1、大学六级模拟 971及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on Mark Twain“s remark “I can live for two months on a good compliment.“ You can cite examples to illustrate your point of view. You should write a
2、t least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write you essay on Answer Sheet 1. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：2，分数：104.00)Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：52.00）A.He can“t find his office key.B.He has misplaced some exams.C.He
3、is unable to speak out.D.He doesn“t enjoy teaching.A.Mark the latest course assignment.B.Put a cancellation notice on the classroom door.C.Make an appointment with the doctor.D.Return some exam papers to his students.A.Teach Don“s class while he“s absent.B.Give Professor Wehster the key to Don“s off
4、ice.C.Leave the assignment on the board in Don“s classroom.D.Bring Don the homework that is due today.A.Copy all the assignment from the blackboard.B.Finish the assignment on a required page.C.Go to attend another class in the same building.D.Prepare for a group presentation in the next class.Questi
5、ons 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：52.00）A.From a special seminar.B.From a cultural documentary.C.From what she just read.D.From her Canadian friend.A.In New Mexico.B.In British Columbia.C.In Alberta.D.In Arizona.A.They prefer cool temperatures.B.They can survive extre
6、me conditions.C.They are vulnerable to radiation.D.They have a short lifespan.A.Copy the article about scorpions.B.Buy books about scorpions.C.Have lunch with them.D.Go to Canada with him.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：73.50)Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：42.00）A.Women wou
7、ld like to stay at home.B.People were more friendly.C.Students paid for their board.D.Immigration was encouraged.A.There are too many of them.B.They have a bad reputation.C.They don“t pay taxes.D.They are not cooperative.A.Paying the families who volunteer.B.Appealing to all sorts of families.C.Givi
8、ng compulsory orders to young couplesD.Arranging homemakers for those families.A.Trouble.B.Youthful feeling.C.Companionship.D.Pressure.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：31.50）A.A water current struck his ship violently.B.A wave carried his ship far away.C.Great noi
9、se came down from the sly.D.Rough storms suddenly occurred.A.Kidnap by aliens.B.Kidnap by ghosts.C.Attack from sea creatures.D.Transportation to other times and placesA.Fast currents sweep away the wreckage caused by terrible weather.B.The magnetic power draws them down to the ocean bottom.C.Some pl
10、anes or ships lose contact with their remote controllers.D.Icebergs destroyed the passing vehicles and enclosed them.五、Section C(总题数：3，分数：71.00)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.It is a typical 26-mile marathon.B.It is longer than a typical one.C.It is a
11、tough one on icy roads.D.It was Initiated by Scott Jurek.A.He won prizes in many racing competitions.B.He enjoyed outdoor activities in the snow.C.He grew up hunting and fishing.D.He used to like running in fields.A.It“s great but not healthy for body.B.It has helped him reach his extremity.C.It“s b
12、eyond most racers“ endurance.D.It“s an exploration of body and spirit.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.He caused a fire on a plane by smoking.B.His flight home was hijacked by terrorists.C.He experienced an accident at 3,000 ft. high.D.His fear of height
13、 happened at high altitude.A.He should no longer put off anything in life.B.He should celebrate his survival with his friends.C.He should eliminate negative energy from his life.D.He should keep a good relationship with his wife.A.He felt it was cooler than what“s in a movie.B.He felt very excited t
14、o think shout his kids.C.He was frightened very much.D.He had a sense of sadness.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.Entrance fees for public parks.B.Third parties“ use of public parks.C.Costs of maintaining public parks.D.Behaviors of dogs in public parts.
