1、大学英语六级（2013 年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 240及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the picture, give relevant examp
2、les, and then explain what you will do to solve the problem. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. （分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：11，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.He cant find his office key.B.He has misplaced some exams.C.He is unable to sp
3、eak out.D.He doesnt enjoy teaching.A.Mark the latest course assignment.B.Put a cancellation notice on the classroom door.C.Make an appointment with the doctor.D.Return some exam papers to his students.A.Teach Dons class while hes absent.B.Give Professor Webster the key to Dons office.C.Leave the ass
4、ignment on the board in Dons classroom.D.Bring Don the homework that is due today.A.Copy all the assignment from the blackboard.B.Finish the assignment on a required page.C.Go to attend another class in the same building.D.Prepare for a group presentation in the next class.A.From a special seminar.B
5、.From a cultural documentary.C.From what she just read.D.From her Canadian friend.A.In New Mexico.B.In British Columbia.C.In Alberta.D.In Arizona.A.They prefer cool temperatures.B.They can survive extreme conditions.C.They are vulnerable to radiation.D.They have a very short life span.A.Copy the art
6、icle about scorpions.B.Have lunch with him.C.Buy books about scorpions.D.Go to Canada with him.5.Section B_A.Communication actually takes place when the message is received.B.There are more means of receiving than of sending communications.C.Reception of communication involves use of the senses.D.It
7、 is hard to organize by typing the means of sending communication.A.Clapping hands.B.Gesture and imitation.C.Handshaking.D.Smell and taste.A.They dont need conventional signs and symbols.B.They only require a receiver in communication.C.The distance between communicators cant be too long.D.They are
8、not restricted in time and space.A.Worse than in the past.B.As bad as in the past.C.Not so dangerous as in the past.D.As necessary as in the past.A.The adoption of modem ideologies can stop war.B.The adoption of any ideology could prevent war.C.The adoption of some ideologies could prevent war.D.The
9、 adoption of any ideology cant stop war.A.Enhance the contests of force.B.Change peoples old mental habits.C.Change peoples ideologies.D.Persuade mankind to live with war.A.War is the only way to solve international disputes.B.War will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons.C.It is
10、impossible for people to live without war.D.War must be abolished if man wants to survive.6.Section C_A.He must exploit his talent.B.He must improve his performance.C.He must defeat his nervousness.D.He must win the audiences favor.A.Admitting his problem of nervousness.B.Creating a song to express
11、his fright.C.Practicing more on the stage.D.Singing with more confidence than before.A.His familys support.B.His friends praise.C.The stage fright song.D.Audiences tolerance.A.There will be more plastics than fish in oceans.B.More and more fish will die from starvation.C.People use more and more pla
12、stic packaging.D.The oceans of the world are over-fished.A.The plastic is not easy to collect.B.Some plastic can not be recycled.C.The plastic needs technical transport.D.The plastic doesnt break down.A.By forbidding over-fishing.B.By recycling plastics in daily life.C.By developing available techno
13、logy.D.By exploiting ocean resource.A.Plastics take too much ocean space.B.Plastics pollute the water in oceans.C.Plastics cause their abnormal death.D.Plastics warm up the surface of oceans.A.Having less contact with themselves.B.Having less contact with others.C.Working more hours than before.D.Pu
14、shing themselves to go nowhere.A.Its workers write books on the inner search engine.B.It makes the wisest use of modern technology.C.Its workers enjoy 20% of their paid time free.D.It stresses the importance of imagination.A.Sitting still.B.Contacting people.C.Training imagination.D.Improving skills
15、.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_Since 2007, the American Psychological Association (APA) has conducted a survey of different aspects of stress in America. This years analysis focused on teens, and on a 10-point scale, 1 ranked their stress at 5.8,
16、compared with a score of 5.1 reported by adults. Even more 2 , says Norman Anderson, CEO and executive vice president of the APA, is the fact that most teens knew their stress levels werent healthythey said 3.9 was probably more 3 but did little about it. In fact, the survey 4 that 42% of teens aren
