1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61566:1998 IEC61566: 1997 Measurement of exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields Field strength in thefrequency range100kHz to 1GHz The European Standard EN 61566:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS33.100BSEN 61566:1998 This British Standard, having been p
2、repared under the directionof the Electrotechnical Sector Board, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15 June 1998 BSI 03-1999 ISBN 0 580 28427 1 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN61566:1997. It is identical with I
3、EC61566:1997. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/103, Transmitting equipment for radiocommunication, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the i
4、nterpretation, or proposals for change, and keep theUKinterests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. From 1 January 1997, all IEC publication
5、s have the number60000 added to the old number. For instance, IEC27-1 has been renumbered as IEC60027-1. For a period of time during the change over from one numbering system to the other, publications may contain identifiers from both systems. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CE
6、N and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the se
7、ction entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
8、Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theEN title page, pages 2 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see cop
9、yright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN 61566:1998 BSI 03-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword 2 Text of EN 61566 3ii b
10、lankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 61566 July 1997 ICS 33.100 Descriptors: Radiocommunications, radio equipment, transmitters, measurements, electromagnetic fields, field strength, safety, exposure, accident prevention, work safety, measuring instruments, verification, hazards
11、English version Measurement of exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields Field strength in the frequencyrange100kHz to 1GHz (IEC 61566:1997) Mesure de lexposition aux champs lectromagntiques radiofrquence Intensit du champ dans la gamme de frquences entre100kHz et 1GHz (CEI 61566:1997) Mess
12、ung der Belastung durch hochfrequente elektromagnetische Felder Feldstrke im Frequenzbereich 100kHz bis 1GHz (IEC 61566:1997) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1997-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
13、 giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three offic
14、ial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical commi
15、ttees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Eur
16、opisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN61566:1997 EEN61566:1997 BSI 03-1999 2 Foreword The text of document 103/1/FD
17、IS, future edition 1 of IEC61566, prepared by IEC TC103, Transmitting equipment for radiocommunication, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN61566 on 1997-07-01. The following dates were fixed: Annexes designated “normative” are part of the body of the stan
18、dard. Annexes designated “informative” are given for information only. In this standard, Annex ZA is normative and Annex A andAnnex B are informative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61566:1997 was approved by CENELEC as a European St
19、andard without any modification. Contents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative reference 3 3 Definitions 3 4 General technical requirements 5 4.1 General considerations 5 4.2 Measurements in exposure space 5 4.3 Electromagnetic field strength 5 4.4 Interference patterns 5 4.5 Radiati
20、on leakage 6 4.6 Reactive near-field 6 4.7 Radiating near-field 6 4.8 Summary of measurement problems 6 4.9 Safety precautions 7 5 Measuring instrument requirements 7 Page 5.1 General 7 5.2 Electrical performance requirements 7 5.3 Miscellaneous requirements 8 5.4 Physical characteristics 8 5.5 Inst
21、rument types 8 5.6 Diode instruments 8 5.7 Bolometric type 9 5.8 Thermocouple type 9 5.9 Spurious responses 9 5.10 Calibration of instruments 11 6 Measurement 11 6.1 Preliminary procedures 11 6.2 Measurement procedures 14 Annex A (informative) Summary of the main restrictions giveninthe INIRC guidel
22、ines of1988that arerelevant to the frequency rangecovered bythisInternational Standard 16 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 16 Annex ZA (normative) Normative referencestointernationalpublications withtheircorrespondingEuropean publications Inside back cover Figure 1 Basic components of an electroma
23、gneticfield instrument 15 Table 1 Examples of antennas for verticalpolarization for frequencies up to 30 MHz 13 Table 2 Examples of antennas for horizontal polarization, for frequencies up to 30 MHz 13 Table 3 Examples of antennas for frequencies above 30 MHz 13 Table 4 Mean radiated power as a func
24、tion ofrated power for various types and classes ofAMtransmission 13 Table A.1 Occupational exposure limits 16 Table A.2 Public exposure limits 16 latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 1998-04-01 l
25、atest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 1998-04-03EN61566:1997 BSI 03-1999 3 Introduction Recent publications by national and international authorities responsible for developing safety limits on exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
26、show a consensus towards making specific energy absorption rate (SAR) and induced current in the human body the basic limits. Since instruments are not yet available to measure SAR directly, and because SAR and circulating current will vary from person to person, depending on their height and weight
27、, recent standards specify derived secondary levels for field strength, and/or equivalent plane-wave power flux density, for worst case conditions of electrical coupling and body size and weight. However, in some situations, where a wide spatial variation of field strength is present, for example, w
28、hen climbing an antenna tower or mast, it may be more appropriate to measure the contact current through the hands or feet. Measurements of contact current are not covered by this International Standard. 1 Scope This International Standard applies to measurements of electromagnetic fields from opera
