that thought, language, and reality are interrelated. （分数：1.00）A.based on the beliefB.on the belief basedC.belief based on theD.the based bel
18、ief on31. _ fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle of capillary action. （分数：1.00）A.All lamps earlyB.Lamps all earlyC.All early lampsD.Early all lamps32.In 1964 _ of Henry Osaka Tanners paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution. （分数：1.00）A.was a
19、 major collectionB.that a major collectionC.a collection was majorD.a major collection33.Traditionally, _ on Thanksgiving Day in New England. （分数：1.00）A.when served is sweet ciderB.when sweet cider is servedC.is served sweet ciderD.sweet cider is served34. Richard: This class is so boring. When will
20、 it end? Drew: I dont know. I dont think I can take it much longer. Teacher: _ Richard: Oh, nothing. We were discussing the text. （分数：1.00）A.Hey you two! What are you talking about?B.Do one of you know what the answer to this problem is?C.Am I boring you two?D.The two of you go to the principals off
21、ice right now!35.Delivery man: I have a package here for Beverly Beaver. Beverly: That is me. _ Delivery man: Yes, please sign here on the line. Beverly: Thank you. These must be the new drapes I ordered. （分数：1.00）A.Where is the receipt?B.Do you have the senders address?C.Do you take a credit card?D
22、.Do I have to sign for it?六、Part III Reading Com(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 46-50 are based on the following passage. No matter what our work is, we all have to face that choice - in my field no less than in others. There may not be a more important field for the dissemination of values in our country
23、than the entire communications industry - most strikingly, television. Networks are very sensitive to that fact, and they employ dozens of censors to prevent all of us from using language on television that an eight year old might have to explain to his parents. But the point that censors miss, I th
24、ink, is that it is not so much what we say that teaches as what we dont say. Even programs that attempt to make a moral point dont always make the point that they intended to. Because when we sense we are being sole something, we automatically defend ourselves against it. I think it may be the unspo
25、ken assumptions that mold an audience. Look at the way, for instance, that violence is treated on television. It is not only the quantity that offends. There probably is no more violence on television than there is in a Shakespearean tragedy. But on television you find unfelt violence and in Shakesp
26、eare you tend to find felt violence. In Shakespeare the characters react with a human response: They fear, they hurt, they mourn. Most of the time on television, violence is dealt with by sweeping it under the rug as fast as possible and by having people go on about their business as if nothing had
27、happened. (If I cant have less violence, I want at least a better grade of violence.) One of the unspoken assumptions is that violence can be tolerated as long as you ignore it and have no reaction to it. But that seems to me to be dangerously close to psychopathic behavior. I wonder if there is any
28、 connection between the long acceptance by our people of the Vietnam War and the thousands and thousands of deaths that we have seen on television over the years that were never mourned, never even paused for except to sell shampoo for sixty seconds. Maybe our greatest problem is that we have two se
29、parate sets of value systems that we use - the one we talk about and the one we live by. We seem to place a very high value on fairness and on human concerns. And yet we still have widespread discrimination based on race, sex and religion. You still dont find Jews, blacks or other minorities in any
30、significant numbers in decision-making positions in the banking industry, for instance. You think thats an accident? I think somebody puts a value on that. And you dont find women in any significant numbers in decision-making capacities in any industry. Why? Because we place a higher value on appeas
31、ing the fragile male ego than we do on fairness and decency. Maybe what we need is a declaration of interdependence. Questions: （分数：5.00）(1).It can be concluded from the first paragraph that _. （分数：1.00）A.we wont buy things that are recommendedB.we become defensive whenever we are taught to do somet
32、hingC.television is the most important part of the communication industryD.TV programs can never successfully convey a moral point(2). What is the authors attitude toward violence on television? （分数：1.00）A.He thinks that violence on television should be totally banned.B.Violence on television is mor
33、e tolerable than the one in Shakespeares plays.C.Violence can be tolerated if you pretend that it doesnt exist.D.Violence, if unavoidable, should be presented on television in a more appropriate way.(3).The word “appeasing” (line 6 in paragraph 3) most probably means _. （分数：1.00）A.attackingB.accusin
34、gC.soothingD.satisfying(4). By citing the examples of the Jews, blacks, and other minorities in the last paragraph, the author aims to show that _. （分数：1.00）A.its an accident that they are out-numbered in the decision-making positions in the banking industryB.they stand for one set of value systemC.
