1、大学四级-1477 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.假设你是学校志愿者协会的负责人李明，准备组织一次带老年人之家的老年人到某公园赏花的活动，现向公园公写信，咨询一些事宜。咨询信内容如下：1自我介绍，并简要介绍你所负责的协会；2咨询一些事宜，如是否为老年人免票，有无为老年人提供的特别服务等；3表示感谢,希望能早日得到答复。A Letter of Enquiry（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The Risk of Tanning (日晒)This
2、 is just the time of year when the temptation to hit a tanning salon (沙龙) is highest, particularly for women, who make up an estimated 70 percent of tanning customers. With wedding season around the corner, and beach weekends not far off, a lot of women think they need some “healthy color“ to look t
3、heir best. But dermatologists (皮肤专家) say that there is no such thing as a healthy “real“ tan. “A tan is essentially an injury to the skin,“ says Dr. Henry Lim, chairman of the department of dermatology at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. “Tanning is just a reaction by the skin to try and protect
4、itself.“While most people know they have to have sunscreen whenever theyre in the sun for more than a few minutes, theres a lot of confusion about the relative merits and risks of tanning salons. Promoters say tanning machines are healthy because they emit mostly ultraviolet (紫外线) A (UVA) rays, whic
5、h cause most sunburns. But dermatologists say theres a growing stack of research that UVA rays are more damaging than originally thought. The UVA rays generated by tanning beds penetrate much deeper into the skin than the sun does, says Lim. For people concerned about their skins appearance, thats a
6、 big problem, since most prematurely wrinkled, spotted and leathery skin can be blamed on exposure to ultraviolet radiation.More troublesome is the increased risk of skin cancer associated with UV rays. Sunburns have long been associated with skin cancer, and Dr. Scott Fosko, chairman of dermatology
7、 at St. Louis University School of Medicine, says people can get burned in tanning salons as well as from the sun. “The tanning industry says tanning beds are a safe way to get a tan, but I see a lot of people who use tanning beds who get burned,“ he says. “They are not so simple.“ Those with the li
8、ghtest skin need to be the most careful.But even if you dont get burned, skin experts say UVA rays deep penetration into the skin causes genetic damage and increases the risk of malignant melanoma (恶性黑色素), the most serious type of skin cancer. Dermatologists are particularly distressed at the growin
9、g number of younger people developing melanoma and other skin cancers. A recent review of skin cancer studies, conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, concluded that people under 35 who use tanning beds increase their risk of developing melanoma by 75 percent. Meanwhile, the In
10、door Tanning Association countered this unfavorable news by launching a media blitz in March accusing dermatologists of ignoring the positive benefits of sun exposure, including the natural production of vitamin D. Their new website, also launched in March, goes as far as to say “there is no compell
11、ing evidence that UV exposure causes melanoma“.Many people start using tanning beds when theyre teenagers, researchers say. A 2003 study done at Case Western Reserve University found that nearly 40 percent of white American teens have used a tanning bed at least once, and 47 percent of 18-and-19-yea
12、r-olds say theyve used them repeatedly. “A lot of these places set up shop close to schools and place ads in the school newspapers,“ Fosko says. Thats one reason most states have instituted age restrictions and some now require parental permission or presence on site. This type of regulation has lim
13、ited effect, however. Not only is enforcement spotty, Fosko says research indicates that many kids get hooked on tanning because their parents are regular customers.More government restrictions may be coming soon. While tanning equipment is currently required to have warning labels, Congress last ye
14、ar passed the TAN Act, which directed the Food and Drug Administration to determine what changes, if any, need to be made to sunbeds warning labels to make them more noticeable, accurate and understandable to consumers. The report is due in this September.For those who want the look without the risk
