1、大学英语六级 169 及答案解析(总分：428.04，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Does Grades Mean Ability? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. Some people think that grades is the way to show o
2、nes ability. 2. Others hold that grades may not necessarily mean ability. 3. Your opinion. （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Workplace Negativity Nothing affects employee morale more adversely than persistent workplace negativity. It saps (消耗) the energy of your organization and diverts
3、critical attention from work and performance. Negativity occurs in the attitude, outlook, and talk of one department member, or in a crescendo (高潮) of voices responding to a workplace decision or event. Learn About Workplace Negativity As a manager or human resources professional, you are closely in
4、 touch with employees throughout the company. This allows you to keep your fingers on the pulse of the organization to sense workplace negativity. It enables you to establish and heed early warning signals that all is not well. You receive employee complaints, do exit interviews with employees who l
5、eave, and know the reputation of your organization in your community. You watch the discussions on employee Intranets, manage the appraisal and 360-degree feedback process, and coach managers in appropriate staff treatment. This information will help you learn to identify the symptoms of negativity
6、before its morale-busting consequences damage your workplace. It will also assist you in preventing and curing workplace negativity. Diagnose Workplace Negativity Negativity is an increasing problem in the workplace, according to Gary S. Topchik, the author of Managing Workplace Negativity. He state
7、s, in a Management Review article, that negativity is often the result of a loss of confidence, control, or community. Knowing what people are negative about is the first step in solving the problem. In my experience, when rumblings (抱怨) and negativity are beginning in your organization, talking wit
8、h employees will help you understand the exact problems and the degree to which the problems are impacting your workplace. You will want to identify the exact employee groups who are experiencing the negativity, and the nature of the issues that sparked their unhappiness. Perhaps the organization ma
9、de a decision that adversely affected staff. Perhaps the executive manager held a staff meeting and was perceived to threaten or ignore people asking legitimate questions. Maybe staff members feel insecure because concern exists over losing a product line. Perhaps underground rumors are circulating
10、about an impending layoff. People may feel that they give the organization more than they receive in return. They may feel that a coworker is mistreated or denied a deserved promotion. When You Are Not in Control of the Negativity Negativity often occurs when people are impacted by decisions and iss
11、ues that are out of their control. Examples of these include: corporation downsizing; understaffing that requires people to work mandatory overtime; budget reductions; and upper-management decisions that adversely impact members of your staff. Under these circumstances, as a human resources professi
12、onal, try some of the following ideas. -Identify any aspects of the situation that you can impact, including providing feedback in your organization about the negative impact that is occurring. (Sometimes decisions are made and no one understands or predicts their outcome. Sometimes you can influenc
13、e an issue or a decision if you practice personal, professional courage and speak your mind.) -Listen, listen, listen. Often people just need a sounding board. Be visible and available to staff. Proactively (积极地) schedule group discussion sessions, town meetings, “lunches with the manager“ or one-on
14、-one blocks of time. -Challenge pessimistic thinking and negative beliefs about people, the company, and the work area. Dont let negative, false statements go unchallenged. If the statements are true, provide the rationale, the corporate thinking, and the events that are responsible for the negative
15、 circumstances. Share everything you know about a situation to build trust with the workforce. -Ask open-ended questions to determine the cause, and the scope of the negative feelings or reaction. Maybe its not as bad as people think; maybe their interpretation of events is faulty. Helping people id
16、entify exactly what they feel negatively about is the first step in solving the problem. You cant solve a fog of unhappiness. Help people create options, feel included, and feel part of the communication and problem-solving. (Do all of the items mentioned in the section “Minimize Workplace Negativit
17、y“.) Recognize Your Potential Part in the Negativity Cycle -Recognize that you are human and occasionally experience situations in which you must uphold decisions you dont entirely support. You dont want to contribute to the negativity by your words, actions, non-verbal behavior, or voice. Yet, you
18、want to act authentically so you are trustworthy and credible. -Know yourself well enough to recognize internally when you are becoming negative. -Become aware of work situations in which you typically find yourself becoming defensive or negative. Because you are aware of them, try to recognize when
19、 you are reacting and avoid your typical negative reaction. (Some people figure out exactly how to get you going and push your “hot buttons“ deliberately, so to speak.) -Take a time-out or walk away by yourself when you have dealt with a stressful situation. -Spend some time alone thinking every day
20、 about the positive aspects of your work and life. You dont want to spend all of your time on negative thinking. If there is nothing positive to think about, examine the life you are choosing to create. -Treat yourself with care. Dont beat yourself up or second-guess yourself over decisions or mista
21、kes. You are human. You learn; you grow. Focus on the big picture; dont get bogged down (陷入) in the day-to-day. Recognize that the only thing you are truly in charge of is how you choose to react in any situation. I trust that these ideas will help you in addressing the negativity in your workplace.
