1、大学四级-703 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write short essay entitled: Attend Your Classes Regularly. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1. 现在，迟到、早退、旷课是大学校园里常见的现象；2. 这一不良现象所产生的主要问题；3. 作为一个大
2、学生应该怎样做。Attend Your Classes Regularly（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship“ sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed an
3、d spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral sea (咸海) in Central Asia, its all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate (provide water for)far
4、mland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding (使搁浅) ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecolog
5、ical crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in
6、 the next century.“Growing populations wilt worsen problems with water,“ says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one-third of the
7、 worlds projected (预测的) 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.WHERE WATER GOESOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two-thirds of this freshwa
8、ter is locked in glaciers (冰山) and ice caps (冰盖). In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation (rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oc
9、eans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live. In fact, the worlds population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwaterabout the amount of wat
10、er in Lake Superior (苏必利尔湖). And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,“ says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic (水) environment.“CLOSE TO HOMEWater woes(灾难) may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the Unite
11、d States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers (地下蓄水层), layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground. )Alth
12、ough the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish(补充) it. In northwest Texas, for example, overpumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent pro
13、blems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 peo
14、ple fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium (隐孢子虫), a microbe (微生物) that causes fever, diarrhea (腹泻) and vomiting.THE SOURCEWhere do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw (未经处理的) sewage(污水) into the same streams and rivers from which they dra
15、w water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne (饮水传染的) diseases.In developed countries, manufactures use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain com
16、pounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (多氯化联二苯) ,or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car anti- freeze, and paint thinners (稀释剂) down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientist
17、s studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitro
18、gen-rich fertilizer that helps plants grow but that can wreak havoc (大破坏) on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich“ these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the wa
19、ter. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.WHATS THE SOLUTION?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams
20、 rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea.“More than 1 billion people worldwide dont have access to basic clean drinking water,“ says Gleick, “There has to be a strong push on the part of everyonegovernments and ordinary peopleto make sure we have a resource so
21、fundamental to life./（分数：70.00）(1).That the huge water projects have diverted the rivers causes the Aral Sea to shrink.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects does more harm than good.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Population growth is not one cause of water shortage.（分数：7.
22、00）填空项 1:_(4).The problems Americans face concerning water are ground water shrinkage and tap water pollution.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).According to the passage all water pollutants come from household waste.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).A large amount of freshwater is involved in the water cycle.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7
23、).People in developed countries often pour more household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain than those in developing countries.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as _ of the worlds people will suffer from water shortages.（分数：7.00）填空项
24、 1:_(9).Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Toxic chemicals pollute water when released into rivers and lakes without being _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)A.Edward will certainly be here on time.B.Nobody will be
25、here on time.C.He is not sure whether Edward will be here on time.D.Maybe Edward will be here on time.A.Hes surprised she chose that agency.B.He wonders why she is still keeping the job.C.He doesnt know when her classes started.D.He doubts if she makes much money now.A.Writing an essay.B.Studying fo
26、r a test.C.Shopping for shoes.D.Reading a magazine.A.Because she cant watch TV.B.Because her ears were hurt.C.Because she cant hear the words on the telephone.D.Because her eyes were hurt.A.William is just starting the violin lessons.B.William cant play the violin.C.William is very modest about his
27、performance.D.William is very proud of his performance.A.Children learn by example.B.Children must not tell lies.C.Children dont like discipline.D.Children must control their temper.A.At the Computer Center.B.At home.C.At company.D.At the Oak Street.A.There is no way to get to the restaurant.B.He li
28、kes eating out.C.He feels sick.D.He has to keep the dinner appointment.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation yon have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.How to arrange for a trip.B.How to book a satisfactory room.C.When the shop will be closed.D.What the weather is like.A.Because there is an excellen
