1、大学英语六级（2013 年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 237及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on understanding others by referring to Abraham Lincolns remark, “I dont like that man. I must get to know him better
2、.“ You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：11，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.Play basketball with his colleagues.B.Go to hospital and have a physical check.C.Lose weight and strengthen the muscles.D.Compete in a cy
3、cling race with colleagues.A.He should start with a light workout.B.He should go to have a check-up.C.He should eat less fatty foods.D.He should visit a fitness trainer.A.It helps improve the physical health.B.It is good for a sound sleep.C.It helps develop mental toughness.D.It helps lose weight.A.
4、He wakes up very early.B.He stays up watching TV.C.He often plays baseball.D.He hates fruits and vegetables.A.A literature professor.B.An academic advisor.C.Dean of the English Department.D.A Doctor of Applied Linguistics.A.To inquire about switching majors.B.To find a helping supervisor.C.To make u
5、p the remaining credits.D.To apply for a masters degree.A.He cant catch up with his classmates.B.He finds the English course load too heavy.C.He is not interested in his present major.D.He is good at Applied Linguistics.A.Twenty-four credits.B.Twelve credits.C.Three Credits.D.Thirty-six credits.5.Se
6、ction B_A.The merits and drawbacks of a large population.B.The disadvantages of a large population.C.The advantages of a small population.D.The rapidly growing world population.A.The level of education varies around the world.B.The economists attitudes to population differ greatly.C.The living stand
7、ard varies from country to country.D.The countries attitudes to population differ greatly.A.Great pressure on housing.B.Rising demands of goods.C.The prosperity of the building industry.D.A declining market for manufactured goods.A.Rising fuel costs to limit the use of itB.Saving energy and use othe
8、r sources.C.Having protection against fuel shortage.D.Putting in a solar unit in every house.A.The disadvantages of solar energy.B.The pollution of other energy sources.C.The rising fuel costs and fuel shortage.D.The costs of solar energy system.A.There is no space to put in solar units.B.It is deci
9、ded by Mother Nature.C.It is not the right time to use itD.It costs too much to use itA.It will go up.B.It will come down.C.It will go up and down.D.It will stay the same.6.Section C_A.Her personal experience to be a successful CEO.B.Her management in Avon as a successful CEO.C.Her family education
10、of the Chinese heritage.D.Her education experience in both China and AmericaA.Her parents hard work to fulfill their full potential.B.Her parents thirst for opportunities of higher education.C.Her parents desire to adapt to American society.D.Her parents strong sense of competition in America.A.They
11、 studied engineer in Canada for graduate degree.B.They spoke very good English when they reached AmericaC.They were more concerned with the speakers EQ than IQ.D.They valued both Chinese and Western cultures in family education.A.Creative.B.Aggressive.C.Respectful.D.Responsible.A.The Open University
12、.B.The Young Foundation.C.The British government.D.The School of Everything.A.School graduates lack of creativity and responsibility.B.School graduates lack of right attitudes and experience.C.School graduates lack of experience and confidence.D.School graduates lack of communication skills.A.Studen
13、ts learn best by doing things for real.B.Students learn fast in business environment.C.Students learn fast through online courses.D.Students learn best when sitting in classrooms.A.To find out how much time they spend in making decisions.B.To find out how many hours they spend on business meetings.C
14、.To find out how often they go on business traveling.D.To find out how much pressure they undertake at work.A.To make choices more easily.B.To make work time more efficientC.To make shopping more convenient.D.To make decisions more independently.A.In words.B.By eye contact.C.By clapping hands.D.By r
15、aising hand.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened between. As was discussed before, it was
16、 not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 1 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 2 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and 3 on through
17、the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 4 . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by th
18、e invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, 5 changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately 6 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal“ too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage 7 i
19、ncreasing. They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations much smaller. It was within the computer age that the term “information society“ began to be widely used to describe the context within which we now live. The communications revolution has 8
20、both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 9 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits“ have been weighed against “harmful“ 10 . And generalizations have proved difficult.A) speeded B) universal C) leading D)
21、impressedE) influenced F) territory G) capacity H) radicallyI) controversial J) presumably K) perspective L) outcomesM) apparent N) distracting O) medium（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Trust Me, Im a RobotA With robots now emerging from th
22、eir industrial cages and moving into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. Inspired by the Pugwash Conferen
23、cesan international group of scientists, academics and activists founded in 1957 to campaign for the non-proliferation of nuclear weaponsthe new group of roboethicists met earlier this year in Genoa, Italy, and announced their initial findings in March at the European Robotics Symposium in Palermo,
24、Sicily.B “Security and safety are the big concerns,“ says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Is “system malfunction“ a jus
25、tifiable defence for a robotic fighter plane that contravenes (违反) the Geneva Convention and mistakenly fires on innocent civilians?C “These questions may seem hard to understand but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant,“ says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations
26、Economic Commission for Europes World Robotics Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly surpassing their industrial counterparts. By the end of 2003 there were more than 600,000 robot vacuum cleaners and lawn mowersa figure predicted to rise to more than 4m
27、 by the end of next year. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety guid
28、elines now, says Dr. Christensen. Stop right thereD So what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? “Not enough,“ says Blay Whitby. This is hardly surprising given that the field of “safety-critical computing“ is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and r
29、esearchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots safer. One approach, which sounds simple enough, is try to program them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Getting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough wit
30、hout having to take into account what its various limbs or appendages might bump into along the way.E “Regulating the behaviour of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them,“ says Gianmarco Veruggio. “As a resul
31、t, their behaviour will become impossible to predict fully,“ he says, “since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behaviour as they go.“F Then there is the question of unpredictable failures. What happens if a robots motors stop working, or it suffers a system failure just
32、 as it is performing heart surgery or handing you a cup of hot coffee? You can, of course, build in redundancy by adding backup systems, says Hirochika Inoue. But this guarantees nothing, he says. “One hundred per cent safety is impossible through technology,“ says Dr. Inoue. This is because ultimat
33、ely no matter how thorough you are, you cannot anticipate the unpredictable nature of human behaviour, he says. Or to put it another way, no matter how sophisticated your robot is at avoiding people, people might not always manage to avoid it, and could end up tripping over it and falling down the s
34、tairs.Legal problemsG In any case, says Dr. Inoue, the laws really just summarize commonsense principles that are already applied to the design of most modern appliances, both domestic and industrial. Every toaster, lawn mower and mobile phone is designed to minimize the risk of causing injuryyet pe
35、ople still manage to electrocute (电死) themselves, lose fingers or fall out of windows in an effort to get a better signal. At the very least, robots must meet the rigorous safety standards that cover existing products. The question is whether new, robot-specific rules are neededand, if so, what they
36、 should say.H “Making sure robots are safe will be critical,“ says Colin Angle of iRobot, which has sold over 2m “Roomba“ household-vacuuming robots. But he argues that his firms robots are, in fact, much safer than some popular toys. “A radio-controlled car controlled by a six-year old is far more
37、dangerous than a Roomba,“ he says. If you tread on a Roomba, it will not cause you to slip over, instead, a rubber pad on its base grips the floor and prevents it from moving. “Existing regulations will address much of the challenge,“ says Mr. Angle. “Im not yet convinced that robots are sufficientl
38、y different that they deserve special treatment.“I Robot safety is likely to surface in the civil courts as a matter of product liability. “When the first robot carpet-sweeper sucks up a baby, who will be to blame?“ asks John Hallam, a professor at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. If a
39、robot is autonomous and capable of learning, can its designer be held responsible for all its actions? Today the answer to these questions is generally “yes“. But as robots grow in complexity it will become a lot less clear cut, he says.J “Right now, no insurance company is prepared to insure robots
40、,“ says Dr. Inoue. But that will have to change, he says. Last month, Japans Ministry of Trade and Industry announced a set of safety guidelines for home and office robots. They will be required to have sensors to help them avoid collisions with humans; to be made from soft and light materials to mi
41、nimize harm if a collision does occur; and to have an emergency shut-off button. This was largely prompted by a big robot exhibition held last summer, which made the authorities realize that there are safety implications when thousands of people are not just looking at robots, but mingling with them
42、, says Dr. Inoue.K However, the idea that general-purpose robots, capable of learning, will become widespread is wrong, suggests Mr. Angle. It is more likely, he believes, that robots will be relatively dumb machines designed for particular tasks. Rather than a humanoid robot maid, “its going to be
43、a heterogeneous (不同种类的) swarm of robots that will take care of the house,“ he says.（分数：20.00）(1).It is pointed out there is no absolute safety through technology due to the unpredictable nature of human behavior.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).It sounds easier said than done to program robots to avoid contact w
44、ith people.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).According to a survey, the number of domestic and service robots was three times over that of industrial robots in 2002.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).To deal with the rising safety concern about domestic robots, roboethicists held meetings in Genoa.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).To a great
45、 extent, a robot exhibition contributed to the issue of safety guidelines for home and office robots in Japan.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).A crew member from iRobot believes the existing regulations can cope with much challenges so robots are not so different as to be treated specially.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).A
46、university professor points out that the complexity of robots may result in the ambiguous product liability.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).It will be more difficult to regulate robots behavior due to their self-learning mechanisms.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Right now, the laws can only summarize commonsense principles so as to reduce the chance of injury caus
