1、大学四级-206 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.B On Exam Pressure/B 1. 不少学生对考试带来的压力感到反感 2. 有些学生则认为考试压力并非坏事 3. 我的观点（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B Depression: It Is Real, and It Is Treatable/BB Depression and the Americans/BPeople with symptoms of diabetes or othe
2、r physical problems see their doctors for treatment. Those with depression more often than not try to duke it out alone, according to southwest Minnesota mental health professionals, who say the anxiety is prevalent in the region. Depression affects more than 19 million Americans annually, according
3、 to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Yet only one in three people seeks medical treatment.B Defining Depression/BDepression is nondiscriminatory (一视同仁的), affecting all ages, sexes and races, local health professionals say. It is a disease - not a weakness - that consumes the brain of
4、the chemical serotonin (含于血液中的复合胺) , and it rarely goes away by itself.BDepression and Sex/BFemales suffer from depression and seek treatment twice as often as males, according to data from the NIMH. Hormones play a role, as do a combination of genetic, psychological and environmental factors. The i
5、nstitute also reports that although depression is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in both sexes, only men suffer a high death rate.B Commonality of Depression/BThe Surgeon General estimates that one in five people will experience a depressive episode during their lifetime
6、. “It is much more common than people realize,“ said Johnson, a licensed marriage and family therapist (治疗专家). “Sometimes people get so depressed that theyre unable to function at all, or they become depressed and self medicate with alcohol, and then another problem is created.“ Depression is one of
7、 the main reasons people come to the Southwest Mental Health Center. However, far greater numbers rely on family doctors to sort them out and probably just as many or more go untreated. “They dont want to cross over into the mental health field,“ Johnson said. “They worry about what others will thin
8、k, or about the cost. Its more difficult in rural areas because everybody knows you and there is a shame of asking for help.“B Long Treatment/BTreatment takes time. People who do seek help often expect a quick fix, but medication helps the body replace serotonin slowly. It is subtle improvement that
9、 you almost have to be watching for, or you have to look back to how your were a month ago, or six weeks ago. Improvement comes gradually, as does the disorder. How long it takes depends on how well people can change events in their lives, how they interpret things. It depends on what skills you dev
10、elop to manage the next stressors (紧张性剌激) that come your way. Many adults will take antidepressants for the rest of their lives and some wont. With kids, it can be more of a short-term treatment, but again it depends on the intensity and longevity of the disorder.B Medication as a Common Treatment/B
11、One of the most common treatments for depression is medication, but different drugs have different effects on different people. Each medication can cause various side effects including, but not limited to, dry mouth, nausea, anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, apathy, heart palpitation
12、s, and headaches. Some people may experience several side effects while others experience none. The more recently developed antidepressants typically produce fewer side effects. Usually, side effects dissipate in a few weeks after the body has become adjusted to the medication. Consumers are advised
13、 to start at the lowest dosage with small increments over a period of time until improvement is noticed. An antidepressants effect may take several weeks before a positive result is noticed.B Other Ways of Treatment/BPsychotherapy or counseling is another common treatment for depression. Oftentimes,
14、 medication and psychotherapy are used together for optimum results. Group therapy is another avenue of treatment for people with depression. There are also support groups available to help those with depression. Such groups allow members to openly share their feelings and receive acceptance from ot
15、her group members. There is no leader (professional of otherwise) to direct such groups and there is no maximum number of sessions that one can attend. Some people have also found reading various self-help books to be of benefit in overcoming their depression. And one cannot separate the mind from t
16、he body and treat them individually. Instead, a thorough treatment regimen should examine all aspects of a persons life. Sometimes lack of exercise is also associated with depression. So depression may be caused by one or combination of factors and can take many forms.B Depression and the Elderly/BA