22、 As always, your thoughts and additional ideas are always welcome. Please share them in the HR Forum so a broader group of people can benefit from your thinking. Minimize Workplace Negativity The best way to combat workplace negativity is to keep it from occurring in the first place. These tips will
23、 help you minimize workplace negativity. -Provide opportunities for people to make decisions about and control and/or influence their own job. The single most frequent cause of workplace negativity I encounter is traceable to a manager or the organization making a decision about a persons work witho
24、ut her input. Almost any decision that excludes the input of the person doing the work is perceived as negative. -Make opportunities available for people to express their opinion about workplace policies and procedures. Recognize the impact of changes in such areas as work hours, pay, benefits, and
25、assignment of overtime hours, comp pay, dress codes, office location, job requirements, and working conditions. These factors are closest to the mind, heart and physical presence of each individual. Changes to these can cause serious negative responses. Provide timely, proactive responses to questio
26、ns and concerns. -Treat people as adults with fairness and consistency. Develop and publicize workplace policies and procedures that organize work effectively. Apply them consistently. As an example, each employee has the opportunity to apply for leave time. In granting his request, apply the same f
27、actors to his application as you would to any other individuals. -Afford people the opportunity to grow and develop. Training, perceived opportunities for promotions, lateral moves for development, and cross-training are visible signs of an organizations commitment to staff. -Do not create “rules“ f
28、or all employees, when just a few people are violating the norms. You want to minimize the number of rules directing the behavior of adult people at work. Treat people as adults; they will usually live up to your expectations, and their own expectations. -Help people feel like members of the in-crow
29、d; each person wants to have the same information as quickly as everyone else. Provide the context for decisions, and communicate effectively and constantly. If several avenues or directions are under consideration, communicate all that you know, as soon as you know it. Reserve the right to change y
30、our mind later, without consequence, when additional factors affect the direction of ultimate decisions. -Provide appropriate leadership and a strategic framework, including mission, vision, values, and goals. People want to feel as if they are part of something bigger than themselves. If they under
31、stand the direction, and their part in making the desired outcomes happen, they can effectively contribute more. （分数：71.00）(1).Only by watching the discussions on employee Intranets can managers find warning signs of negativity.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).It is helpful for managers to talk with their emp
32、loyees to learn the workplace negativity problems.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Upper-management often leads to the workplace negativity that is difficult to control.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Managers should spend some time with their employees over supper talking about positive things.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).
33、Employee morale is mostly adversely affected by_.（分数：7.10）_(6).People will experience negativity in the workplaces when they lose_.（分数：7.10）_(7).The most efficient way to combat workplace negativity is to_ in the first place.（分数：7.10）_(8).Workplace negativity often arises when a manager makes a deci
34、sion about a persons work without_.（分数：7.10）_(9).It is suggested to provide opportunities for employees to express their ideas about_.（分数：7.10）_(10).It is advisable to provide employees with appropriate leadership and_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The woman is the mans boss.B.Th
35、e man is the womans husband.C.The woman is the headmaster of a school.D.The woman wants to know something about a student.A.It is not too late for the man to return the book.B.The man should have returned the book earlier.C.She will probably wont do well on the coming Mondays test.D.The man should h
36、ave been more thoughtful.A.The islands are very different from the North.B.The islands are a great distance from the North.C.The islands are similar to the North.D.The islands make her cry for the North.A.People are expected to come at six.B.A formal party will be held.C.It will be a party for relax
37、ation.D.There is no need to prepare special clothes.A.Natalie already knows about the surprise party.B.Eugene and Natalie are not good friends.C.Eugene will probably tell Natalie about the party.D.Eugene wont tell Natalie about the party.A.Its time to urge him to study math.B.He himself should make
38、the decision.C.They should help him study math.D.They should leave right now.A.He fell during the soccer game.B.He did not study hard.C.He likes botany more than math.D.Martin wishes he had more time for his studies.A.She has to change the time for the trip.B.She hasnt decided where to go next month
39、.C.She cant afford the time for the trip.D.She will manage to leave this month.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Find out about a course.B.See an adviser.C.Drop off a paper.D.Go to a meeting.A.Paint a landscape.B.Give an oral report.C.Take a final exam.D.Buy several books.A.Come to her office before her
40、meeting.B.Change his major.C.Meet with her tomorrow.D.Discuss the class with his roommate.A.$15,000.B.$10,500.C.$14,000.D.$16,000.A.Four.B.Five.C.Three.D.Seven.A.Next month.B.Next week.C.Two days later.D.Ten days later.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.Use of library facilities.B.Library regulations.C.Li
41、brary personnel.D.Location of the library.A.Book publishers.B.Librarians.C.New university students.D.Faculty members.A.Graduate students.B.Undergraduate students.C.Professors.D.Library employees.A.No fuel.B.Ice on the wing.C.Engine trouble.D.No food.A.New England.B.Britain.C.Newfoundland.D.Alaska.A.
42、Only one.B.Two.C.Three.D.More than three.A.Many hours.B.One full day.C.Two full days.D.Three full days.A.He set up the first university in America.B.He was one of the earliest settlers in America.C.He can best represent the spirit of early America.D.He was the most distinguished diplomat in American
43、 history.A.He provided Washington with a lot of money.B.He persuaded France to support Washington.C.He served as a general in Washingtons army.D.He represented Washington in negotiations with Britain.A.As one of the greatest American scholars.B.As one of Americas most ingenious inventors.C.As one of
44、 the founding fathers of the United States.D.As one of the most famous activists for human rights.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Clothes play a (36) 1role in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the
45、 wearers background, (37) 2, status, mood and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate peoples ( 38 ) 3 of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the ( 39 ) 4 phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elder
46、ly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an (40) 5 manner, regardless of the persons education, background, or interests. People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain
47、outfit, (41) 6the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoker or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed (42) 7. And collage students who (43) 8themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfu
