1、2017 年 12 月大学英语六级真题（第二套）及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：130 分钟)Part I Writing (30 m(总题数：1，分数：106.50)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on thesaying “Seek to understand others, and you will be understood.“ You can cite examples toillustrate your views. You should
2、write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（分数：106.50）_Part II Listening Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Section A(总题数：2，分数：56.80)Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4）(1).（分数：7.1）A.Say a few words to thank the speaker.B.Introduce the speaker to the audience.C.Give a
3、lecture on the history of the town.D.Host a talk on how to give a good speech.(2).（分数：7.1）A.He was the founder of the local history society.B.He has worked with Miss Bligh for 20 years.C.He has published a book on public speaking.D.He joined the local history society when young.(3).（分数：7.1）A.She was
4、 obviously better at talking than writing.B.She had a good knowledge of the towns history.C.Her speech was so funny as to amuse the audience.D.Her ancestors came to the town in the 18th century.(4).（分数：7.1）A.He read exactly what was written in his notes.B.He kept forgetting what he was going to say.
5、C.He made an embarrassing remark.D.He was too nervous to speak up.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4）(1).（分数：7.1）A.What their retailers demand.B.What their rivals are doing.C.How they are going to beat their rivals.D.How dramatically the market is changing.(2
6、).（分数：7.1）A.They should be taken seriously.B.They are rapidly catching up.C.Their business strategy is quite effective.D.Their potential has been underestimated.(3).（分数：7.1）A.She had given it to Tom.B.It simply made her go frantic.C.She had not seen it yet.D.It was not much of a big concern.(4).（分数：
7、7.1）A.Restructuring the whole company.B.Employing more forwarding agents.C.Promoting cooperation with Jayal Motors.D.Exporting their motorbikes to IndonesiaSection B(总题数：2，分数：49.70)Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.3）(1).（分数：7.1）A.It makes claims in conflict with
8、the existing research.B.It focuses on the link between bedtime and nutrition.C.It cautions against the overuse of coffee and alcohol.D.It shows that “night owls“ work much less efficiently.(2).（分数：7.1）A.They pay greater attention to food choice.B.hey tend to achieve less than their peers.C.They run
9、a higher risk of gaining weight.D.They stand a greater chance to fall sick.(3).（分数：7.1）A.Get up late.B.Sleep 8 hours a day.C.Exercise more.D.Go to bed earlier.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.4）(1).（分数：7.1）A.All of the acting nominees are white.B.It has got too
10、much publicity on TV.C.It is prejudiced against foreign films.D.Only 7% of the nominees are female.(2).（分数：7.1）A.22 percent of movie directors were people of color.B.Half of the TV programs were ethnically balanced.C.Only one-fifth of TV shows had black characters.D.Only 3.4 percent of film director
11、s were women.(3).（分数：7.1）A.Non-white males.B.Program creators.C.Females of color over 40.D.Asian speaking characters.(4).（分数：7.1）A.They constitute 17% of Hollywood movie characters.B.They are most underrepresented across TV and film.C.They contribute little to the U. S. film industry.D.They account
12、for 8.5% of the U. S. population.Section C(总题数：3，分数：142.00)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：42.6）(1).（分数：14.2）A.One that can provide for emergency needs.B.One that can pay for their medical expenses.C.One that covers their debts and burial expenses.D.One that ens
13、ures a healthy life for their later years.(2).（分数：14.2）A.Purchase insurance for their children.B.Save sufficient money for a rainy day.C.Buy a home with a small down payment.D.Add more insurance on the breadwinner.(3).（分数：14.2）A.When their children grow up and leave home.B.When they have saved enoug
14、h for retirement.C.When their family move to a different place.D.When they have found better-paying jobs.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：56.8）(1).（分数：14.2）A.They do more harm than good.B.They have often been ignored.C.They do not help build friendship.D.They may
15、 not always be negative.(2).（分数：14.2）A.Biased sources of information.B.Ignorance of cultural differences.C.Misinter pretation of Shakespeare.D.Tendency to jump to conclusions.(3).（分数：14.2）A.They are hard to dismiss once attached to a certain group.B.They may have a negative impact on people they app
16、ly to.C.They persist even when circumstances have changed.D.They are often applied to minorities and ethnic people.(4).（分数：14.2）A.They impact people more or less in the same way.B.Some people are more sensitive to them than others.C.A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results.D.A negat
17、ive stereotype sticks while a positive one does not.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：42.6）(1).（分数：14.2）A.Use some over-the-counter medicine instead.B.Quit taking the medicine immediately.C.Take some drug to relieve the side effect.D.Ask your pharmacist to explain
18、 why it occurs.(2).（分数：14.2）A.It may help patients fall asleep.B.It may lead to mental problems.C.It may cause serious harm to ones liver.D.It may increase the effect of certain drugs.(3).（分数：14.2）A.Tell their children to treat medicines with respect.B.Keep medicines out of the reach of their childr
19、en.C.Make sure their children use quality medicines.D.Ask their children to use legitimate medicines.Part III Reading Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)The Pacific island nation of Palau has become home to the sixth largest marine sanctuary in theworld. The new marine reserve, now the large
20、st in the Pacific, will 26 no fishing or mining. Palau also established the worlds first shark sanctuary in 2009.The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres80 percentof its maritime 27 , for full protection. Thats the highest percentage of an 28 economic zone devoted to marinecons
21、ervation by any country in the world. The remaining 20 percent of the Palau seas will bereserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale 29 fishing businesses with limitedexports.“Island 30 have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing the ocean,“ said PresidentTommy Remengesau Jr.
22、in a statement. “Creating this sanctuary is a bold move that thepeople of Palau recognise as 31 to our survival. We want to lead the way in restoring the healthof the ocean for future generations.“Palau has only been an 32 nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmentalprotection.
23、It is home to one of the worlds finest marine ecosystems, with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.Senator Hokkons Baules, lead 33 of the Palau National Marine Sanctuary Act, said thesanctuary will “help build a 34 future for the Palauan people by honoring the conservationtradit
24、ionsof our past“. These include the centuries-old custom of “bul“, where leaders would calla temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish 35 an opportunity toreplenish (补充).A) allocate B) celebrities C) commercial D) communities E）essential F) exclusive G) independent H) indulge I
25、) permit J) secure K) solitary L) spectacle M) sponsor N) stocksO) territory（分数：35.50）26.（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.27.（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.28.（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.29.（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.30.（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.31.（
26、分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.32.（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.33.（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.34.（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.35.（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Data sharing: An open mind on open dateA It is a movement building st
27、eady momentum: a call to make research data, softwarecode and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. A spirit of openness isgaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to addressa crisis in science whereby too few findings are successfully repro
28、duced. Furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary tospeed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.B The open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. On the one hand, the drive to share is gathering of
29、ficial steam. Since 2013, global scientific bodies have begunto back politics that support increased public access to research. On the other hand, scientistsdisagree about how much and when they should share date, and they debate whether sharingit is more likely to accelerate science and make it mor
30、e robust, or to introduce vulnerabilitiesand problems. As more journals and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities andproblems. As more journal and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growingnumber of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their
31、placebetween adopters and those who continue to hold out, even asthey strive to launch their owncareers.C One key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientificallyvulnerable. They must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaborationproposal from th
32、ose who are wary ofor unfamiliar withopen science. And they must learnhow to capitalize on the movements benefits, such as opportunities for more citations and away to build a reputation without the need for conventionalmetrics, such as publication inhigh-impact journals.D Some fields have embraced
33、open data more than others. Researchers in psychology, a fieldrocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocalsupporters of the drive for more-open science. A few psychology journals have createdincentives to increase interest in reproducible sciencefor examp
34、le, by affixing an open-databadge to articles that clearly state where data are available. According to socialpsychologist Brian Nosek, executive director of the Center for Open Science, the averagedata-sharing rate for the journal Psychological Science, which uses the badges, increased tenfoldto 38
35、 from 2013 to 2015.E Funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy. Several strongly encourage, and some require, a date-management plan that makes data available. The US NationalScience Foundation is among these,some philanthropic (慈善的)funders, including theBillMelinda Gates Foundati
36、on in Seattle, Washington, and the Wellcome Trust in London, also mandate open data from their grant recipients.F But many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in open science,are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private. Graduate students and postdocs, whooften
37、are working on their lab heads grant, may have no choice if their supervisor or anothersenior colleague opposes sharing.G Some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages ofa career. “Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped (被抢先),“ says New
38、 YorkUniversity astronomer David Hogg. Those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation toshare data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.H Researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most tolose when sharing hard-won data. “With my institution
39、 and teaching load, I dont havepostdocs and grad students,“ says Terry McGlynn, a tropical biologist at California StateUniversity, Dominguez Hills. “The stakes are higher to share data because its a bigger fractionof whats happening in mylab.“I Researchers also point to the time sink that is involv
40、ed in preparing data for others toview. Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository (存储库 ),answering questionsand handling complaints can take many hours.J The time investment can present other problems. In some cases, says data scientist KarthikRam, it may be difficult for junior
41、researchers to embrace openness when senior colleaguesmany of whom head selection and promotion committeesmight ridicule what they may viewas misplaced energies. “Ive heard this recentlythat embracing the idea of open data andcode makes traditional academics uncomfortable,“ says Ram. “The concern se
42、ems to be thatopen advocates dont spend their time being as productive as possible.“K An open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. Kate Ratliff, whostudies social attitudes at the University of Florida, Gainesville, says that it can seem as if thereare twocamps in a fieldthose
43、who care about open science and those who dont. “Theres anew area to navigateAre you cool with the fact that Ill want to make the data open?whentalking with somebody about an interesting research idea,“ she says.L Despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. For exa
44、mple, when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier (DOI) is assigned. Scientists can use a DOI to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citationsone each for the data and software, inaddition t
45、o the paper itself. And although some say that citations for software or data havelittle currency in academia, they can have other benefits.M Many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp willprotect scientists from being scooped. “This is the sweet spot between sh
46、aring and gettingcredit for it, while discouraging plagiarism (剽窃),“ says Ivo Grigorov, a project coordinatorat the National Institute of Aquatic Resources Research Secretariat in Charlottenlund, Denmark. Hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. “The two cases Im familiar withdi
47、dnt involve open data or code,“ he says.N Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the playing field by gainingbetter access to crucial date. Ross Mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at theUniversity of Cambridge, UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly bec
48、ause his fossil-based research depends on access to others data. He says that more openness in science couldhelp to discourage what some perceive as a common practice of shutting out early-careerscientists requests for data.O Communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collabor
49、ation, he says. Concerns about open science should be discussed at the outset of a study. “Whenever you starta project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for whoowns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them,“ he says.P In the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early-careerresearcher to gain recognitiona crucial component of success. “The
