1、大学四级-1849 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Extravagant Spending on College Campus. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words according the outline below in Chines
2、e. Write your essay on Answer Sheet .1)各大学在假期都会组织学生参加各种社会实践活动，2)这些活动给大学生带来了哪些好处，3)参加社会实践活动应该注意些什么。（分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)(1).A. Arguing. B. Protesting. C. Complaining. D. Bargaining.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The apples and pears might not be so good.
3、 B. The apples are not as good as the pears.C. The apples and pears are very nice. D. The apples and pears are as good as they look.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. A train arriving in Boston.B. A timetable.C. A map of New York.D. Pictures of the trains from Boston to New York.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. She cou
4、ld help him with the problems. B. He should go out for a while.C. She could go out together with him. D. He should do the problems himself.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Customer and salesman. B. Colleagues.C. Employee and boss. D. Classmates.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. It was probably Mr. Browns phone number
5、that the woman wrote down.B. It was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown.C. The woman forgot to write down the phone number.D. The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He was offered a better job. B. He received a traffic ticket.C. He works very careful
6、ly. D. He always drives through a lot of traffic.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The woman walks too quickly. B. The woman is a fast talker.C. The woman couldnt walk. D. The woman walks slowly.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. The strength of ocean currents.B. The movement of sediment deep in the ocean.C. The best me
7、thods for studying deep ocean processes.D. A new way of measuring the depth of the ocean.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Why the book talks about turbidity currents.B. How winds can affect some ocean currents.C. The causes of underwater earthquakes.D. What a turbidity current is.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Its
8、cleaner. B. Its heavier.C. Its warmer. D. It moves more slowly.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. To explain how winds cause turbidity currents.B. To remind the student where ocean sediments originate.C. To explain the effects of turbidity currents.D. To remind the student about the next assignment.（分数：7.10）A.
9、B.C.D.(1).A. Places the woman has visited.B. A paper the woman is writing for a class.C. School activities they enjoy.D. The mans plans for the summer.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He has never been to Gettysburg.B. He took a political science course.C. His family still goes on vacation together.D. Hes in
10、terested in the United States Civil War.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Why his parents wanted to go to Gettysburg.B. Why his familys vacation plans changed ten years ago.C. Where his family went for a vacation ten years ago.D. When his family went on their last vacation.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.四、Section B(总题数：0，分
11、数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. When he saw a motionless whale for the first time.B. When he saw an animal for the first time.C. When he saw a one-person underwater vehicle.D. When he saw an airplane like craft.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It is a kind of airplane.B. It is a one-person underwa
12、ter vehicle.C. It is a one-person vehicle on the sea.D. It is a warship.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. To fly through the water looking for explorers.B. To show TV programs and films to experimental workers at sea.C. To demonstrate technology for the development of another vehicle of its kind.D. To transpo
13、rt explorers to the very bottom of the sea.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. Because it is fun.B. Because they are forced to clean themselves.C. Because theyre proud of their pretty feathers.D. Because they have an instinct for cleanliness.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Keep it waterproo
14、f.B. Keep it cool in summer.C. Communicate with other birds of the same species.D. Allow it to fly.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Birds use their beaks to clean their feathers.B. Preening is very important to birds.C. The habits of birds are interesting.D. How birds clean their feathers.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.七、
15、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：28.40)(1).A. The British government. B. George Washington.C. Ben Franklin. D. The private contractors.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He created kite-flying.B. He established a government service.C. He developed a new road.D. He established the postal system.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Be
16、cause the horse and wagon were slow.B. Because the trains were too fast.C. Because some towns were far away.D. Because the communities didnt like it.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The postal service failed.B. The postal service has developed a system.C. It remained the same.D. The postal service has develo
17、ped all over the country.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)People who work in the fields of science and technology are not like other people. This can be frustration to the non-technical people who have to deal with them. The secret to (26) technology- oriented people is to understand thei
18、r (27) .All technical professionals share (28) traits. For convenience, I will focus (29) on engineers. It is safe to generalize to the other science and technology professions. To the engineer, all matter in the (30) can be placed into one of two categories: things that need to be fixed and things
19、that will need to be fixed after youve had a few minutes to play with them. Engineers like to (31) . If there are no problems handily (32) , they will create their own problems.Normal people dont understand this concept; they believe that if it isnt broken, dont fix it. Engineers believe that if it
20、isnt broken, it doesnt have enough (33) yet.No engineer (34) television remots control without wondering what it would take to turn it into a hand gun. No engineer can take a shower without wondering if some sort of Teflon coating would make showering (35) . To the engineer, the world is a toy box f
21、ull of unsatisfactory playthings.（分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients (36) of pain, they were
22、 told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.Times have changed. Today, we take pain (37) . Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in (38) a persons well-being. We know that chronic(慢性
23、的) pain can disrupt (扰乱的) a persons life, causing problems that (39) from missed work to depression.Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who (40) in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help p
24、rovide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social (41) related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often (42) the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.This modem (43) for pain management has led t
25、o a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a (44) number of drags available, and many of them caused (45) side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the
26、 medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.A. result B. involves C. significant D. rangeE. relieved F. issues G. seriously H. magnificentI. determining J. limited K. gravely L. complainedM. respect N. prompting O. specialize（分数：35.50）填空项 1
27、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Wired for Distraction: Kids and Social Media?A. Most parents who worry about their kids online activity focus on the people or content their children might encounter: Are they being cy berbullied? Do they ha
28、ve access to age-inappropriate material? Can sexual predators (色狼) reach them? What I worry about, as a sociobiologist, is not what my kids are doing on the Intemet but what all this connectivity is doing to their brains. Scientific evidence increasingly suggests that, amid all the texting, poking a
29、nd surfing, our childrens digital lives are turning them into much different creatures from usand not necessarily for the better.B. For starters, there is the problem of what some researchers refer to as continuous partial attention, a term coined by former Microsoft executive Linda Stone. We know t
30、he dangers of texting or talking on the phone while operating a motor vehiclebut what about when forming a brain? A Kaiser Family Foundation report released last year found that on average, children ages 8 to 18 spend 7 hours and 38 min. a day using entertainment media. And if you count each content
31、 stream separatelya lot of kids, for example, text while watching TVthey are logging almost 11 hours of media usage a day.C. You (or your children) might think the people who have had the most practice dealing with distractions would be the most adept at multitasking. But a 2009 study found that whe
32、n extraneous (与正题无关的) information was presented, participants who (on the basis of their answers to a study questionnaire) did a lot of media multitasking performed worse on a test than those who dont do much media multitasking. In the test, a trio of Stanford University researchers showed college s
33、tudents an image of a bunch of rectangles (矩形) in various orientations and asked them to focus on a couple of red ones in particular. Then the students were shown a second, very similar image and asked if the red rectangles had been rotated. The heavy media multitaskers were wrong more oftenbecause,
34、 the study concluded, they are more sensitive to distracting stimuli than light media multitaskers are.D. We have separate circuits, it rums out, for top-down focusi. e., when we set our mind to concentrate on somethingand reactive attention, when our brain reflexively tunes in to novel stimuli. We
35、obviously need both for survival, whether in the wilds of prehistory or while crossing a street today, but our saturated (饱和的) media universe has perhaps privileged the latter form and is wiring our kids brains differently.“ Each time we get a message or text, “Anthony Wagner, one of the Stanford st
36、udys co-authors, speculates,“ our dopamine (多巴胺) reward circuits probably get activated, since the desire for social connection is so wired into us. “The result, he suggests, could be a forward-feeding cycle in which we pay more and more attention to environmental stimuliHey, another text!at the exp
37、ense of focus.E. Constant distraction affects not only how well kids learn but also how their brains absorb the new information. In 2006, UCLA scientists showed that multitaskers and focused learners deploy (调动) different parts of the brain when they learn the same thing. Multitaskers fire up their
38、striatum (终脑的皮层), which encodes the learning more like habit, or whats known as procedural memory. Meanwhile, those who were allowed to focus on the task without distraction relied on the hippocampus (海马体), which is at the heart of the declarative memory circuit that comes into play, say, in math cl
39、ass when you need to apply abstract rules to novel problems. The upshot of the study was that the focusers could apply the new skill more broadly but the multitaskers could not. Multitaskers reliance on rote habit would be all well and good if we want our offspring to work on assembly lines, but to
40、do the kind of high-level thinking that experts agree will be key to getting well-paying jobs, wed better exercise our collective hippocampus.F. Some technology observers, like Danah Boyd, a fellow at Harvards Berkman Center for Intemet and Society, claim that social media are getting a bum rap (不公正
41、的对待) and that the real problem lies in the hyperprotective way we parent today.“ Over and over, kids tell me that theyd rather get together in person, but then they list off all of the things that make doing so impossible“like their overscheduled after-school lives or parents fears of kids navigatin
42、g the streets alone, she says.G. Stone has observed something similar in technology use among adolescents: “When theyre with friends, they wont answer their cell phone. And if they get an SMS, they will just answer, BZ, L8R.“ Perhaps this is a sign that our kids will be better than we are at learnin
43、g how to prioritize taskssomething that will come in handy when they become workers and spouses and parents.H. But I am still concerned about the effect that 24/7 connectivity has on my kidsand on my 11-year-old son in particular. School-lunchroom behaviorgossipy whispers, competition for attention,
44、 etc.now goes on around the clock. Theres no downtime, no alone time for him to develop his sense of self.I. So whats a good dad to do? Ive set some rules that are designed to aid his social and cognitive development: no Facebook during school, and no electronic devices after 9:30 p. m. The latter p
45、rohibition is designed to help him get more sleep, which, according to some studies, is when our brains prune connections among neurons, preserving and speeding up the ones that matter and flushing out the ones that dont. “Unfortunately, the new modes of communication and hours spent using them are
46、preventing already sleep-deprived teens from getting any, which affects memory consolidation and behavioral regulation,“ says B. J. Casey, director of Cornells Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology. Even if kids get nine to 10 hours of sleep but sustain multiple interruptionsfrom, say, a
47、 buzzing iPhone next to the pillowthey will suffer cognitively and feel tired the next day. Hence my 9:30 rule, which falls into that age-old parenting category: Do as I say, not as I do.（分数：71.00）(1).According to a 2009 study, people who did a lot of media multitasking made more fault on the test.（
48、分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(2).In order to help his son get more sleep, the author forbids his son to use electronic devices after 9:30 p. m.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(3).The saturated media universe may have weakened our top-down focus.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(4).8 to 18 years old children spend about 11 hours using media per day if each content stream is counted separately.（分数：7.10）填空
