1、大学英语六级（2013 年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 243及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Learning from MistakesYou should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 wordsWrite your essay on Answer
2、 Sheet 1 1人的一生中难免犯错 2有的人能够在错误中学习，不断进步；有的人却不以为然，重蹈覆辙 3对此，我认为（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：11，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.Salsa dancing.B.Classical music.C.Rock and roll.D.Latin music.A.It drops sharply.B.It falls slowly.C.It stays the same.D.It increases slowly.A.L
3、atin music.B.Classical music.C.Rock and roll music.D.Salsa dancing.A.It has no influence on character.B.It might make listeners cleverer.C.It makes one livelier and happier.D.Its not good for ones heart.A.An insurance package for foreign companies.B.Insurance plans designed for foreign employees.C.A
4、 position in his company that she may apply for.D.Products manufactured by one of his friends.A.To show her the plans and explain in detail.B.To demonstrate how to use the products.C.To know her better before hiring her.D.To provide better after-sale service.A.The products will be on-trial.B.The ser
5、vice will be permanent.C.The meeting wont last long.D.The position will be secured.A.Doubtful.B.Negative.C.Positive.D.Favorable.5.Section B_A.The shape of the cubes used.B.The size of the objects shown.C.The number of times of repeating the process.D.The weight of the boxes moving across the stage.A
6、.Boys enjoy playing with cubes more than girls.B.Girls tend to get excited more easily than boys.C.Girls seem to start reasoning earlier than boys.D.Boys pay more attention to moving objects than girls.A.It is a breakthrough in the study of the nerve system.B.It may stimulate scientists to make furt
7、her studies.C.Its result helps understand babies language ability.D.Its findings are quite contrary to previous research.A.The two sides of their brain develop simultaneously.B.They are better able to adapt to the surroundings.C.Their bones mature earlier.D.They talk at an earlier age.A.The new secu
8、rity plan for the municipal building.B.The blueprint for the development of the city.C.The controversy over the new office regulations.D.The citys general budget for the coming year.A.Whether the security checks were really necessary.B.How to cope with the huge crowds of visitors to the municipal bu
9、ilding.C.Whether the security checks would create lone queues at peak hours.D.How to train the newly recruited security guards.A.Irrelevant.B.Straightforward.C.Ridiculous.D.Confrontational.6.Section C_A.It was set up in that year.B.It joined with another company.C.It sent 10,000 people abroad.D.It r
10、ecruited a lot of new staff.A.They are working in 150 countries worldwide.B.Most of them are former volunteers.C.75% of them are from the UK.D.They joined the company in the early 90s.A.Most of the volunteers join in July.B.Its best to join the programs in winter.C.There are fixed start dates for ea
11、ch program.D.Volunteers may start when its best for them.A.Its solely funded by its volunteers.B.It receives money from the government.C.It asks for money from partner organizations.D.It gets funding from religious bodies.A.Americans eat more hamburgers than before.B.Americans eat more fast food tha
12、n they did.C.Most Americans are fond of eating sausages.D.Americans spent six million dollars on fast food in 1970.A.Above 50%.B.About 25%.C.Around 68%.D.Approximately 94%.A.It means getting too fat.B.Its a kind of heart disease.C.Its the biggest killer in America.D.Its a result of too much stress.A
13、.It was a railroad in the US.B.It was developed after the Civil War.C.It got its name in about 1931.D.It helped slaves run away.A.George Washington.B.A black slave.C.A slave owner.D.A Quaker.A.Stationmasters.B.Conductors.C.Passengers.D.Stations.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Readin
14、g Comprehension_8.Section A_Aristotle defined a friend as “a single soul dwelling in two bodies“. How many friends we have, and how easily we make, maintain and lose them, has a significant impact on our emotional well-being. Its no surprise, 1, that friends can improve just about every aspect of ou
15、r life. Friends can protect us from the 2of bereavement (丧失亲人) or divorce. They dont even have to be great friends-some of the positive effect is 3down to the company: have a pint with a mate and youre by definition not socially 4. “There are friends youre just more 5with. Others may be more interes
16、ting, but they may be more offended. Really good friends dont take offence. Friendships can end because they stop being equal. You may take different 6, have different experiences, which make it harder to maintain a friendship.“ says educational psychologist Karen Majors. We first recognise the impo
17、rtance of friends in childhood. While some of us may retain a few childhood friends, the biggest opportunity for friendship comes in higher education. A study of long-term friendships found that friendships formed during college years stayed close 20 years later, if they scored highly in closeness a
18、s well as 7to begin with. “At college you can 8close friendships because youre in such close 9for sustained periods,“ says Glenn Sparks, Purdues professor of communication. “These relationships are rare and hard to 10; theyre very unusual outside family relationships.A) proximity I) compromisingB) r
19、ather J) comfortableC) routes K) replicateD) then L) simplyE) cultivate M) isolatedF) aftershocks N) communicationG) preferable O) possibility H) connected（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Signs: the Most Useful Thing We Pay No Attention toA
20、 Signagethe kind we see on city streets, in airports, on highways, in hospital corridorsis the most useful thing we pay no attention to. When it works well, it tells us where we are (as when an Interstate marker assures us were on the right highway) and it helps us to get where we want to go (as whe
21、n an airport banner directs us to our gate). When it fails, we miss trains, were late to appointments, we spend hours pacing the indistinguishable floors of underground parking garages, muttering to ourselves in mounting frustration and fury. And in some cases, especially where automobiles are invol
22、ved, the consequences of bad signage can be fatal.B Bad signs can send perfectly ordinary citizens into spirals of confusion. Take Richard Ankrom, a Los Angeles artist who thought the junction of the 110 freeway and the 5 freeway was badly marked. In 2001, he put on an outfit that looked like the on
23、es Caltrans highway workers wore, climbed up onto a freeway gantry (信号架), and mounted an aluminum sign hed manufactured himself according to state specifications. The sign stayed up for nine months without anyone noticing what hed done; when the story leaked to the press and Caltrans finally realize
24、d, the agency left the sign up for eight more years.C Or consider Leslie Gallery Dilworth, a Philadelphia architect who took a road trip with her husband through Spain in the 1980s. Throughout the journey, theyd been amazed at the simplicity of the European road signs, which were easy to use even th
25、ough neither of them spoke Spanish. Upon their return to Philly, they got lost on the way from the airport to their house, when a bad set of signs directed them to a local dump. Dilworth was so struck by her own citys inhospitality that she spent much of the next decade working with the city and loc
26、al stakeholders improving Philadelphias sign systems. Today, shes the CEO of the Society for Environmental Graphic Design, the premier American professional group for sign designers.D Most people, when they think about it, can point to signs that have failed them: the hospital complex that felt like
27、 a labyrinth (迷宫) or the exit they always almost miss. But the truth is that signage today is far better than its been at any other point in history. A century ago, sign design wasnt a profession to speak of; the signs that guided riders and pedestrians (there werent many drivers yet) tended to be i
28、nformal. As the automobile took off, the world found it needed traffic engineers, and it was these men and women who were the first to think seriously about sign systems. America put national standards for road signs in place in 1935.E But the developers of office buildings, shopping malls, and othe
29、r pedestrian spaces were slow to follow suit. Developers tended to assume that architects would take care of sign design, and many architects would leave it up to tenants. As a result, security guards and secretaries were often the ones to help orient the lost.F The 1970s saw the first stirrings of
30、revolution in the sign world. Thats when the SEGD was founded, and its when designers first began to seriously study how best to orient people and guide them through space. Their work was prompted in part by Americas great urban thinkers: people like Kevin Lynch and Jane Jacobs, who argued that spac
31、es should be designed not to fulfill the grand visions of architects but with humble human uses in mind. The field earned a name“wayfinding,“ a Lynch coinageand today, people in the business call themselves wayfinding designers and talk about places that have “good wayfinding“ or “terrible wayfindin
32、g.“ By the 1980s and 90s, wayfinding advocates were involved in more development projects, but dispatches from the era have a slightly indignant air; designers of environmental graphics still often found themselves fighting for a place at the table. During the last 10 years, however, wayfinding has
33、come into its own. More requests for proposals for major building initiatives now require bidders to explain how theyll handle wayfinding design. Many cities have installed wayfinding systems like the one Dilworth helped build in Philadelphia. New airports and train stations are routinely built with
34、 good navigation in mind.G Why has there been such growth in the field? One cause is the remarkable pace of economic development over the past halfcentury. Developed countries have been building increasingly complicated spacesshopping malls, convention centers, multi-terminal airportsthat require go
35、od navigation systems in order for people to use them. In addition, businesses and municipalities alike have realized that well-oriented people are calmer, happier, and more likely to spend money (and plan return visits) than people who are lost Investing in a good wayfinding system has real financi
36、al rewards.H Another cause is our increasingly globalized planet. Much of the innovation in the sign world has been spurred by airports, places where people of all nationalities and tongues must move quickly, efficiently, and safely through huge spaces. For years, designers have been developing grap
37、hical symbols to help non-natives find the bathrooms, the baggage claims, and the currency exchange machines, and, in the process, theyve been inventing a global language, a kind of pictorial Esperanto (世界语).I A third cause is our societys increasing inclusiveness. The 1990 Americans With Disabiliti
38、es Act was the first piece of national legislation to authorize the accessibility of privately managed public spaces like hotels and universities. And because the law deals with visual as well as physical impairment, its accessibility guidelines require that standards of legibility be maintained in
39、directional signs; they evolved to specify everything from the size of fonts to the contrast between lettering and its background. This development turned out to be as useful for the rest of us as it was for the legally blind.J Finally, theres the fact that we have all increasingly become experts of
40、 good design. Fifty years ago, design belonged to designers. But the advent of the personal computer introduced us all to fonts, line spacing, and page layout, and machines from the photocopier to the iPhone have left us familiar with icons both clear and confusing. Navigating the Web has made us sm
41、arter about orienting ourselves in virtual space. As a result, when we see badly designed signs, we demand better. Joe Calderone, a spokesman for the Long Island Railroad, notes that the agency is not wanting for feedback: “Our customers are not shy about telling us if things dont work.“K Ironically
42、, just as our signs have improved, weve seen the advent of something that makes us less dependent on them than ever before: satellite navigation. Our iPhones and the GPS systems in our cars orient us in relation not to fixed squares of metal on our roads but to orbiting wheels of technology in the s
43、ky. Designers are confident that well always need signsafter all, you still need to know which street is Rogers when your car tells you to take itbut folks in the satellite business arent so sure. By examining how signs have evolved and how they help us now, we can determine whether signages golden
44、age is ending or just beginning.（分数：20.00）(1).The road signs in Spain worked well in showing directions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).A sign mounted onto a freeway gantry stayed up for quite a few years.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Traffic engineers were considered to be the first to think about sign systems.（分数：2.00）
45、填空项 1:_(4).Americas great urban thinkers believed that spaces should be designed to be user-friendly.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).The directional signs standards of legibility for the legally blind turned out to be useful for ordinary people.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Security guards and secretaries often had to gi
46、ve directions for the lost because no useful signs were set up.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).Thanks to the advent of satellite navigation, we become less dependent on the road signs than ever before.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Designers manage to help people of all nationalities to find directions by developing easy-recognized symbols.（分数：2.0