17、ccording to Terry Pankow, a licensed independent clinical social worker in Montevideo, the elderly are among the hardest to diagnose because their symptoms often take the form of physical complaints for which no medical cause or ideology exists. The Centers for Disease Control reports that as many a
18、s three out of every 100 people over 65 suffer from clinical depression.B Depression and the Children/BChildren and adolescents also are special cases, and they can carry depression into adulthood before getting treatment. One of the things that make depression so hard to diagnose or sort out with c
19、hildren is that they dont have the verbal skills, knowledge and sophistication to talk about “I feel sad or this is making me miserable“. So many times what you see in children is rather than them describing their feelings, they act their feelings out in terms of behavior. And so, lots of kids who a
20、re labeled as naughty are really depressed.B NIMH Statistics about Adolescents/BThe NIMH estimates that up to 2.5 percent of children and up to 8.3 percent of adolescents in the U.S. suffer from depression. A study of 9 to 17 year-olds found that more than six percent experience some depression in a
21、ny six-month period and nearly five percent have major depression.B Types of Depression/BDepression falls into two categories, Back said. Endogenous (内因的) depression comes from a chemical imbalance, and exogenous depression arises from difficult situations and circumstances.Depression affects differ
22、ent age groups and people within each age group differently. Symptoms include:difficulty concentrating, remembering or making decisionsfeeling angry or moody, crying easily or worrying a lotalcohol or drug use to mask feelingsfatigue or loss of energyloss of interest in ordinary activitieseating and
23、 sleeping disordersfeeling sad, empty or numbfeeling hopeless, helpless, guilty or worthlessthoughts of suicide, suicide plans or attemptsfrequent doctor visits without relief in symptoms; all tests negativeChildren and adolescents might exhibit some of the same symptoms, as well as aggression, frus
24、tration, marked disobedience (不服从), extreme self-consciousness, fluctuating energy levels, a fascination for guns and knives, and a preoccupation with music, movies and literature with death themes. They also might complain about dizziness, headaches, stomachaches and body aches.（分数：70.00）(1).People
25、 with depression go to see their doctors more often than people suffering from physical problems.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).There are more women suffering from depression than men.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).In addition to the fear of being known by others, in rural areas fewer people go to see the doctor for depr
26、ession because they do not have as much money as the city people.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Antidepressants developed recently have fewer side effects than before.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).To achieve the best results of treatment, psychotherapy should be used with counseling.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Among the elderly
27、, children and adolescents, the elderly are the hardest to diagnose.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).A study made by NIMH shows that nearly five percent of children in the US have major depression.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).As the treatment of depression depends on a lot of factors, its improvement _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9
28、).It is tested ineffective that if a person with depression frequently visits doctor but without _ in symptoms.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Children and adolescents might have the same _ such as aggression, frustration and complaint.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are bas
29、ed on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.A department store.B.A library.C.An electrical shop.D.A bus station.A.Its too spicy.B.Its too salty.C.Its too bland.D.Its too sour.A.Customer and estate agent.B.Customer and travel agent.C.Customer and shop assistant.D.Customer and lawyer.A.A sh
30、op.B.A university campus.C.A library.D.An airport.A.A university campus.B.A book store.C.A department store.D.A police station.A.He enjoys dancing.B.His shoes dont fit him.C.Hes an excellent dancer.D.Hes a terrible dancer.A.To the dentist.B.To the vet.C.To the bus stop.D.To the library.A.On the 4th
31、floor in the electrical department.B.On the 2nd floor in the food court.C.On the 4th floor in the food court.D.On the 3rd floor in the food court.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Her bags.B.Her passport and tickets.C.Her children.D.Her seats.A.At the b