35、what we talk about and what we actually do might be totally differentD.fairness is well respected in our life(5).The authors tone in writing the text is _. （分数：1.00）A.neutralB.matter-of-factC.criticalD.questioning七、Section B (15 marks)(总题数：1，分数：15.00)You hear the same complaint all the time as peopl
36、e get older: “My memory is terrible.” Is it all in the mind, or do real changes take place in the brain with age to justify such grumbling (抱怨)? The depressing answer is that the brains cells, the neurons, die and decline in efficiency with age. Professor Arthur Shimamura, of the University of Calif
37、ornia at Berkeley, says there are three main ways in which mental function changes. The first is mental speed, for example how quickly you can react to fast-moving incidents on the road. Drivers in their late teens react quickly but tend to drive too fast, while the over sixties are more cautious bu
38、t react more slowly. The near-inevitable slowing with age also partly explains why soccer players are seen as old in their thirties, while golf professionals are still in their prime at that age. This type of mental slowing results from a reduction in the efficiency with which the brains neurons wor
39、k. The fact that adults find it harder to learn musical instruments than children points to a second type of mental loss with age - a reduction in learning capacity. The parts of the brain known as the temporal lobes control new learning, and are particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging. This
40、 means that, as we get older, we take longer to learn a new language, and slower to master new routines and technologies at work, and we have to rely more on diaries and other mental aids. “Working memory” is the third brain system which is vulnerable to the effects of aging. Working memory is the b
41、rains “blackboard”, where we juggle from moment to moment the things we have to keep in mind when solving problems, planning tasks and generally organizing our day-to-day life. Absent-mindedness occurs at all ages because of imperfections in the working memory system - so, for instance, you may cont
42、inually lose your glasses, or find yourself walking into a room of your house only to find that you cannot remember what you came for. Such absent-mindedness tends to creep up on us as we age and occurs because our plans and intentions, which are chalked up on the mental blackboard, are easily wiped
43、 out by stray thoughts and other distractions. Stress and preoccupation can also cause such absent-mindedness, in addition to age-related changes in the brain. The frontal lobes of the brain - located behind the forehead and above the eyes - are where the working memory system is located. Like the t
44、emporal lobes, which handle new learning, the frontal lobes are more vulnerable to the aging process than other parts of the brain. The news, however, is not all bleak. Although neurons reduce in number with age, the remaining neurons send out new and longer connection fibers (dendrites) to maintain
45、 connections and allow us to function reasonably well with only relatively small drops in ability. This and other evidence suggests that the principle “use it or lost it” might apply to the aging brain. Professor Shimamura studied a group of university professors who were still intellectually active
46、, and compared their performance on neuropsychological tests with that of others of their age group, as well as with younger people. He found that on several tests of memory, the mentally active professors in their sixties and early seventies were superior to their contemporaries, and as good as the
47、 younger people. Research on animals provide even stronger evidence of the effects of stimulation on the brain structure. Professor Bryan Kolb, of the University of Lethbridge in Canada, has shown that animals kept in stimulating environments show sprouting (生长) and lengthening of the connecting ner
48、ve fibers in comparison with animals kept in unstimulating environments. The beneficial effects of continued mental activity are shown by the fact that older contestants in quiz shows are just as fast and accurate in responding to general knowledge questions as younger competitors, suggesting that a
49、t least part of their intellectual apparatus is spared the effects of aging because of practice and skill. Such findings lead to the intriguing possibility of “mental fitness training” to accompany jogging and workouts for the health conscious. Research in Stockholm by Professor Lars Backman and his colleague has shown that older people can be trained to use their memory better, with the effects of this