29、tional transmitting equipment to ensure that the transmissions do not constitute a potential hazard to workers or to the general public. The purpose of this standard is to promote a common understanding of technical requirements and precautions necessary for the accurate measurement of electromagnet
30、ic fields carried out in conjunction with relevant national exposure regulations. This standard covers transmissions in the frequency range 100kHz to 1GHz. NOTEPossible extension of this frequency range up to 2GHz or 3GHz will be investigated. This International Standard does not specify limiting va
31、lues for exposure as these are usually given in exposure standards issued by responsible health authorities. This standard is, therefore, intended to be used in conjunction with the relevant national standards or regulations applicable in the country concerned. In the absence of any national rules r
32、estricting exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, the recommendations of the International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee (INIRC) may be followed. The 1988 INIRC recommendations on exposure limits are summarized inAnnex A. 2 Normative reference The following normative document contains
33、 provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to inve
34、stigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 60215:1987, Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment. 3 Definitions For the purpose of this Int
35、ernational Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 dipole, elementary dipole of short length compared to wavelength. A mathematical concept, widely used in theoretical antenna analysis, based on a short element of wire compared to the wavelength carrying an oscillatory current 3.2 exposure oc
36、curs where a person is subjected to electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields or to contact currents other than those originating from physiological processes in the body and other natural phenomena 3.3 exposure, partial body occurs where RF fields are substantially non-uniform over the body. Fi
37、elds which are non-uniform over volumes comparable to the human body may occur due to highly directional sources, standing waves, re-radiating sources, RF hot-spots, or in the near-field 3.4 exposure standard regulations, recommendations or a standard dealing with limits of permissible exposure, pub
38、lished by a responsible authorityEN61566:1997 4 BSI 03-1999 3.5 far-field region that region of the field of an antenna where the angular field distribution is essentially independent of the distance from the antenna. In this region, the field has predominately a plane-wave character, i.e.with local
39、ly uniform distributions of electric field strength and of magnetic field strength in planes transverse to the direction of propagation NOTE 1If the antenna has a maximum overall dimension D which is large compared to the wavelength, the far-field region is commonly taken to exist at distances great
40、er than 2D 2 /2 from the antenna, 2 being the wavelength. This is the Rayleigh distance corresponding to a path difference of 2/16. NOTE 2The far-field region is sometimes referred to as the Fraunhofer region. 3.6 near-field region that region generally in proximity to an antenna, or other radiating
41、 structure, where the angular field distribution is dependent upon the distance from the antenna. In this region, the electric and magnetic fields do not have a plane-wave character. The near-field region is further subdivided into the reactive near-field region, which is closest to the radiating st
42、ructure and which contains most or nearly all of the stored energy, and the radiating near-field region where the radiation field predominates over the reactive field but lacks substantial plane-wave character and is complicated in structure NOTE 1For most antennas, the outer boundary of the reactiv
43、e near-field region is commonly taken to exist at a distance of one-half wavelength from the antenna surface. NOTE 2The radiating near-field region is sometimes referred to as the Fresnel region. 3.7 non-ionizing radiation any electromagnetic radiation incapable of dissociating electrons from atoms
44、or molecules to produce ions or ionized molecules directly or indirectly. RF waves are non-ionizing radiations 3.8 polarization (radiated wave) that property of a radiated electromagnetic wave describing the time varying direction and amplitude of the electric field vector; specifically the figure t
45、raced as a function of time by the extremity of the vector at a fixed location in space, as observed along the direction of propagation NOTEIn general, this figure is elliptical, traced in a clockwise or counterclockwise sense. The commonly referenced circular and linear polarizations are obtained w
46、hen the ellipse becomes a circle or a straight line, respectively. For an observer looking in the direction of propagation, clockwise sense rotation of the electric vector is designated right-hand polarization and counterclockwise sense rotation is designated left-hand polarization. 3.9 power flux d
47、ensity in radio wave propagation, the power crossing unit area perpendicular to the direction of propagation (unit: W/m 2 ) For plane waves, power flux density S, r.m.s. electricfield strength E and r.m.s.magnetic field strength H are related by the impedance of free-space, i.e.3777 S = E 2 /377=377
48、/H 2 3.10 equivalent plane-wave power flux density a commonly used term associated with any electromagnetic wave, equal in magnitude to the power flux density of a plane wave having the same electric E or magnetic H field strength NOTEIn the near-field and in the far-field with standing waves caused
49、 by reflective environment, the calculations of equivalent power flux density derived from E or H are often very different from the true power density. 3.11 re-radiated field an electromagnetic field resulting from currents induced in a secondary predominantly conducting object by electromagnetic waves incident on that object from one or more primary radiating structures or antennas. (Re-radiated fields are sometimes called “reflected” or more correctly “scattered” fields.) 3.12 response time time required for a field-measuring instru