29、t bus service.B.Because there is an excellent railway service.C.Because there is an excellent subway system.D.Because taxi system there isnt convenient.A.Usually warm but sometimes very cold and wet.B.Always warm.C.Usually cold and wet but sometimes warm.D.Always cold.A.At the end of the month.B.The
30、 fifth this month.C.The fifteenth this month.D.In the middle of next month.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.In a college bookstore.B.In a lecture hall.C.In a library.D.In a dormitory.A.English.B.Biology.C.Introduction to English Literature.D.A required
31、 course.A.He lives on the 10th floor of Butler Hall.B.He never wants to listen to students.C.He used to teach biology.D.He is an excellent professor.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.She was found stealing in a bookstore
32、.B.She caught someone in the art of stealing.C.She admitted having stolen something.D.She said she was wrongly accused of stealing.A.A book.B.$ 3,000.C.A handbag.D.A Christmas card.A.She was questioned by the police.B.She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes.C.She was insulted by the shopper arou
33、nd her.D.She was body searched by the store manager.A.They refused to apologize for having followed her through the town.B.They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing.C.They still suspected that she was a thief.D.They agreed to pay her $ 3,000 damages.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are base
34、d on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.His friend gave him the wrong key.B.He didnt know where the back door was.C.He couldnt find the key to his mailbox.D.It was too dark to put the key in the lock.A.It was getting dark.B.He was afraid of being blamed by his friend.C.The birds might have
35、flown away.D.His friend would arrive any time.A.He looked silly with only one leg inside the window.B.He knew the policeman wouldnt believe him.C.The torch light made him look very foolish.D.He realized that he had made a mistake.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just
36、 heard.（分数：21.00）A.The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants.B.The exhaustion of energy resources.C.The destruction of energy resources.D.The spread of the black powder from the fires.A.The underground oil resources have not been affected.B.Most of the desert animals and plants have managed
37、to survive.C.The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D.The underground water resources have not been affected by oil lakes.A.To restore the normal production of the oil wells.B.To estimate the losses caused by the fire.C.To remove the oil left in the desert.D.To use the oil left in the o
38、il lakes.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and (36) the future course of the universe with anything like (37) There are still too many things we do not know about the wa
39、y the universe is put together. But we do know (38) what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good idea of how to go (39) getting it.Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to (40) a train coming into a switchyard. All of the switches are set before th
40、e train arrives, so that its path is completely (41) Some switches we can see; others we cannot. There is no doubt if we can see the setting of a switch: we can say with confidence that some of the (42) futures will not be realized and others will. At the unseen (43) , however, there is no such cert
41、ainty about it. (44) The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and (45) When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our “track“ many billions of years into the future, but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. (46)
42、（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)If our society ever needed a reading renaissance(复兴), its now. A study shows that adult reading (47) have dropped 10 percentage points in the past deca
43、de, with the steepest drop among those 18 to 24. “Only one half of young people read a book of any kind in 2002. If you read one short story in a teenager magazine, that would have (48) ,“ laments a director of research and analysis. He (49) the loss of readers to the booming world of technology, wh
44、ich attracts would-be readers to E-mail, online chats, and video games and leaves them with no time to cope with a novel.“These new forms of media undoubtedly have some benefits,“ says Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad Is Good for You. Video games (50) problem-solving skills; TV shows promote
45、 mental gymnastics by (51) viewers to follow complex story lines. But books offer experience that cant be gained from these other sources, from (52) vocabulary to stretching the imagination. “If theyre not reading at all,“ says Johnson, “thats a huge problem.“In fact, fewer kids are reading for plea
46、sure. According to data (53) last week, the number of 17-year-olds who reported never or hardly ever reading for fun (54) from 9 percent in 1984 to 19 percent in 2004. At the same time, the (55) of 17-year-olds who read daily dropped from 31 to 22.This slow but steady retreat from books has not yet
47、taken a toll on reading ability. Scores tot the nations youth have (56) constant over the past two decades(with an encouraging upswing among 9-year-olds). But given the strong apparent correlation between pleasure reading and reading skills, this means poorly for the future. A. amount B. remained C. rose D. rates E. percentage F. counted G. relieved H. present I. believing J. releasedK. forcing L. improve M. styles N. building O. attributes（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、S