15、A.It is a real community hub.B.It is a rose garden for women.C.It“s God“s creation for believers.D.It“s a paradise for local children.A.They charge visitors entrance fees.B.They keep the park tidy and welcoming.C.They go on patrol in the park to avoid theft.D.They organize various activities for vis
16、itors.A.Lower the price of the parks admission ticket.B.Ban all commercial activities held in the park.C.Build a theatre in the park for local visitors.D.Charge money for third parties using parks.六、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Until recently, the medical community bel
17、ieved that most hearing loss was caused by hear cells in the ear degrading as we age. But evidence is emerging that sound levels at sporting events, concerts, nightclubs and on personal devices can cause lasting damage to the connections between hear cells in the ear and the nerves that 1 sounds to
18、the brain. Over 1.1 billion teenagers and young adults worldwide could be at risk of hearing loss as a result of 2 to unsafe levels of recreational noise, according to a recent World Health Organization report. To make matters worse, this kind of hearing loss doesn“t show up on 3 tests. Researchers
19、are calling it a hidden epidemic. “We think this problem is 4 prevalent. but it“s difficult to measure because the tools we have available today are not sensitive enough,“ says Konstantina Stankovic, an auditory neuroseientist and surgeon at Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, in
20、Boston. Stankovic is now working with colleagues at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne to develop imaging 5 that would allow us to see this kind of neural damage in living brains. This could help with early diagnosis. Others are developing drugs that could help 6 the connections b
21、etween the ear and the brain. To properly 7 our ears, loud noises should be banned in many public places just as smoking is now, says Stankovic. Some countries have laws in place to protect 8 in bars and clubs by monitoring noise levels. Last year, Minneapolis City Council made it 9 for bars and clu
22、bs to offer free ear buds to patrons. Stankovic thinks more will need to be done to change 10 accepted norms around recreational noise. “I think it will require a public health effort similar to the efforts for limiting smoking, because of the peer pressure associated with loud music and noisy envir
23、onments,“ she says.? A. compulsory B. condense C. exposure D. incredibly E. independently F. protection G. restore H. safeguard I. socially J. standard K. techniques L. transmit M. treat N. uneasy O. workers（分数：35.50）八、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Meaning Is Healthier Than HappinessA. For at least the l
24、ast decade, the happiness craze has been building. In the last three months alone, over 1,000 books on happiness were released on Amazon, including Happy Money Happy-People-Pills for All , and, For those just starting out, Happiness for Beginners . B. One of the consistent claims of books like these
25、 is that happiness is associated with all sorts of good life outcomes, includingmost promisinglygood health. Many studies have noted the connection between a happy mind and a healthy bodythe happier we are, the better health outcomes we seem tohave. In an overview of 150 studies on this topic, resea
26、rchers put it like this: “Inductions of well-beinglead to healthy functioning, and inductions of ill-being lead to compromised health.“ C. But a new study, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be as good for the b
27、ody as researchers thought. It might even be bad. D. Of course, it“s important to first define happiness. A few months ago, I wrote a piece called “There“ sMore to Life Than Being Happy“ about a psychology study that dug into what happiness really meansto people. It specifically explored the differe
28、nce between a meaningful life and a happy life. E. It seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period, found that happiness is associated with selfish “taking“ behavior and that having a sense of meaning in l
29、ife is associated with selfless “giving“ behavior. F. “Happiness without meaning characterizes a relatively shallow, self-absorbed or even selfish life, in which things go well, needs and desires are easily satisfied, and complicated relationships areavoided,“ the authors of the study wrote. “If any
30、thing, pure happiness is linked to not helping othersin need.“ While being happy is about feeling good, meaning is derived from contributing to others orto society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of the researchers, told me, “Partly what we do ashuman beings is to take care of others and con
31、tribute to others. This makes life meaningful but it doesnot necessarily make us happy.“ G. The new PNAS study also sheds light on the difference between meaning and happiness, but on thebiological level. Barbara Fredrickson, a psychological researcher at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
32、, and Steve Cole, a genetics and psychiatry (精神病学) researcher at UCLA, examined theself-reported levels of happiness and meaning in 80 research subjects. H. Happiness was defined, as in the earlier study, by feeling good. The researchers measured happiness by asking subjects questions like “How ofte