17、t doing enough to manage their stress. Thats concerning, since unaddressed stress can lead to both short-term mental-health issues such as depression, as well as lay the seeds for 5 conditions such as heart disease and high blood pressure in adulthood. Whats causing teens to feel so anxious? Eighty
18、three percent 6 school as a source of stress, including concerns about their future after high school and worries about college. For some, family financial issues also caused anxiety, which wasnt 7 since previous studies found that parental stress can trickle (滴流) down to children, even at very youn
19、g ages. “This population is underserved, and not taken seriously sometimes,“ said Katherine Nordal, of the APA. “We wanted to 8 light on some of the problems we know teens are having and whether they are successful at coping with them or not.“ Clearly, said Anderson, “We have work to do to manage st
20、ress overall. Stress levels among Americans continue to be high, but coping 9 remain ineffective.“ Teens reported doing everything that they probably shouldnt in order to relieve stressthey arent getting enough sleep and theyre less 10 active.A) revealed E) physically I) chronic M) mechanismsB) surp
21、rising F) practicable J) desirable N) revengedC) disperse G) cited K) mentally O) disturbingD) adolescents H) seniors L) shine（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Wikipedias TremblingA Wikipedia is dying! Wikipedia is dying! Thats the line repe
22、ated by the media every six months or so since 2009, when Spanish researcher Felipe Ortega first noticed that unprecedented numbers of volunteer editors were abandoning the sixth most popular website in the world. As the now familiar story goes, the byzantine (极其复杂的) infrastructure behind the free,
23、crowdsourced encyclopedia30 million articles in 287 languages, including more than 4.3 million in Englishis choking to death. Wikipedia pessimists say the site is fatally blocked by white American men who would rather describe the extreme details of a new breed of Pokemnon or fervently debate the po
24、liticization of an Arabic food than guide a diverse group of new editors around the world.B The other corrosive element is the pervasive fighting by editors that sometimes supersedes (替代) the facts. “You have to realize that there are two very different sides to Wikipedia,“ Tare, a 40-year-old IT wo
25、rker from New England, told Newsweek in an email. One is “the public face of Jimbo Wales and the sum of human knowledge, represented in tens of hundreds of thousands of articles, i.e. the encyclopedia proper.“ The other is “harsh and ugly,“ like “taking the red pill and waking up in the Matrix.“C In
26、 many ways, Wikipedia is a victim of its success, and the Wiki spirit upon which it was founded. The site grew quickly: more than 20,000 articles in 18 languages just one year after Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger founded it in January 2001. Two years later, Wales launched the Wikimedia Foundation to f
27、inance and run the site; the nonprofit now has a staff of 187 people who develop and maintain open-content, Wild-based products. After the site, saw gigantic growth from 2004 to 2007the English-language Wikipedia had around 750,000 entries by late 2005the community created some tools to preserve qua
28、lity and accuracy. Things didnt go as plannedD A study published in the American Behavioral Science Journal by former Wikimedia fellows earlier this year found that the new automated quality-control tools and bureaucratic editing guidelines “crippled the very growth they were designed to manage“ by
29、scaring off new editors: The proportion of “desirable newcomers“defined in the study as both “good-faith“ editors who try but fail to be productive and “golden“ (successful) contributorsentering Wikipedia has not changed since 2006, and they are significantly more likely than their predecessors to h
30、ave their first contributions rejected. The number of editors peaked in 2007 and has been falling ever since, and its now next-to-impossible to become a high-ranking “administrator,“ editors who check entries for accuracy and fairness.E The Wikimedia foundation disclosed in its 2011-2012 annual repo
31、rt that “declining participation is by far the most serious problem facing the Wikimedia projects.“ The Wikimedia fellows behind a comprehensive study led by computer scientist and University of Minnesota Ph.D. candidate Aaron Halfaker were more blunt: They suggested Wikipedia change its motto from
32、“the encyclopedia that anyone can edit“ to “the encyclopedia that anyone who understands the norms, socializes him or herself, dodges the impersonal wall of semiautomated rejection and still wants to voluntarily contribute his or her time and energy can edit.“F Wikimedia has been working hard on thi
33、s problem, but the site is still “almost entirely written by techno-Libertarian white guys in their 30s,“ said Kevin Gorman, a longtime Wikipedia editor who has done work for the Wikimedia Foundation. According to a 2011 worldwide Wikipedia Editor Survey, the typical editor is college-educated, 30 y
34、ears old, and intimidatingly tech-sawy (懂行的人); 91 percent of them are men.G Headlines proclaiming Wikipedias decline are “exaggerated and wrong,“ said Andrew Lih, a journalism professor at American University and author of The Wikipedia Revolution. Even Halfaker thinks theres hope. “Im inspired by w
35、hat Wikipedia has done for the accessibility and access of knowledge generally,“ he told Newsweek. “But that doesnt mean that we cant do better.“H Wikimedia Executive Director Sue Gardner told Newsweek that Wikimedia is primarily focused on fixing the infrastructure, streamlining Wikipedias weak and
36、 inscrutable (高深莫测的) text-based editing tool so that its as accessible to undergraduates and grandmas as it is to geeks (极客). She believes Visual Editor, currently in buggy Beta (测试), will do just thatas soon as it stops crashing.I She also pointed to another pet cause: modifying the sites interface
37、 in small ways most users probably wont notice. For example, when Wikimedia realized that successful editors got their sea legs by fixing typing errors, the foundation started directing new registrants toward articles full of them. “The idea is to handhold people so theyre getting positive feedback,
38、“ she said. According to Wikimedia, that quick fix has led to 3,000 new Wikipedians a month making their first edits.J Wikimedia has also hired diversity advocates like Sarah Stierch, a longtime Wikipedia editor and gender issues campaigner. Before joining Wikimedia as a program evaluation community
39、 coordinator, Stierch held a paid Wikimedia fellowship during which she focused on gender work and taught women around the country how to edit Wikipedia. She also founded Teahouse, described on its Wikipedia page as “a friendly place to help new editors become accustomed to Wikipedia culture, ask qu
40、estions, and develop community relationships.“K Additionally, Wikimedia helps organize domestic and global education programs in which volunteer “ambassadors“ work with college professors to assign Wikipedia entries. Gardner extolled (赞扬) the virtues of the program in Egypt, launched in spring 2012
41、to tackle the gender gap on the Arabic Wikipedia It reached out to arts and languages departments, where there is a higher percentage of female students. According to Wikimedia, 87 percent of the Egyptian student-editors in the program are women, and theyve added more than 1,000 articles to the Arab
42、ic Wikipedia and have made needed edits on many existing articles.L Gorman, the regional ambassador for the U.S. Education Program for California and Hawaii, spoke passionately of his work with professors and undergraduates. But he said the program lacks oversight (监督), particularly when it comes to
43、 targeting underrepresented topics, and wishes Wikimedia would consider paying ambassadors. “A lot of Wikipedians have a strong irrational fear of money,“ he said, which he believes holds back widespread progress.M Gardners response: “I dont think we would ever consider paying ambassadors, because w
44、e really dont have to. Wikipedians naturally want to share. They like coaching new people.“ Gardner believes Wiki-medias initiatives will start paying off in the next few yearsand they mightbut the data arent impressive. Stierch said her grassroots groups havent attracted new women to editing and th
45、at Wikimedia still struggles to find women for leadership positions.N Even if Wikimedia fails to draw a diverse group of users who want to edit, not just battle one another, it seems unlikely that Wikipedia will self-destruct What it offers the world is imperfect, but so much better than no Wikipedi
46、a at alleven if, as Stierch said, the site “epitomizes (成为的缩影) a project started by good-faith white males,“ like so much written history and cultural research in the Western world, that may take years to change, “I cant even imagine a world without Wikipedia at this point,“ Stierch said. “Can you?“（分数：20.00）(1).Wiki may suffer both from its success and the spirit its built upon.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Wikimedia is curr
