1、大学英语六级 182 及答案解析(总分：448.04，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Traveling. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below: 1许多人喜欢旅游，不同的旅游者有不同的感受。 2我喜欢不喜
2、欢旅游，是因为 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)When people think about air pollution, they usually think about smog, acid rain, CFCs, and other forms of outdoor air pollution. But do you know that air pollution also can exist inside homes and other buildings? It can, and every year, the healt
3、h of many people is affected by chemical substances present in the air within buildings. A great deal of research on pollution is being conducted at laboratories and universities. The goals of the research are to find solutions and to educate the public about the problem. Two places where this type
4、of work is being done are LBNL and the University of California, Berkeley. Lets take a closer look at the various types of air pollution, the effects that they have on people, and what is being (or not being) done to correct the problem. What is Air Pollution? Air is the ocean we breathe. Air suppli
5、es us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air is 99.9% nitrogen (氮气), oxygen, water vapor and inert(惰性的) gases. Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans,
6、 plants, and animals. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes“ in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as wel
7、l as for the whole environment. One type of air pollution is the release of particles (微粒) into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke (柴油烟) is a good example of this particulate matter. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or about .0001 inches. This
8、 type of pollution is sometimes referred to as “black carbon“ pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal (木炭) in fireplaces and barbeques can release si
9、gnificant quantities of soot (油烟) into the air. Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. Pol
10、lution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. In the United States, we spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings, and so our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serio
11、us. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Outdoor Air Pollution Smog is a type of large-scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. Cities
12、are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year. Additional information about smog and its effects are available from the Air Quality Management District (AQMD) in southern California. For each city, the exact ca
13、uses of pollution may be different. Depending on the geographical location, temperature, wind and weather factors, pollution is dispersed differently. However, sometimes this does not happen and the pollution can build up to dangerous levels. A temperature inversion occurs when air close to the eart
14、h is cooler is 99.9% nitrogen (氮气), oxygen, water vapor and inert(惰性的) gases. Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discu
15、ssed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes“ in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the whole environment. One type of air pollution is the release of particles (微粒) into the air from burning fuel fo
16、r energy. Diesel smoke (柴油烟) is a good example of this particulate matter. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or about .0001 inches. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as “black carbon“ pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, home
17、s, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal (木炭) in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quantities of soot (油烟) into the air. Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur di
18、oxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. Pollution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor
19、 activities such as smoking and cooking. In the United States, we spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings, and so our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Outdoor Air Pollution Smog is a type of lar
20、ge-scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months
21、of the year. Additional information about smog and its effects are available from the Air Quality Management District (AQMD) in southern California. For each city, the exact causes of pollution may be different. Depending on the geographical location, temperature, wind and weather factors, pollution
22、 is dispersed differently. However, sometimes this does not happen and the pollution can build up to dangerous levels. A temperature inversion occurs when air close to the earth is cooler lives. We work, study, eat, drink and sleep in enclosed environments where air circulation may be restricted. Fo
23、r these reasons, some experts feel that more people suffer from the effects of indoor air pollution than outdoor pollution. There are many sources of indoor air pollution. Tobacco smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors from building materials, paints, furniture, etc. cause pollution insid
24、e buildings. Radon is a natural radioactive gas released from the earth, and it can be found concentrated in basements in some parts of the United States. Pollution exposure at home and work is often greater than outdoors. The California Air Resources Board estimates that indoor air pollutant levels
25、 are 25-62% greater than outside levels and can pose serious health problems. Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways. Some individuals are much more sensitive to poll
26、utants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. People with health problems such as asthma, heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted. The extent to which an individual is harmed by air pollution usually depend