15、, dermatologists recommend self-tanning products containing dihydroxyacetone (DHA) as a safer alternative to real tans. These products simply stain the top layer of skin; theres no real change at the cellular level. While the first generation of these products made the skin look more orange than tan
16、, the quality of the cosmetic effect has improved in recent years, and now the difference is harder to detect. “These products are not dangerous, but they do give you that tan glow,“ says Dr. Diane Berson, a dermatologist who practices in New York City. Some manufacturers combine a moisturizer (护肤露)
17、 with a self-tanner so you can accomplish two things at once. While the resulting “tan“ will eventually wash or flake off, you can maintain the look by reapplying the cream every couple of days, as directed on the container.Its important to understand, however, that these bottle tans are only cosmet
18、ic. That means you dont have the kind of “base tan“ that offers a little protection against sunburn. Those whose skin is naturally pale are as vulnerable to burns as they were before their skin turned artificially darker. Youll need to regularly apply sunscreen (15 SPF or higher) every couple of hou
19、rs, anytime you go out in the sun.What remains unclear, adds Lim, is whether spray-on tans (which are also offered by many tanning bed salons) are themselves completely safe. “We dont have data that says whether the sprays, if inhaled, would cause any harm,“ he said. “The presumption is that they ar
20、e safe, but we have no data at this point.“ Doctors also warn against so-called tanning pills, which are illegal for sale in the U.S. but can often be found on the Internet.Dermatologists are hoping that those who prefer a tan will at least try to achieve the look without doing long-term damage to t
21、heir skin. “If you look at the older movie stars,“ Berson says, “youll see that the ones who still look great are the ones who stayed out of the sun and didnt allow their skin to get tan, dry and wrinkled.“ So if you want to look like a movie star, why not try to look like one of the smart ones.（分数：
22、70.00）(1).Among those tanning customers, it is estimated that most of them are _.（分数：7.00）A.kidsB.the oldC.womenD.men(2).Why do those promoters think the tanning machines are healthy?（分数：7.00）A.Because they are scientifically designed.B.Because they have high quality control.C.Because they can emit
23、those harmful rays.D.Because they are comfortable.(3).What is the attitude of Fosko toward tanning salons?（分数：7.00）A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Interested.(4).According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, those people under 35 who tried tanning are much easier to get_（分数：7.00）A.
24、sunburningB.melanomaC.healthy stanningD.great look(5).What is the finding of the 2003 study conducted at Case Western Reserve University?（分数：7.00）A.About 40 percent of American teens have tried tanning at least once.B.About 47 percent of white American teens have tried tanning repeatedly.C.About 47
25、percent of American teens have tried tanning repeatedly.D.About 40 percent of white American teens have tried tanning at least once.(6).Fosko pointed out that many kids get addicted to tanning because they _（分数：7.00）A.enjoy tanning themselvesB.want to make them look healthyC.dont know the risk of ta
26、nningD.are affected a lot by their parents(7).What is the direct purpose of passing the TAN Act?（分数：7.00）A.To tell people the forbidden place where to get tanning.B.To increase customers attention to the risk of Tanning.C.To force manufacturers to make standard warning labels.D.To warn people of the
27、 increased danger of get tanning.(8).As a safer alternative to real tans, self-tanning products containing dihydroxyacetone (DHA) can only protect _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Lim, it hasnt been known whether the spray-on tans are _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Berson thought that those older movie st
28、ars still look great because they tried to keep away from _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.On Wednesday.B.On Friday.C.On Tuesday.D.On Thursday.A.It was fairly successful.B.
29、It was hard and useless.C.It failed for lack of money.D.It stopped for lack of land.A.She doesnt know when his classes begin.B.Shes surprised that he chose that company.C.She doubts he makes much money now.D.She wonders why hes not returned to school.A.Because the working hours were not suitable.B.B
30、ecause the job was not well-paid.C.Because he had to do a lot of traveling.D.Because the job was quite difficult.A.By going directly to the boss.B.By talking to his parents.C.By asking his mother to speak to his boss.D.By telling his boss mother about it.A.He believes the woman.B.He feels sorry for
31、her.C.He is not satisfied with her homework.D.He doesnt believe the woman.A.It was warm and dry.B.It was cold and wet.C.It was dry but cold.D.It was warm but wet.A.He successfully quits smoking.B.Her husband is very willing to listen to her opinion.C.She will go out if her husband smokes.D.Her husba
32、nd wont listen to her.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Stay at home.B.Hold parties.C.Do part-time jobs.D.Travel.A.Hired Eric to take care of the pets.B.Hired Margaret to look after the house.C.Asked Mr. Cohen to take care of the children.D.Hired Eric t
33、o water the plants.A.By interviewing the applicants.B.By examining the application letter.C.By taking suggestion from the student employment office.D.By listening to their friends recommendation.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The benefits of strong b
34、usiness competition.B.A proposal to reduce the cost of production.C.The expense of modernizing the factory.D.Suggestions about new business strategies.A.It costs too much.B.It needs repairing.C.It should be modernized.D.It still can be used.A.Because they are short of labor force.B.Because they need
35、 engineers to help modernize the factory.C.Because the staff need to be trained.D.Because some engineers are inefficient.A.It is less expensive.B.It attracts more investments.C.It makes advertising strategy more comprehensive.D.Their competitors have used it for a long time.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.0
36、0)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Coal, oil and iron.B.Materials and production.C.Oil, electricity and labor.D.Trained college graduates.A.Industry and education have a clear mutuality of interests.B.Businessmen and educators have a harmonious f
37、riendship.C.Industry and training are inseparable.D.Universities and corporation contributions are not important.A.Mutual distrust.B.Rapid expanding of economy.C.High taxes.D.Radicals.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Computers are fast.B.Computer
38、s do not often provide evidences or witnesses.C.Computers can replace paperwork.D.Computers are safe from human temptation.A.The police, found his name in the records of an illegal gambling operation.B.His customer reported to the police about the crime.C.He confessed his crime to the police.D.The b
39、ank noticed his crime and reported it to the police.A.Because most computer criminals are major employees.B.Because many employees use computers to steal money.C.Because they do not know how to deal with computer crime at all.D.Because there might be more computer crimes done by experts.Passage Thre
40、eQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It is the first completely automatic railway in the world.B.The workers on the underground platforms are replaced by machines.C.Its trains are computer-controlled.D.Its trains run at a high speed.A.A platform worker.B.The c
41、ommand spot.C.A computer.D.A machine.A.Drive the train after it is started automatically.B.Start the train and drive it when necessary.C.Take care of the passengers on the train.D.Send commanding signals to the command spot.A.It will stop automatically.B.It will move on at the same speed.C.It will g
42、radually slow down.D.It will keep a safe distance from the other trains.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)British people now have more free time and holidays than they did twenty years ago. The average number of working hour has fallen, and by the mid-1980s almost all fulltime (36) employees were entitled
43、to four weeks holiday or more, in (37) to public holiday including Christmas and (38) . The increasing number of unemployed, (39) the young, means that large sections of the population have found themselves with more (40) time. Typical popular pastimes in the UK include listening to pop music, going
44、 to bar, playing and watching sport, going on holidays, enjoying outdoor activities, and watching TV. The number of people playing sports has risen, partly due to the (41) of more sporting facilities such as (42) leisure centers. As. more people become (43) of the necessity for exercise, (44) . Amon
45、g the most popular sporting activities are walking, swimming, snooker and darts; fishing is the most popular country sport. Football, cricket, horse racing and motor sports are all popular spectator sports.(45) Multi-screen cinemas have become more common and the number of people going to the cinema
46、 increased in the mid-1980s, after having fallen by more than a half between 1981 and 1984. (46) : Britain has one of the highest rates of home video ownership in the world.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Sec
47、tion A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Overseas students can apply for admission to almost all the courses in British universities, provided that they have the necessary qualifications. A very few courses are (47) to people already working in a (48) or in other ways; where this is the case, it is (49) in the univers
48、ity handbook. In spite that there are some courses specially (50) for students from overseas, most overseas students attend. (51) the same comes as British students.Students who apply for admission to British universities are obliged to provide (52) that their education has qualified them to a course leading to a degree, and that they speak and understand English well. In addition to this “general“ requirement there are at most universities (53) “course“ requirements, which may vary from one fac