33、n did you feel happy?“, “How often did you feel interested inlife?“ and “How often did you feel satisfied?“ The more strongly people endorsed these measures of “ hedonic (享乐主义的) well-being,“ or pleasure, the higher they scored on happiness. I. Meaning was defined as an orientation to something bigge
34、r than the self. They measured meaning byasking questions like “How often did you feel that your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?“ and “How often did you feel that you had something to contribute to society?“ The more peopleendorsed these measures of “ eudaimonic (幸福论的) well-being“or,
35、 simply put, virtuethe moremeaning they felt in life. J. After noting the sense of meaning and happiness that each subject had, Fredrickson and Cole, withtheir research colleagues, looked at the ways certain genes expressed themselves in each of the participants. Like neuroscientists who use fMRI (功
36、能磁共振成像) scanning to determine how regionsin the brain respond to different stimuli, Cole and Fredrickson are interested in how the body, at the genetic level, responds to feelings of happiness and meaning. K. Cole“s past work has linked various kinds of chronic adversity to a particular gene express
37、ion pattern. When people feel lonely, are grieving the loss of a loved one, or are struggling to make ends meet, their bodies go into threat mode. This triggers the activation of a stress-related gene pattern that hastwo features: an increase in the activity of pro-inflammatory (促炎症的) genes and a de
38、crease in the activity of genes involved in anti-viral responses. L. Cole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little to no sense of meaning in theirlives have the same gene expression patterns as people who are responding to and enduring chronicadversity. That is, the bodies of
39、these happy people are preparing them for bacterial threats byactivating the pro-inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation is, of course, associated with majorillnesses like heart disease and various cancers. M. “Empty positive emotions“like the kind people experience during manic (狂喜的) episodes o
40、rartificially induced euphoria (欣快) from alcohol and drugs“are about as good for you as adversity,“ says Fredrickson. N. It“s important to understand that for many people, a sense of meaning and happiness in life overlap; many people score jointly high (or jointly low) on the happiness and meaning m
41、easures in the study. But for many others, there is a dissonance (不一致)they feel that they are low on happiness andhigh on meaning or that their lives are very high in happiness, but low in meaning. This last group, which has the gene expression pattern associated with adversity, formed 75 percent of
42、 studyparticipants. Only one quarter of the study participants had what the researchers call “eudaimonic. predominance“that is, their sense of meaning outpaced their feelings of happiness. O. This is too bad given the more beneficial gene expression pattern associated with meaningfulness. People who
43、se levels of happiness and meaning line up, and people who have a strong sense of meaningbut are not necessarily happy, showed a de-activation of the adversity stress response. Their bodies were not preparing them for the bacterial infections that we get when we are alone or in trouble, but for the
44、viral infections we get when surrounded by a lot of other people. P. Fredrickson“s past research, described in her two books, Positivity and Love 2.0, has mapped the benefits of positive emotions in individuals. She has found that positive emotions broaden a person“s perspective and help protect peo
45、ple against adversity. So it was surprising to her that hedonic well-being, which is associated with positive emotions and pleasure, did so badly in this study compared with eudaimonic well-being. Q. “It“s not the amount of hedonic happiness that“s a problem.“ Fredrickson tells me, “It“s that it“s n
46、ot matched by eudaimonic well-being. It“s great when both are in step. But if you have more hedonic well-being than would be expected, that“s when this gene pattern that“s similar to adversity emerged.“ R. The terms hedonism and eudaimonism bring to mind the great philosophical debate, which has sha
47、ped Western civilization for over 2,000 years, about the nature of the good life. Does happiness lie in feeling good, as hedonists think, or in doing and being good, as Aristotle and his intellectual descendants, the virtue ethicists (伦理学家), think? From the evidence of this study, it seems that feel
48、ing good is not enough. People need meaning to thrive. In the words of Carl Jung, “The least of things with a meaning is worth more in life than the greatest of things without it.“ Jung“s wisdom certainly seems to apply to our bodies, if not also to our hearts and our minds.（分数：71.00）(1).The author“
49、s recent article examined how a meaningful life is different from a happy life.（分数：7.10）(2).It should be noted that many people feel their life is both happy and meaningful.（分数：7.10）(3).According to one survey, there is a close relationship between hedonic well-being measures and high scores on happiness.（分数：7.10）(4).According to one of the authors of a new study, what makes life meaningful may not make people happy.（分数：7.10）(5).Experiments were carried out to determine our body“s genetic