27、s on the total exposure to the damaging chemicals, i.e., the duration of exposure and the concentration of the chemicals must be taken into account. Research into the health effects of air pollution is ongoing. Medical conditions arising from air pollution can be very expensive. Healthcare costs, lo
28、st productivity in the workplace, and human welfare impacts cost billions of dollars each year. In many countries in the world, steps are being taken to stop the damage to our environment from air pollution. Scientific groups study the damaging effects on plant, animal and human life. Legislative bo
29、dies write laws to control emissions. Educators in schools and universities teach students, beginning at very young ages, about the effects of air pollution. （分数：71.00）(1).Main types of pollution include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes“ in the ozone layer.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Ni
30、trogen is one of noxious gases.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In the United States, people usually spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Smog is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissi
31、ons.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The Greenhouse Effect is generally believed to come from the_ in the atmosphere.（分数：7.10）_(6).The water (or snow) can become acidified when a pollutant combines with_ in the air.（分数：7.10）_(7).Ultraviolet radiation is known to cause skin cancer and has damaging effects on（分
32、数：7.10）_(8)._is called “black carbon“ pollution.（分数：7.10）_(9).A temperature inversion occurs when_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The ozone layer in the stratosphere_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.In a railroad station.B.At a bus terminal.C.In a restaurant.D.In a hotel room.A.Tom will certainly
33、come to repair the stereo.B.Tom cannot repair the stereo.C.Tom doesnt keep his word.D.Tom is very trustworthy.A.She agreed.B.She disagreed.C.She was impatient.D.She was worried.A.This morning.B.This evening.C.Friday morning.D.Friday evening.A.He should wait till the day after tomorrow.B.He should bu
34、y a better suit.C.He should wait after a job interview.D.He should buy when it becomes unfashionable.A.He wouldnt see the play as often as she had.B.He likes the play better than she does.C.It is greater to see a shorter play.D.It is worthwhile to see the play over five times.A.Mr. Smith is very kin
35、d.B.The man should not worry.C.She is worried.D.She likes Mr. Smith.A.The apples and pears might not be so good.B.The apples are not as good as the pears.C.The apples and pears are very good.D.The apples and pears are as good as they look.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Colleagues.B.Husband and Wife.C.
36、Friends.D.Roommates.A.At noon.B.In the afternoon.C.In the evening.D.In the morning.A.Janet.B.Chris.C.Her husband.D.The man who called her in the evening.A.A chemistry assignment.B.A study that their chemistry professor did.C.A class that the woman is taking.D.A job possibility.A.She wants to quit he
37、r job in the chemistry lab.B.She wants to get practical experience.C.Shes interested in becoming a psychology major.D.She wants to earn extra money.A.Employ them as lab assistants.B.Teach chemistry classes at their high school.C.Help them with their studies.D.Pay them for participating in the study.
38、A.Write their lab report.B.Find out Professor Smiths schedule.C.Interview some high school students.D.Finish their chemistry experiment.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.18 American undergraduates.B.18 American postgraduates.C.18 overseas undergraduates.D.18 overseas postgraduates.A.Family relations.B.So
39、cial problems.C.Family planning.D.Personal matters.A.Red.B.Blue.C.Green.D.Purple.A.The five questions were not well designed.B.Not all the questionnaires were returned.C.Only a small number of students were surveyed.D.Some of the answers to the questionnaire were not valid.A.The coffee market in Bos
40、ton.B.The role of supermarkets in the coffee business.C.A new trend in the United States.D.The advertising of a new product.A.Gourmet coffee is less expensive.B.Regular brands of coffee have too much caffeine.C.Gourmet coffee tastes better.D.Gourmet coffee is grown in the United States.A.They will r
41、un out of coffee.B.They will successfully compete with gourmet coffee sellers.C.They will introduce new regular brands of coffee.D.They will lose some coffee business.A.He thought that he would either find a good job or he would be a thief.B.He said that he would become rich by way of robbing the ba
42、nk.C.He said that he could rob the rich of their money.D.He might be rich if he worked harder.A.Because he had a letter of thanks.B.Because he feared that he might be killed if he refused.C.Because he gave him a demand note.D.Because he showed him a cheque payable at sight.A.The raid had been photog
43、raphed by hidden cameras.B.Some watchmen had seen the raid.C.The bank teller proved that Joe was the robber.D.Some monitors had been installed nearby.A.Funny.B.Brave.C.Clever.D.Stupid.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a c
44、onsumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. (36) 1, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of (37) 2 unemployment. Such an increase (38) 3 an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear e
45、nergy provides an (39) 4and economical source of power and that it is (40) 5essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power stati
46、on can be run and (41) 6by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor (42) 7an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more (43) 8sources of fuel. However, (44) 9. Furthermore, it is questionab
47、le whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. (45) 10. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. (46) 11. However, it is doubtful w