32、ack of the plane.B.In aisle seats.C.In window seats.D.Near to the toilets.A.K10-15.B.K20-24.C.E10-12.D.F1-3.A.3 bags.B.10 bags.C.They dont have any bags.D.5 bags.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Few things.B.Not many things.C.Plenty of choices.D.Nothin
33、g in his size.A.Blue.B.Green.C.White.D.Red.A.By credit card.B.With cash.C.With a cheque.D.He doesnt want to buy them.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Teen pregnancy and difficulty in school.B.Low self-esteem and p
34、oor nutrition.C.Difficulty in school and physical abuse.D.Illiteracy and teen pregnancy.A.More relative depravity.B.More relative depression.C.More relative deprivation.D.More relative degradation.A.34%.B.41%.C.17%.D.8%.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分
35、数：21.00）A.Shortage of days.B.Superstition.C.Inability to divide the year.D.Too many months.A.355.B.366.C.365.D.445.A.We lose a day.B.We add 24 hours.C.We gain 12 hours.D.We add an extra month.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Swim in public p
36、ools.B.Give blood.C.Over exert yourself.D.Expose your skin to the sun.A.Measles, HIV, hepatitis.B.Diabetes, hypertension, HIV.C.Hepatitis, syphilis, diabetes.D.HIV, hepatitis, syphilis.A.Anemia.B.Shingles.C.Hepatitis.D.HIV.A.Several weeks.B.Until your doctor tells you.C.12 months.D.At least 6 months
37、.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Italians are known for them andU (36) /Usuggest they may have originated in the Middle East butU (37) /Usaid Wednesday the worlds oldest known noodles, dating back 4, 000 years, were made in China.“Our discoveryU (38) /Uthat noodles were first produced in China about 4
38、, 000 years ago,“ Lu Hou Yuan from the Chinese Academy of Science said in an interview.The noodles wereU (39) /Uin an overturned, sealed bowl in an archaeological site near the Yellow River in north west China.Until theU (40) /U, reported in the science journal Nature, theU (41) /Uwritten account of
39、 noodles was in a book written during the East HanU (42) /Uin China sometime between 25 and 220.“This is theU (43) /Uevidence of noodles ever found,“ said Lu.U (44) /U. The scientists think a large earthquake and catastrophic flooding probably destroyed the ancient settlement where they were discove
40、red.U (45) /U. Wheat was not introduced from central and western Asia to north west China until about 5, 000 years ago.Prehistoric farmers knew how to pound and grind the hard millet seeds and mix them to make noodles. The dough was probably repeatedly stretched by hand to form long strands and cook
41、ed in boiling water to make noodles, according to the researchers.U (46) /ULu said.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)B Revenge of the Office Lady/BWith the Japanese economy in depression, why are the fa
42、shionable streets of Tokyos Shibuya district crowded with women weighed down with shopping? Why are cafes and cinemas bursting at the seams? Shinsaibashi, in the heart of Osaka, is the same - and the phenomenon is repeated, if to a lesser degree, along the streets of a dozen other dries.Call it the
43、revenge of the office lady. Used and abused in the office as tea ladies, these college graduates are expected to do low-level chores until they marry and quit. There are some 10 million unmarried women between 15 and 29 in Japan, many of them working in offices. Their pay, around $1,800 a month for
44、a typical 25-year-old goes a long way. Unlike young men, most live at home, pay little towards their keep and tend not to own cars. Their younger sisters at college and school have plenty of money, too, thanks to Japans vast part-rime job market. The Hakuhodo Institute of Life and Living in Tokyo re
45、ckons there are 3 million young women living within an hour of Shibuyas shops, ready to catch the latest fashion. If the rest of Japan were to spend as much as young females do, its economic woes (不幸) would be over.They have plenty of time (again, unlike young men) to read consumer magazines and wat
46、ch television. Womens magazines in Japan are twice as fat as American or European ones. They are packed with information on where to get almost everything from cheap designer trousers to the latest haircut. No surprise that young Japanese women are among the worlds smartest consumers.Department stor
47、es love them. No one is spending, except young women. Sales of womens clothes, accessories, shoes, handbags and cosmetics have remained good. When Takashimaya, a chain of exclusive department stores, opened a new branch in central Tokyo, half the sales area was given over to womens goods, against the usual 40%.Japans hard times are making the office ladies even more imaginative. They have been quick to check out the discount store
